Natural Regeneration Under Influence of Sustainable … · 2019. 7. 9. · The Brandão III...

Journal of Agricultural Science; Vol. 11, No. 10; 2019 ISSN 1916-9752 E-ISSN 1916-9760

Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education

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Natural Regeneration Under Influence of Sustainable Management Plan in Caatinga

Mailson Pereira de Souza1, Allyson Rocha Alves2, Ivonete Alves Bakke3, Josueldo Alves Lopes4, Wellington de Sousa Santos4, Emanoel Messias Pereira Fernando5, Amanda de Lira Freitas6

& Felipe Silva Amorim7 1 Postgraduate Program in Environmental and Forest Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil 2 Department of Plant Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil 3 Academic Unit of Forest Engineering, Forest Engineer, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, PB, Brazil 4 Graduated in Forestry Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, PB, Brazil 5 Graduated in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, PB, Brazil 6 Department of Forestry Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Forest Sciences, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos, PB, Brazil 7 Department of Forest Engineering, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jeus, PI, Brazil

Correspondence: Mailson Pereira de Souza, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]

Received: February 18, 2019 Accepted: May 11, 2019 Online Published: July 15, 2019

doi:10.5539/jas.v11n10p194 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n10p194

Abstract Despite being one of the most heterogeneous Brazilian biomes, regardless of being the least known, the Caatinga is under strong anthropism. In this way the forest management offers techniques that, when used, guarantees the maintenance of the sustainability of the productive system, sustainability that is guaranteed through the resilience of the regenerative stratum. Thus the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of forest management on natural regeneration in a caatinga area, under different cutting ages. The study was developed in the settlement of the agrarian reform, Brandão III, located in the city of Cuité-PB. To evaluate the natural regeneration, 40 plots measuring 5 × 5 m (25 m2) were randomly allocated within the plots exploited and in the Legal Reserve. All individuals with Circumference at baseline (CNB) ≤ 6 cm and with a minimum height of 0.5m were measured, and distributed in three height classes. A C1: 0.5 m < H < 0.99 m; C2: 1.0 m ≤ H < 1.99 m and C3: H > 2.0 m. The data of density, richness and number of individuals by type of regeneration origin were compared by the Tukey test at 5% significance. We sampled 2021 individuals, represented by 32 species, 27 genera distributed in 16 families. The exploration did not cause significant changes to the floristic composition nor to the richness of the species. The exploration and the time elapsed between the cut and the measurement influenced the increase of the density.

Keywords: diversity, sustainable exploitation, structures

1. Introduction The degradation of the Caatinga biome has been a subject much debated in recent years, as well as strategies and actions aimed at sustainability of the use of natural resources. Holland et al. (2015) have reported that historically the Northeastern man has always sought fertile soils for agricultural and agricultural practice, factors considered one of the main causes that contribute to degradation of the biome, leaving soils exposed and susceptible to erosion. Linked to this culture stands out the unsustainable use of wood resources in detriment of the demand for energy for ceramics, poles, bakeries, and families in the Northeast. Therefore, obtaining information related to the regenerative process is extremely important when the objective is the development of strategies and methods that enable the restoration of the ecological processes that guarantee the sustainability of the productive environment.

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Fundamental natural regeneration study is fundamental for the adoption and achievement of forest management, restoration and conservation plans, and can provide information on the level of ecological stability and speed of recovery of the forest ecosystem. Thus, natural regeneration is important for the maintenance of forest ecosystems, because they provide knowledge of the dynamics of the biomes and for the selection of techniques for the recovery of areas that have suffered some type of impact (Alves Júnior et al., 2013).

It has been verified that the sustainable use of the resources of the Caatinga biome is possible with adequate management methods and techniques, becoming essential knowledge about the dynamics of natural regeneration. For Pereira et al. (2001), one can not consider a rational exploitation of the natural resources of an ecosystem without first knowing the dynamic processes of the same, the responses of natural regeneration to the anthropic disturbances. Lucena, Silva, and Alves (2016) made it clear that the responses offered by natural regeneration in relation to impacts generate information that helps in the adoption of actions that aim at the adoption of techniques and methods that assure the productive sustainability of a given ecosystem. Thus, the answers make it possible to know the possibility of compromising the regeneration capacity of vegetation resources in caatinga environments.

