BANCROFTIANAN E W S L E T T E R O F T H E F R I E N D S O F T H E B A N C R O F T L I B R A R Y

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The Art of Giving

Continued on page 3

Donors make the cultural world goround. For almost a century, a loyal

group of library supporters has madeBancroft much more than it could everpossibly have been if its only support hadbeen from the state.

Bancroft’s exhibit gallery recently fea-tured its annual display of “Gifts to TheBancroft Library.” The showing of giftsfrom the previous year included rarebooks, manuscripts, photographs, illustra-tions, letters, diaries, and other docu-ments. There was no common theme tothe exhibit except that all items were gifts.The donor of every item was identifiedon the descriptive label. An exhibit is oneof the ways the library celebrates and be-stows honor on its donors who delight inthe “gift of giving.”

There are many kinds of gifts. Somedonors buy an item and donate it toBancroft. Others bring his or her particu-lar historical volume, journal, or series ofletters to one of the curators to be consid-ered and offered to the library. In othercases, a patron will choose to establish afund, named by the donor, to help main-tain and extend a donated collection.

In a very real sense, endowments arethe gifts that keeps on giving. The Uni-versity has exercised laudable stewardshipof its endowment funds. The principal iscarefully invested, a percentage of incomeand appreciation is returned to capital asa hedge against inflation, and the remain-ing revenues are made available forBancroft’s use. In this way, endowmentfunds maintain and increase their pur-chasing power, ensuring that the initialgift will serve the donors’ intentions in

perpetuity.Endowments can also serve other

purposes: conservation and restorationof collections, improvements and up-keep of the building, library fellowshipsand prizes, funding for general support,and support for positions (NormanStrouse endowed the James D. Hart Di-rectorship of The Bancroft Library). Partof the art of giving is finding the best ac-commodation of the donors’ vision withthe library’s needs.

Bancroft is one of the most heavilyused special collections libraries in thecountry, serving students and faculty atBerkeley and attracting researchers andmembers of the general public fromacross the nation and around the globe.Because of its liberal access policies and

on-line cataloguing, Bancroft is not agraveyard for cultural artifacts. The col-lections live on because the fresh ideas ofnew generations of scholars keep themrelevant.

Bancroft is a collection of collections.The original Bancroft Collection docu-ments the history of western NorthAmerica, from Panama to Alaska andfrom the Rockies to Hawaii, but withspecial emphasis on California andMexico. The Rare Book and LiteraryManuscript collections include medievalmanuscripts, incunabula (books pro-duced before 1501), the history, litera-ture, and scholarship of the Renaissance,the 18th-century Enlightenment, andbooks and manuscripts of many majorauthors. Writers with a California con-nection are a specialty: Ambrose Bierce,Bret Harte, Jack London, Frank Norris,Joan Didion, Maxine Hong Kingston,

Alexandre Martin. Manuel de L’Amateur de Cafe, Ou, L’Art de Prendre Toujours de Bon Cafe: OuvrageContenant Plusieurs Procedes Nouveaux, Faciles et Economiques, Pour Preparer le Cafe et en Rendre laBoisson Plus Saine et Plus Agreable... Paris: Audot, 1828. Joseph M. Bransten Memorial Fund.

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From the Director

bancroft.berkeley.edu / The Bancroft Press

This past fall we devoted a greatdeal of attention to the upcoming

renovation of the Doe Annex, Bancroft’shome, the Bancroft Centennial Cam-paign to fund the project (going verywell, thank you; $14 million in pledgesand gifts as we go to press, of a total of$20 million needed), and the plans forBancroft’s ongoing operations, especiallypublic services, while we are out of thebuilding, from roughly June 2005through December 2006.

As we begin to plan Bancroft’soperations during the renovation,however, it has become quite clear thatit won’t be business as usual. Currentarrangements are for Bancroft’s variousunits to be spread from one end of thecampus to the other: The Mark TwainPapers and Project will be housed in thebrand new building on the corner ofOxford Street and Hearst Avenue. TheRegional Oral History Office, alongwith the offices of University LibrarianTom Leonard and the library’s informa-tion systems staff, will move to EvansHall, the large and singularly gracelessbuilding just to the northeast of the DoeAnnex. Bancroft’s technical services andadministrative offices will move to a setof temporary metal buildings just westof the Hearst gymnasium.

Bancroft’s reading room and otherpublic services—what most people thinkof as Bancroft—will relocate, perhaps tothe space now occupied by the MusicLibrary on the second floor of MorrisonHall before the latter’s move into thenew Jean Hargrove Music Librarybuilding.

All of this is simply to say that whilethe renovation project is going on,

physical access to Bancroft’s collectionswill of necessity be limited. Fortunately,since the late 1980s Bancroft has beenengaged in a systematic effort toprovide electronic access to its hold-ings, first by converting the card file tomachine-readable form (Bancroft wasthe first special collections library in theworld to do this), then by making itsfinding aids or inventories of manu-script and archival collections availableon the Web (Bancroft and MainLibrary staff developed the EncodedArchival Description standard, sinceadopted by the Library of Congress,specifically for this purpose), andfinally by digitizing significant portionsof our collections for web publication.

