National Urban Sanitation Policy 2.8.10

8/3/2019 National Urban Sanitation Policy 2.8.10

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M.Sankaranarayanan Joint Adviser(PHEE)

Ministry of Urban DevelopmentNew Delhi

November 25 th 2010


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Urban Sanitation Situation in India

About 50 million people in urban Indiaresort to open defecation.

As high as 82 percent of urbanhouseholds maybe disposing of human wastes in an unsafe manner

70 percent wastewater from seweragesystems not treated and let outunsafely.

26 percent do not have any householdsanitation arrangements

80 percent of surface water pollutionis due to municipal sewage alone


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It is not about coverage .Safe Access, Safe Confinement, Disposal of Excreta

Sa nit a tion a nd Sewer ag e

Household Toilet

74%

No Household Toilets

26%

On SiteDispos a l

34-46%

Sewer ag eConnection

28-40%

Using CommunityToilets

9%

Open Defec a tion17%

Sa fe Dispos a l18-52%

Uns a feDispos a l

48-82 %Sources: Census 2001, NSSO 1998, NIUA 1999

50million

households


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Are the Urban poor covered ???

Reside in informal/ low quality settlements; Lack of awareness.

Not enough public toilets: Highly skewed ratios of persons/ seats

Public toilets poorly maintained; Many are forced to defecate in the open

Lack of tenant rights and tenure in slum communities; Therefore cannot invest in propersanitary facilities even if motivated

Mindset and Social Biases: Poor status of scavenging workers, and slow progress ineradicating service latrines (more than 0.75 m workers and more than 3 m servicelatrines remain)


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Despite InvestmentUnsatisfactory Results

y Before: Focus only on creating large infrastructure andsewerage projects

y Only 300 of 5161 urban areas in the country have partial(20-50%) sewer network.

y Low household connections to sewer networks; thereforeinsufficient flows to plant; Underutilized capacity

y Only 21% of wastewater generated is treated.y No attention to operation and maintenance; Plants and

system fall into disrepair over time


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Institutional Issuesin Urban Sanitation

Urban sanitation in India beset with fragmented institutional responsibilities

Multiple institutions responsible for different activities, with lowcoordination between them

ULBs do not often have primary responsibilities

Major investments often undertaken by parastatals

Regulation often poor especially of household onsite sanitation

Emphasis often on creation of infrastructure with low priority for O&M

No Accountability thus no responsibility

In the end, OUTCOMES are not monitored . Citizens suffer


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National Urban Sanitation Policy

Vision:All Indian cities and towns become totally sanitized,healthy and livable, ensure and sustain public health andenvironmental outcomes for all their citizens.

Goals:y Awareness generation targeting behavior change;y Creation of open defecation free cities ;y Sanitary and safe disposal of all human and liquid wastes;y All states and cities to develop state sanitation strategies and city

sanitation plans;


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Awareness generation andbehavior change

y Generating awareness amongst households and institutions aboutsanitation and its linkages with public and environmental health;

y

Promoting mechanisms to bring about and sustain behavioralchanges aimed at adoption of healthy sanitation practices;

y A national level communications strategy on generating awarenesson Urban Sanitation will be launched soon.


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Open Defecation Free Cities

This will be accomplished by:

y Promoting access to households with safe sanitation facilities(including proper disposal arrangements);

y Promoting community-planned and managed toilets wherevernecessary, for groups of households who have issues of space,tenure or economic constraints in gaining access to individualfacilities;

y

Adequate availability and 100 % upkeep and management of PublicSanitation facilities in all urban areas.


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Sanitary and safe disposal

100 % of human excreta and liquid wastes from all sanitation facilitiesmust be disposed-off safely.

This will be achieved by:y

Ensuring that all human wastes are collected, treated and disposed off safely;

y Promoting proper disposal and treatment of sludge from on-siteinstallations (septic tanks, pit latrines, etc.);

y Promoting proper functioning of network-based sewerage systemsand ensuring connections of households to them;

y Encourage recycle and reuse of treated waste water for non-potableapplications, wherever possible.


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Operation and maintenance andcapacity building

y Promoting proper usage, regular upkeep and maintenance of household, community and public sanitation facilities;

y

Strengthening urban local bodies to provide sustainable sanitationservice delivery;

y GoI will support states with capacity building and training whereverthere is a need and demand.