Based on the above, the present study seeks to answer the following questions: does the exploitation of the caatinga vegetation through the sustainable management plan compromise or negatively affect the floristic and structural composition of natural regeneration? What is the influence of managed exploration time on natural regeneration? The objective of this study was to evaluate the natural regeneration in an area of managed caatinga, under different cutting ages, in order to offer technical subsidies to the actions aimed at the sustainability and recovery of this ecosystem.

2. Material and Methods 2.1 Characterization of Areas and Data Collection

The research area is located about 20 km from the city of Cuité, between coordinates 06°27′36″ S and 36°02’54’ W, with approximately 1,384 hectares, 50% of which are destined for sustainable forest management. The municipality of Cuité belongs to the do Planalto da Borborema Eco-region, with altitudes varying between 650 and 1000 meters. It is marked by the strong presence of relief, mostly wavy, receiving prominence some deep and dissected narrow valleys. It has soils with fertility that varies from medium to high (CPRM/PRODEEM, 2005). According to Alvares et al. (2014), the climate of the region is classified by Bsh, semi-arid hot, with average annual rainfall of 600 mm. year-1 and average temperatures of 30 °C.

The soils of the property present an association noted in the whole of the analogous region, being classified according to the analysis of the Exploratory Map-Soil Recognition of the State of Paraíba, 1971 (Jacomine et al., 1972): an association of type Neosolo Litólico, sandy texture and/or medium stony phase and Red-Yellow Distropic Argissol (Santos et al. 2013).

The Brandão III property presents an exuberant vegetation of the Type 4 Hyperxerophilic Caatinga-Closed Arboreal Vegetation (SUDEMA, 2004), formed by a dense, dominant woody vegetation with a size varying between 6 and 10 meters, with an estimated timber stock for the Borborema mesoderm, at 205.09 st/ha (Silva, 1994).

The four areas chosen for the study development are included in the sustainable management plan. The first area is related to the Legal Reserve with approximately 276.93 ha, the second is the UPA 04 corresponding to the annual production unit explored in 2007, with approximately 27.9 ha. The third area was UPA 13, with an approximate area of 27.3 ha, designated UPA 2012 and the fourth area was UPA 02, denominated UPA 2014, whose exploration took place in the year 2014 with about 29.2 ha.

In order to evaluate the natural regeneration, 10 random plots of 5 × 5 m (25 m2) were installed within the UPA’s and the Legal Reserve (R.L.). The individuals with CNB ≤ 6 cm and with a minimum height of 0.5 m were measured. These inclusion criteria served as counting parameters, counting the plants that met the proposed requirements (RMFC, 2005). It is important to note that in the case of several shoots per strain, all were counted as one individual separately. This methodology was adapted from the norms for the sampling of regenerating individuals of the Forest Management Network of the Caatinga, where all the branches bifurcated before 30 cm of the soil are considered individuals separately.

Regarding the origin of the regeneration, the individuals were grouped to determine if they came from seed germination or from regrowth of strains. Tree regrowth was considered as a regrowth in which the vegetative structure branched out from strains; when not, it was considered seed germination or root regrowth. For these


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individuals the species and height classes were recorded: C1: 0.5 m < H < 0.99 m; C2: 1.0 m ≤ H < 1.99 m and C3: H > 2.0 m with CNB up to 6.0 cm.

The individuals measured were identified in the place with common name, and then when possible collected fertile material for further identification in the CSTR herbarium. The classification system adopted was that of Chase et al. (2009) called Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (A.P.G.III, 2009). The spelling of scientific names and species classifiers was updated according to the List of Brazilian Flora Species 2020 (Forzza et al., 2018).

2.2 Parameters for Natural Regeneration

For each species, the absolute and relative frequency and density parameters were estimated for each class of pre-established height. After calculating the density and frequency (relative and absolute) of each height class, for each species, natural regeneration was estimated, given by the formula of Volpato (1994) modified by Silva et al. (2007) (Equation 1).

RNCij= DRij + FRij

2 (1)

Where, RNCij = estimate of the natural regeneration of the ith species in the jth plant height class, in percent; DRij = relative density for the ith species in the jth natural regeneration height class; FRij = relative frequency of ith species, in percent, in the jth class of natural regeneration.

