Navigation Planning

Types of Airspeed

Indicated Airspeed (IAS) The speed of an aircraft as shown on its pitot- static airspeed indicator.

True Airspeed (TAS) Actual airspeed, determined by applying a correction for pressure altitude and temperature to the IAS.

Groundspeed (GS) Speed over the ground. True Airspeed (TAS) with wind effects applied. Used in navigation for enroute time calculations.

Types of HeadingsTrue Course (TC) The intended path of an aircraft over the ground.

Measured as an angle from True North clockwise from 0° through 359° to the course line.

True Heading (TH) True Course (TC) corrected for wind by incorporating a Wind Correction Angle (WCA)

Magnetic Heading (MH) The direction an aircraft is pointed with respect to magnetic north. True Heading (TH) corrected for east or west magnetic variation.

Wind Effects and Filling-Out a Navigation Log

E6B Link

True North and Magnetic North are not co-located. The Earth’s magnetic field drifts over time.

Isogonic lines indicate the amount and in what direction the variation is applied

The Agonic Line indicates where the variation is zero.

LocationFAA Identifier: PNS Lat/Long: 30-28-24.3320N / 087-11-11.8040W30-28.405533N / 087-11.196733W30.4734256 / -87.1866122 (estimated) Elevation: 121 ft. / 36.9 m (surveyed) Variation: 02W (2010) From city: 3 miles NE of PENSACOLA, FL Time zone: UTC -5 (UTC -6 during Standard Time) Zip code: 32504

From Airnav.com, Airport Information Tab

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