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Developing State Strategies andCity Sanitation Plans

y Sanitation is a state subject and requires strong city level institutionsand stakeholders.

y Each state and city MUST formulate state sanitation strategies and city

sanitation plans.

y Each state can institute a state rewards scheme, in order to mobilizecities and promote healthy competition.

y 100 cities formulating city sanitation plans;many supported by bi/multi-lateral agencies (donor alignment ) -being guided by GoI


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Changed perspective:Outcome Focused

The emphasis will not be on the physical infrastructure per sebut on:

y Behavior change outcomes

y Proper usage

y Institutional reorientation

y Regular upkeep and maintenance

y Increased Accountability: Service delivery by ULBs and theirdelegated agents;


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Progress so far:F rom November 2008 to 2010

Ten st a tes h a ve st a rted developin g st a te s a nit a tion str a te gies

118 cities a re dr a ftin g city s a nit a tion pl a ns

Stron g a nd continued commitment from Government of Indi a

Ra tin g of 436 cities completed; F irst a wa rds to be presentedin 2010

Na tion a l communic a tion l a unched

Bra ndin g of the N a tion a l Urb a n Sa nit a tion Policy Lo gosdeveloped

Six bi/multil a ter a l ag encies supportin g the policy


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Financial Allocation foractivities proposed under NUSP

Item Amount(in Rs)

National Awareness Generation Campaign Rs 11.75 crore

State strategies and city sanitation plans Rs 20.50 crore

Rating and National Award Scheme Rs 15.50 crore

Capacity building and training Rs 4.25 crore

Others (workshops, etc.) Rs 1 crore

National Adv i sory Gr ou p on Urb an Sanitation to a ss i st in th e im pl em entation of th e p olicy.


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The Nirmal Shahar PuraskarReward Scheme

Nirm a l Sha ha r Pur a ska r: A reward scheme for cities achievingsanitation outcomes

y W hy a rating of cities?

Mobilize cities on a competitive basis to rapidly promote andachieve measurable milestones in urban sanitation

y Recognize excellent performance in this area

y Outputs, Processes and Outcomes leading to 100 per cent saf e

d i sp osal of w a st es f r om th e cit y on a sustaina b l e b a si sy Currently ongoing for 436 Cities in year 1 and will be gradually

scaled up to cover all 5000+ urban centers


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Milestones for 100% Sanitation

Goa l Milestone

Open Defecation Free Totally free from open defecation;

Sanitary collection and treatment of 100percent human excreta and waste water

W astewater and Drainage safely managed All grey water collected and disposed off safely;

All storm water is properly managed

Solid W aste collected and disposed off fullyand safely

100 percent of solid waste is collected anddisposed safely & regularly (including reuse);

Services to the Poor and Systems for

Sustaining Results

Robust processes and systems in place in the

city for the sustenance of resultsSpecial attention to the un-served and urbanpoor.

Improved Public Health Outcomes andEnvironmental Standards

The city shows sustained improvements inpublic health indicators

Improved environmental standards


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Indicators for Rating of Cities

Three M a in Ca te gories of Indic a tors:

Output related: 9 indicators of 50 marks out of 100 marks

Process related: 7 indicators of 30 marks out of 100 marks

Outcome related 3 indicators of 20 marks out of 100 marks


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Unique Color coding of Cities

City Colour Codes: C a te goriesNo. Ca te gory Description

1 RedLess than 33 M a rks

Cities on the brink of publichealth and environmental

emergency ; needingimmediate remedial action

2 Black34 66 M a rks

Needing considerableImprovements

3 Blue67 to 90 Ma rks

Recovering but still diseased

4 Green91 to 100 Ma rks

Healthy and Clean city


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Distribution of Cities across Population Size-Classes

P opulationSize Class

P opulation Size No. of UrbanAgglomerations/Towns

1 Metros More than 5 million 6

2 Big Class I One million up to 5 million 29

3 Other Class I 1,00,000 up to One Million 401

Source : Census of India, 2001. Note : Metros house 60 million and Big Class I another 48 million people.


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Distribution of Cities across the five packagesZ one States No. of Urban

Agglomerations/Towns

1 North Jammu and Kashmir, HimachalPradesh, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and Delhi

88

2 East and NorthEast

North Eastern States, Bihar,Jharkhand and West Bengal

93

3 Central andSouth Central

Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,Andhra Pradesh and Orissa

104

4 West Maharashtra, Gujarat and Rajasthan 69

5 South Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradeshand Pondicherry

84


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National Urban Sanitation Policy 2.8.10

Documents

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