After calculating the regeneration index by height class for species, the total natural regeneration per species was estimated within the previously established height classes (H). The total natural regeneration (RNT) was calculated by the formula of Volpato (1994) modified by Silva et al. (2007) (Equation 2).

RNTi= ∑ (RNCij) /3 (2)

Where, RNTi = estimate of the total natural regeneration of the sampled population of the ith species; RNCij = estimate of the natural regeneration of the ith species in the jth plant height class. 2.3 Floristic Diversity Indexes

The richness and abundance of the species in each area were evaluated using the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’) and Simpson’s Index of Dominance (C). The distribution of individuals among the species was studied by the Pielou Uniformity Index (J) and for the analysis of floristic similarity, the Sorensen Similarity Index (Magurran, 1989; Felfili & Venturoli, 2000; Matteucci & Colma, 1982) by Cordeiro (2005). Analyzes were performed using the software (Nativa, 2011).

2.4 Data Analysis and Experimental Design

Considering each annual production unit (UPA2007, UPA2012, UPA2014 AND Legal reserve) as a treatment and each sample of 25 m2 as a repetition, the prepositions of normality and homoscedasticity were checked and, when possible, the analysis was performed through analysis of variance (F test) and comparison of means by the Tukey test for the variables, number of individuals, species richness and number of individuals from the different types of regeneration. Analyzes were performed using the statistical package ASSISTAT Version 7.7 beta (Silva, 2017), at a significance level of 5%.

3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Floristics

The sampling adequacy, shown by the Figure 1 collector curve, for the three annual production units (UPA’s) and for the Legal Reserve shows that, in general, all the experimental units stabilized from the eighth sampling unit, being highlighted. From that moment onwards, there was a reduction in the number of new species occurring in the experimental units, that is, at 200 m2, 100% of the number of the inventoried species had already been registered. Then there was a stagnation in the number of species, indicating that the sampling performed for the study area was satisfactory, in order to reach the minimum of plots to be used to characterize the floristic composition in the production units.


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Figure 1. Graphical representation of sample sufficiency in the units of annual production (UAPs) and Legal

Reserve in an area submitted to a sustainable management plan, in the city of Cuité-PB

In the 40 units surveyed throughout the area, 2021 individuals were sampled, represented by 32 species, 27 genera and distributed in 16 families (Table 1). In the UPA 04 20 species were found distributed in 10 families, in the UPA 13 were present 20 species distributed in 10 families, in the UPA 02 were cataloged 19 species distributed in 8 families, already in the Legal Reserve 27 species were present being these distributed in 16 families.

Table 1. Floristic list present in the 40 plots of the forest inventory in an area under management in Cuité-PB

Family Scientific name Common Name AUP04 AUP13 AUP02 L.R.

Anacardiaceae Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemao Aroeira X X X X

Spondias tuberosa Arruda Umbu - - - X

Apocynaceae Aspidosperma pyrifolium Mart. & Zucc. Pereiro X X X X

Bignoniaceae Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.). Mattos Ipê Roxo X - - -

Capparaceae Cynophalla flexuosa (L.) J.Presl Feijoão bravo - X X X

Burseraceae Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J.B.Gillett Imburana de Cheiro - - - X

Capparaceae Neocalyptrocalyx longifolium (Mart.) Cornejo & Iltis Icó - X - X

Combretaceae Combretum laxum Jacq. Bugi X - X X

Erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum pauferrense Plowman Coração de Negro - - - X

Euphorbiaceae

Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong Burra leiteira X - - X

Manihot glaziovii Müll.Arg. Maniçoba X - X X

Croton blanchetianus Baill Marmeleiro X X X X

Sebastiania sp. Pau de leite X X X X

Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill. Pião manso X X - X

Fabaceae

Mimosa ophthalmocentra Mart. ex Benth.cf Amorosa X X X X

Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.). Brenan Angico X X X X

Senna macranthera (DC. ex Collad.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby Canafístula mirim X X X X

Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz Catingueira X X X X

Piptadenia stipulacea (Benth.) Ducke Jurema branca X X X X

Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir. Jurema preta X X X X

Cronton sp. Marmeleiro branco - X - X

Bauhinia cheilantha (Bong.) D. Dietr. Mororó X X X X

Amburana cearenses (Allemão) A.C.Sm. cumaru - - - X

Malvaceae Pseudobombax marginatum (A.St.-Hil., Juss. & Cambess.) A.Robyns Embiratanha X X

