Natural & Unnatural Disasters - University of...
Transcript of Natural & Unnatural Disasters - University of...
Lesson 20: Disasters February 22, 2006
ENVIR 202: Population & Health 1
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 1
ENVIR 202: Lesson No. 20
Natural &UnnaturalDisasters
Gail SandlinGail SandlinUniversity of WashingtonUniversity of WashingtonProgram on the EnvironmentProgram on the Environment
February 22, 2006February 22, 2006
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 2
Natural Disaster
A natural disaster is the consequence oreffect of a natural phenomenon becomingenmeshed with human activities.
“Disasters occur when hazards meetvulnerability”
So is it Mother Nature or Human Nature?
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 3
Natural PhenomenaTornadoes Drought
Floods Hurricanes
Tsunami Wild Fires
Volcanoes
Landslides Avalanche
Earthquakes
Lesson 20: Disasters February 22, 2006
ENVIR 202: Population & Health 2
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 4
Naturals Hazards
Why do Populations Live near Natural Hazards?
High voluntary individual risk
Low involuntary societal risk
Element of probability
Benefits outweigh risk
Economical
Social & cultural
Few alternatives
Concept of resilience; operationalizedthrough policies or systems
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 5
Tornado Alley
http://www.spc.noaa.gov/climo/torn/2005deadlytorn.html
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 6
Oklahoma City, May 1999
319 mph (near F6)
44 died, 795 injured
3,000 homes and 150businesses destroyed
Lesson 20: Disasters February 22, 2006
ENVIR 202: Population & Health 3
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 7
World’s Deadliest Tornado
April 26, 1989
1300 died
12,000 injured
80,000 homeless
Two towns leveled
Where?
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 8
Bangladesh
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 9
Hurricanes, Typhoons & Cyclones
winds over 74 mph
regional location
500,000 Bholacyclone, 1970,Bangladesh
229,000 TyphoonNina, 1975, China
138,000 Bangladeshcyclone, 1991
Lesson 20: Disasters February 22, 2006
ENVIR 202: Population & Health 4
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 10
Main article: List of notable Atlantic hurricanes
$12.6 billion1989Hugo5
$14.6 billion2004Ivan4
$15.4 billion2004Charley3
$44.9 billion1992Andrew2
$75 billion2005Katrina1
Cost (2005 USD)SeasonHurricaneRank
Costliest U.S. Atlantic hurricanes
Cost refers to total estimated property damage.
8000, Galveston Hurricane, 1900
1417, Hurricane Katrina, 2005
U.S. Hurricanes
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 11
Hurricane Zone
Changes in societyUrbanization
Densification
Aging
Broward County, FL.8000 % increasefrom 1930 to 2000
Miami-Dade. FL.1,800 % increase
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 12
Floods13 of the world’s15 largest citiesare on coastalplains
Environmentalamenities
Economicopportunities
Lesson 20: Disasters February 22, 2006
ENVIR 202: Population & Health 5
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 13
China’s Sorrow
Yellow (Huang He) River
1887 – 2 million
1931 – 4 million
1938 – 1 million
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 14
Yangtze River & the Three Gorges Dam
Flood control
Improve navigation
Power generation
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 15
Landslides
Venezuela 1999 Phillipine 2006
Lesson 20: Disasters February 22, 2006
ENVIR 202: Population & Health 6
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 16
Earthquakes
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 17
Earthquakes
Los Angeles, 1971 Alaska, 1964
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 18
Heat Wave
Europe, 2003
35,000
elderly
Lesson 20: Disasters February 22, 2006
ENVIR 202: Population & Health 7
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 19
Limnic Eruption
Lake Nyos, Africa
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 20
Extreme Natural Phenomena
Impact event
Solar flare
Super-volcano
Mega-tsunami
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 21
Barringer Meteor Crater,Arizona
Barringer Crater, Arizona
Lesson 20: Disasters February 22, 2006
ENVIR 202: Population & Health 8
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 22
Tunguska Event, 1908
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 23
Solar Flare
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 24
MegaTsunami
a tsunami isgenerated by themotion of the seabottom. The wavespropagateEastward andWestward.
A tsunami isgenerated bythe motion ofthe sea bottom.
The wavespropagateEastward andWestward.
Lesson 20: Disasters February 22, 2006
ENVIR 202: Population & Health 9
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 25
MegaTsunami
1 hour and 20minutes later,the wave hitsPhuket and theIndian oceancoast ofThailand andMyanmar.
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 26
MegaTsunami
2 hours later, thewave hits Sri Lankaand the East coastof India.
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 27
Volcanic Eruptions
Lesson 20: Disasters February 22, 2006
ENVIR 202: Population & Health 10
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 28
Yellowstone Caldera
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 29
Unnatural Disasters
Amplification of natural phenomenaIncreased urbanization
Between 1990 and 1995, Worldwatch says, "thecities of the developing world grew by 263 millionpeople - the equivalent of another Los Angeles orShanghai forming every three months".
Increased densification
Anthropogenic Impacts on the naturalenvironment
Conflict
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 30
Aberfan, 1966
Lesson 20: Disasters February 22, 2006
ENVIR 202: Population & Health 11
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 31
Aral Sea
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 32
Aral Sea cont’d
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 33
World Wars
World War 1 - 66,000,000
World War 2 - 62,000,000
Lesson 20: Disasters February 22, 2006
ENVIR 202: Population & Health 12
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 34
Questions
ENVIR 202: Lesson 20 35
Next Lesson
The Livable CityThe Livable City