The implications of Open Notebook Science and other new forms of

scientific communication for Nanoinformatics

Jean-Claude Bradley

November 3, 2010

Nanoinformatics 2010

Associate Professor of ChemistryDrexel University

LIMS CENS

Single Instrument Automation

Laboratory Information Management Systems

Collaborative Electronic Notebook Systems

Human /Autonomous Agent Hybrid Systems

Human ManagedFully AutonomousScientific Research Systems

TODAY

SMIRP bridge

The Evolution of Automation in Scientific Research

StandardModularIntegratedResearchProtocols

Capturing semantic structure in research

at the point of data entry

HumanAgent

AutonomousAgent

SMIRP

(Bot)

Browser

Excel

The SMIRP model for a hybrid Human/Autonomous Agent System

Anthropomimetic Design

Approaches to Collaborative Electronic Notebooks

rigid

SMIRPcompromise:Rigid information representationFlexible linking of modules

flexible

• Structured• Generallydomainspecific

• Adaptable• Unstructured

http://smirp.drexel.edu

Fundamental Information Representation in SMIRP

Module 1 Module 2

Parameter 1

Parameter 2

Parameter 4

Parameter 5

instance

Record 1

instance

Record 2

(People)

(Name)

(Employee of)

(Company)

(Name)

Parameter 3(email)

(Address)

Bill Gates Microsoft

Two approaches to the development of databases

Communicateanticipated need

Designdatabase structure

Let database structureevolvethrough useSMIRP

Case-study: Evolution of SMIRP structure in a nanoscience laboratory

Location Drexel UniversityDepartment of Chemistry

Users faculty, undergraduate students, graduatestudents, librarians and other university personnel

Period Feb 1999 – April 2001, with a detailed focus onlast 7 months (Sept 2000-April 2001)

Total accounts (last 7 months) 78

Active Accounts (added records) 50

Administrators (changed database structure)

9

HumanResource Management 13%

Maintenance1%

Knowledge Processing 72%

Most Active Module Categories (9/00 – 4/01)

Labwork14%

118 modules 1/3 account for 98% of activity

Activity Analysis by Category over Time

20

00

-10

-3

20

00

-10

-17

20

00

-10

-30

20

00

-11

-12

20

00

-11

-25

20

00

-12

-8

20

00

-12

-21

20

01

-1-3

20

01

-1-1

6

20

01

-1-3

0

20

01

-2-1

2

20

01

-2-2

5

20

01

-3-1

0

20

01

-3-2

3

20

01

-4-5

20

01

-4-1

8

Maintenance

Human Resource Management

Laboratory Work

Knowledge Processing0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

Recruitment events 2%

ProjectManager 5%Errors

5%

Productivity Tracking 14%

People 28%

Workstudy hours reporting 46%

Most Active Human Resource Management Modules

Most Active Maintenance Modules

SMIRPProblems22%

Orders 19%

Invoice (TEM/SEM and other instrument charges) 19%

Laboratorymaterials16%

Vendor15%

Orderforms9%

Most Active Knowledge Processing Modules

Journal 9%

Knowledge Filter 3%

ReformatReference requests 20%Find

Reference 66%

PublisherDocument ProductionReference ProcessingParameter CorrelationData source filesExperimental Conclusion GenerationKnowledge consolidation

Seamless Integration of Human and Autonomous Agents in Workflows

Real-Time Workflow Designs

Automated

Human(default)

State A State B

Workflow for Extraction of Article information and URL

Queries Web and extracts information

Most Active Laboratory Modules

Preparation of Silver rods for SCBETEM Micrographs Of Pd on CSCBE on membranesHydrogenation of Crotonaldehyde using Pd CatalystsReduction of Methylene blue by Pd Metal Particles in a Field

Electrodeposition of Pd on Graphite 29%

Protocol Prototyping25%

Pd onto Carbon Nanofibers17%

Electroless plating on Membranes9%

Synthesis of Pd catalysts by Bipolar electrochemistry5%

TEM Micrographs Of Pd on C3%

Pd particle size analysis using TEM 3%

Keyword Search Results: example “nanotube”

From Keyword to Orders

From Keyword to Article

From Keyword to Knowledge Filter

From Keyword to Protocol Prototyping

Sharing results semi-automatically: SMIRP Knowledge Product

•Single Experiment•Full Context•Supporting Data•Not suitable for traditional peer-reviewed publications

Non-traditional publication options in 2003

(Elsevier)

To Cite or Not to Cite?

“I would never consider a claim made in a patent as blocking an author's claim of novelty.” Langmuir Editor

What is a Scientific Precedent in Academia?

What is a Scientific Precedent in Patent Law?

What is Scholarship?*also indexed in Chemical Abstracts!

The UsefulChem Project (2005)

What would happen if a chemistry project was completely transparent

in real time?

Motivation: Faster Science, Better Science

TRUST

PROOF

First record then abstract structure

In order to be discoverable use Google friendly formats (simple HTML, no

login) In order to be replicable use free hosted tools (Wikispaces, Google

Spreadsheets)

Strategy for an Open Notebook:

UsefulChem Project: Open Primary Research in Drug Design using Web2.0

tools

Docking

Synthesis

Testing

Rajarshi GuhaIndiana U

JC BradleyDrexel U

Phil RosenthalUCSF

(malaria)

Dan ZaharevitzNCI

(tumors)

Tsu-Soo TanNanyang Inst.

Malaria Target: falcipain-2 involved in hemoglobin metabolism

Dana.org

Outcome of Guha-Bradley-Rosenthal collaboration

The Ugi reaction: can we predict precipitation?

Can we predict solubility in organic solvents?

Crowdsourcing Solubility Data

ONS Challenge Judges

ONS Submeta Award Winners

Data provenance: From Wikipedia to…

…the lab notebook and raw data

• Concentration (0.4, 0.2, 0.07 M)• Solvent (methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, THF)• Excess of some reagents (1.2 eq.)

How does Open Notebook Science fit with traditional publication?

Paper written on Wiki

References to papers, blog posts, lab notebook pages, raw

data

Paper on Journal of Visualized Experiments (JoVE)

Pre-print on Nature Precedings

ONSArchive: Semi-Automated Snapshot of the Entire Scientific Record

Automated Download of

Spreadsheets and Parsing of

Web Pages

Manual Backup of Spectral Data Files

Manual

Export of

Wikispace

s

Lulu.com Data Disks

Interactive NMR spectra using JSpecView and JCAMP-DX

Raw Data As Images

Splatter?

Some liquid

YouTube for demonstrating experimental set-up

The importance of raw data availability

Missed in a prior publication on

solubility for this compound

The Intersection of Open Notebooks (Bradley/Todd) and IP implications

Open Notebook could have blocked patent

if done earlier

Convenient web services for solubility measurement and

prediction

(Andrew Lang)

Other Web Services…

(Andrew Lang)

General Transparent Solubility Prediction

Semi-Automated Measurement of solubility via

web service analysis of JCAMP-DX files

(Andy Lang)

Integration of Multiple Web Services to Recommend Solvents

for Reactions

(Andrew Lang)

Reaction Attempts Book

Reaction Attempts Book: Reactants listed Alphabetically

For all Formats of ONS Projects

Dynamic links to private tagged Mendeley collections

(Andrew Lang)

Conclusions

• Open Notebook Science can provide an additional channel to communicate useful scientific information

• Recording first for human consumption followed by abstracting the semantics later works but the format will be field specific

• As long as proof is valued over trust there is no limit to what useful forms of scientific communication will emerge.