Myrtaceae Eugenia uvalha Cambess. Baia - X - X

Nyctaginaceae Guapira graciliflora (Mart. ex Schmidt) Lundell João mole X X - -

Olacaceae Ximenia americana L. Ameixa X - X X

Rhamnaceae Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. Juazeiro X - - X

Sapotaceae Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. & Schult.) T.D. Penn. Quixabeira - - - X

Undetermined

Morphospecies Mapirunga - X - -

Morphospecies Quebra faca - - X -

Morphospecies Rompi gibão X - - X

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

25m² 50m² 75m² 100m² 125m² 150m² 175m² 200m² 225m² 250m²

Nº S

peci

es

Area m²

L.R AUP 04 AUP 13 AUP 02


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The numbers of species and families found in these areas were higher than those of other Caatinga studies. Alves et al. (2010) found 13 species and 7 families, in a fragment of Caatinga free of anthropic action accentuated 32 years ago, in the municipality of Pombal-PB. Alves Junior et al. (2013) studying the natural regeneration of a Caatinga area in the Sertão of Pernambuco found 15 species distributed in 7 families. Lucena, Alves, and Silva (2016) evaluating the natural regeneration of the shrub-arboreal stratum in two areas of Caatinga managed on two different occasions recorded values in Esec do Seridó, in 2009 of 12 species, 10 genera and 7 botanical families, for the year 2011 was found 11 species, 9 genera and 7 families. At the Fazenda Pedro Cândido, in 2011, we observed 8 species, 8 genera and 5 families.

Similar results were reported by Almeida (2014), who analyzed adult and regenerating individuals in the same area in three experimental units, where 30 species distributed in 15 families were found. In UPA 04, 23 species belonging to 12 families in PAU 13, 16 species distributed in 8 families, and in R.L., 23 species, representing 12 families. Silva et al. (2012), evaluating the natural regeneration in a Caatinga remnant with different use histories in Pernambuco, where one area had no history of intensive soil use and the other was in a recovery process at 30 years, found 17 botanical families, 26 genera and 30 species. Seventeen botanical families were registered, 21 genera and 26 species, and three unidentified individuals in Area I and 14 botanical families, 19 genera and 23 species, and three unidentified individuals in Area II.

Andrade-Lima (1981) states that the caatingas located in places where the precipitations are more accentuated present a greater number of species, being this factor often limiting when the subject is floristic diversity. Thus higher values of diversity may be related to the pluviometric issue of the different regions. However, Rodal, Martins, and Sampaio (2008) reported that not only the total rainfall can modify the quantity of species and individuals, that is, other elements should be considered, topographic condition, class, depth and soil permeability.

The families that presented the greatest number of species were: Fabaceae with 8 species, Euphorbiaceae with 6 species and Anacardiaceae with 2 species, the other families added had 16 species. These three families had 50% of the total number of species, and the other half (50%) of the families were represented by only one species. For Alves Júnior (2013) the families Euphorbiaceae, Anacardiaceae and Fabaceae present the majority of the species of the caatinga areas. In addition, they have also been reported as having the highest number of species in other studies on natural regeneration (Holand et al., 2015; Lucena, Alves, & Silava, 2016, Lucena, Alves, & Bakke, 2017).

3.2 Structure

The total densities found for this study were 13,680, 19,520, 20,760 and 26,880 ind. ha-1 for the experimental units, Legal Reserve, UPA 04, UPA 13 and UPA 02, respectively. The superiority of the values presented here is probably due to the methodology adopted as inclusion criterion for the regenerating individuals, where all the shoots of the same stump were considered as different individuals. This is most evident in UPA 02, whose value was considerably higher than those observed in the other experimental units.

The values were higher than those found by Alves et al. (2010) that when estimating the natural regeneration at Fazenda São João in the city of Pombal-PB, found an absolute density of 4,272 ind. ha-1. It also presented superiority to the study by Silva et al. (2012), which evaluated the natural regeneration in a caatinga remnant with different use histories in the Pernambuco hinterland, observed values of 11,200 ind. ha-1 and 8,116 ind. ha-1 in Areas I and II, respectively.

It was found that the larger the time elapsed between the time of the exploration and the smaller the number of individuals per area sampled. The highest number observed for UPA 02 shows the physiological response of vegetation to the exploration. According to Sampaio et al. (1998), the cut in Caatinga species has a direct effect on physiological processes, thus inducing intense meristematic activity in large parts of the plants for the regeneration of the aerial system, with the accumulation of accumulated reserves in the subterranean systems and in the stem stumps. In contrast, the lower value observed for UPA 04 reinforces the justification of competition among regenerating individuals over time, contributing to a decrease in the number of individuals.

The decrease in the number of individuals over time is expected due to the various competition processes that control the successional dynamics, so the results presented here corroborate with Lucena, Silva, and Alves (2016) who observed the decrease in the number of individuals of an occasion of monitoring to another. The authors pointed out that this loss can be attributed not only to competition between individuals, but also to several factors, among which precipitation becomes the main control agent of natural regeneration. This last factor is the major limiting factor for crop production in the semiarid region, where rainfall is irregular both temporal and spatial.

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3.3 Flower Diversity

Considering the Shannon-Weaver Diversity Index (H’), it was found that the greatest diversity of species was found in Legal Reserve 2.53 nats. ind.-1, followed by the area explored in 2014 (UPA 02) 1.9 nats. ind.-1, soon after area explored in 2007 (UPA 04) presented a value of 1.87 nats. ind.-1, already the area explored in 2012 (UPA 13) had a value of 1.71 nats. ind.-1 which can be easily evidenced in (Table 2).

Table 2. Indexes-Shannon-Wiener’s Diversity Index (H’), Simpson’s (C’), Pielou’s Equability Index (J’) and the number of species (S) between the four experimental units studied areas in an area under sustainable management plan in Cuité-PB

Indexes L.R. AUP 04 AUP 13 AUP 02

H’ 2.53 1.87 1.71 1.96 J 0.77 0.62 0.57 0.65 C 0.88 0.73 0.68 0.79 S 27 20 20 19

The results were generally higher than those found by Alves et al. (2010), in Caatinga with low anthropization, in the municipality of Pombal (PB), whose value was 0.84 nats. ind.-1, to those verified by Holanda et al. (2015), which studied the Structure of the vegetation in remnants of caatinga with different disturbance histories in Cajazeirinhas (PB), found values of 0.80 nats. ind.-1 and 1.21 nats. ind.-1, corresponding to two environments in different stages of degradation. When comparing with the values found by Lucena, Alves, Silva (2016) only the value of the Legal Reserve presented superiority to the previously specified study, the authors studying the natural regeneration in two caatinga areas at the Seridó Ecological Station on two occasions observed values of 1.63 nats. ind-1, 0.99 nats. ind.-1 for 2009 and 1.71 nats. ind.-1, 1.12 nats. ind.-1 for the year 2011.

Almeida (2014) studying adult and regenerating individuals in the same area found values similar to those observed for this occasion. For the Legal Reserve the value was 2.24 nats. ind.-1, the UPA 04 presented value of 1.70 nats. ind.-1 and the UPA 13 had a value of 1.33 nats. ind.-1. When analyzing the value it is noticed that the area is recovering. However, it is observed that the number of species occurring between the two studies, in the Legal Reserve and in the UPA 13 there was an increase, in the UPA 04 the number decreased. Possibly, the reason for the greatest diversity in the year 2017, even in spite of the smaller number of species in some experimental units, is due to the more equitable distribution of the number of individuals among the observed species.

When these values are compared to each other, it is observed that the Legal Reserve, because it did not suffer any type of disturbance, has a higher value than the other experimental units, since this experimental unit had a state of preservation much better than the other areas. Although the exploitation carried out in the vegetation creates new environments that are often favorable to the invasion of opportunistic or shade tolerant species, it is generally found that the exploitation negatively affects the diversity of the forest fragment managed. However, this exploitation, because it is managed and sustainable, favors the recovery of the regenerating individuals in an effective way, this thesis is confirmed when comparing the present study with the others carried out in environments of disturbed caatinga or even under silvicultural treatments.

For Scolforo and Carvalho (2008), small values of (H’) characterize a possible reduction of diversity, and another cause of great variability of species richness is also the anthropization to which part of the areas is submitted. However, Santana and Souto (2006) affirm that the comparison of different areas by means of diversity indexes should be carried out in a cautious way from several perspectives, since the indices are strongly influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors, inclusion criteria, beyond the time of anthropism. Almeida (2014) emphasizes that although in the Caatinga there are several phytophysiognomies present, and when analyzed with different sampling processes and inclusion levels from one work to another, these factors favor variations in diversity values, however, this index is considered a great factor for species richness analysis.

In relation to the Pielou index, the variation between the values presented for the experimental units (Table 2) is indicative of a relative homogeneity in the distribution of the species in the plots, even with the high concentration of C. blanchetianus individuals. The value of equability found in the present study was similar to those diagnosed in several areas of Caatinga biome occurrence, highlighting the surveys made by Marangon et al. (2013), Ferraz et al. (2014), and Santos et al. (2017) who found values between 0.50 and 0.73. Based on the assumption that the values presented in the experimental units are similar to those of some areas that do not show


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signs of anthropization, Almeida (2014) stated that the maintenance of these values is probably allied to the fact that the exploration occurs in a managed way, greater diversity when vegetation has been in use for some time.

As regards the Simpson Diversity Index (C), it can be observed that there is similar diversity among the three areas. The values ranged from 0.68 to 0.88, the lowest being UPA 13 and the highest as expected in relation to the Legal Reserve. This fact is probably related to the organized exploration, which according to studies developed by Almeida (2014) and the present work, the data indicates that the management does not present negative effects on the regeneration of the species.

The Søresen Similarity index allowed us to verify that the four areas presented similarities among themselves regarding the composition of species (Table 3).

Table 3. Søresen’s Similarity Index among the four studied areas in an area under the sustainable management plan in Cuité-PB

AUP04/AUP13 AUP04/AUP02 AUP04/LR AUP13/AUP02 AUP13/LR AUP02/LR

SO 0.65 0.82 0.72 0.77 0.77 0.74

In general, it is observed that there is a high similarity between the experimental units studied, since values above 50% have a high similarity (Sabino, Cunha, & Santana, 2016). This fact probably occurs due to the proximity of the studied areas, facilitating that the factors responsible for the formation of the floristic composition act in all the experimental units.

The sustainable forest management in the area did not significantly affect the number of species occurring in the experimental units. Based on the results presented here, it can be observed that the number of species found was reduced by comparing the Legal Reserve (unit that was not cut) and the other exploration units (Table 2). Even occurring this decrease in the number of species it is emphasized that managed exploration is a strategy that ensures the floristic richness, considering that when compared the number of species found in the units under management with surveys of regenerating individuals in an unsustainably exploited area and areas with a long fallow and recovery period, a great difference is observed in relation to the total number of species (Alves et al., 2010; Alves Júnior et al., 2013; Holanda et al., 2015). Also to be considered is that when applying the Tukey test to 5% of significance, the experimental units did not present significant difference between them.

Currently the sustainability of the sustainable management plan in the Caatinga has been a much debated topic, groups of researchers have taken opposing positions on this theme. Both sides are keenly defended by their components, each analyzing the different points of view, whether they are productive or ecological. In this way it is necessary to emphasize that the conclusions evidenced herein are directly related to the environmental conditions, whose area studied is submitted.

Thus, the authors reinforce and advise that other works with the same purpose should be carried out in different places so that the actions and strategies directed to areas under forest management will be more accurate and safe, since the biome presents high heterogeneity in the edaphoclimatic relationships and can cause different results in the structure and composition of the regenerating community. Thus, other methodologies for monitoring the development of regenerating individuals should be tested, since in the mentioned work the plots did not have a permanent evaluation in space or in time.

4. Conclusions The Management Plan developed at the Annual Production Units (PAUs) favored their maintenance until the present study.

The exploration and the time elapsed between the cut and the measurement influenced the increase of the density.

The exploitation did not affect the floristic richness of the managed area, despite the decrease in the number of species between the Legal Reserve and the UPA’s, maintaining floristic similarity among the studied areas.

Cutting vegetation tends to interfere with the predominant type of regeneration in the area. The longer the time between the exploration and the smaller the number of individuals from sprout shoots will be.

Acknowledgements This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil (CAPES)-Finance Code 001.


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