All of these electronic resources areavailable to researchers, students, andthe general public through the OnlineArchive of California (OAC) via Ban-croft’s website, bancroft.berkeley.edu.The earliest of the virtual collections(1994–1997) was CalHeritage, a proof-of-concept pilot project that selectedalmost 30,000 images from 200different Bancroft collections. Sincethen we have focused more narrowly onspecific collections or themes. Thus the“Japanese American Relocation DigitalArchive” offers more than 7,000 imagesfrom the various relocation campsduring World War II, while the “Chi-nese in California 1850–1925” websiteprovides access to a rich collection oftexts and images drawn from thecollections of Bancroft, Cal’s EthnicStudies Library, and the CaliforniaHistorical Society.

Bancroft also has a long history ofmaking its collections available in print,and the recent past has seen a revitaliza-tion of our traditional publicationprogram. The Mark Twain Project hasjust released three volumes, includingthe new scholarly edition of TheAdventures of Huckleberry Finn, volume6 of Mark Twain’s Letters (1874–1875),

and Is He Dead? A Comedy in Three Acts,an unpublished play headed for a Broad-way tryout. Scheduled for fall 2004 is theProject’s first book designed for anonscholarly audience, Mark Twain’sHelpful Hints for Good Living: A Hand-book for the Damned Human Race. Recentoral histories include those of artistsDavid Ireland and Stanley Galli, Bakers-field rancher George Nickel, Asian ArtMuseum founder Marjorie Bissinger, andSan Francisco lawyer and former chair ofthe UC Board of Regents WilliamCoblentz. The Friends themselvescontinue to produce annual Keepsakes,most recently Mark Twain Press Critic, aset of three unpublished pieces withnotes by University Librarian andProfessor of Journalism Tom Leonard.

Bancroft has also begun to forgeinnovative partnerships with otherpublishers. Thus Bear in Mind, edited bySusan Snyder, Bancroft’s Head of PublicServices, was co-published withBerkeley’s Heyday Press; and Bancroft’smanuscript of unpublished poetry ofclassic Mexican author José JoaquínFernández de Lizardi, edited by NancyVogeley (U. of San Francisco), came outin a co-edition with the UniversidadNacional Autónoma de México. Finally, along-sought goal to provide high-qualityreproductions of Bancroft’s prints,posters, paintings, and other pictorialmaterials has been met through thecollaboration with online retailerzazzle.com.

In short, Bancroft will be gone fromits accustomed location in the center ofcampus for a while, but thanks to thevitality of our digitization and publishingprograms we shall continue to provideaccess to the marvelous riches entrustedto our care.

Charles B. FaulhaberThe James D. Hart Director

The Bancroft Library

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and many Beat Generation authors, forexample.

The History of Science and Technol-ogy collections contain manuscripts, rarebooks, and oral histories focusing on20th-century American science andtechnology, including physics, chemistry,and biotechnology. The Pictorial Collec-tion documents the history of Californiaand the West through paintings, draw-ings, photographs, and other graphicmaterials. The University Archives docu-ments the history of the University ofCalifornia, and specifically the Berkeleycampus.

Research programs include the MarkTwain Papers and Project, the RegionalOral History Office, and the Center forthe Tebtunis Papyri—the largest collec-tion of papyrus documents in the West-ern hemisphere, with more than 30,000fragments dating from 300 B.C.E. to300 C.E.

Who built the magnificent collec-tions of The Bancroft Library? Over thelast hundred years (Bancroft will cel-ebrate its centennial in 2005-2006)thousands of donors have supported thelibrary with gifts of collections or funds.The first donor was Hubert HoweBancroft himself, who donated$100,000, so that the University couldafford to purchase his library, whichcontained a wealth of books, manu-scripts, and transcripts of interviews withoriginal settlers to the American west. At

the beginning of the 20th century,Phoebe Apperson Hearst donatedfunds for an archaeological expeditionto Egypt that brought back theTebtunis Papyri, much of it rare day-to-day information wrapped aroundmummified crocodiles. In 1956, Uni-versity Regent James Moffitt not onlydonated his book collection but also setup an endowment in memory of hiswife to maintain and build the collec-tion. As a result Bancroft has a com-plete collection of the Roman poetHorace—one of Moffitt’s passions.

Samuel L. Clemens’s daughter,Clara, generously donated his privatepapers in 1949 to form the massivecore of the world-renowned MarkTwain Papers and Project. Bancroft’sMichael B. Frank and Harriet ElinorSmith recently received the ModernLanguage Association’s Morton N.Cohen Award for Volume 6 of theProject’s ongoing publication of’MarkTwain’s Letters.

In 1972, Robert Bransten (the B inMJB Coffee) donated his collection of81 rare books on the history of coffeeand tea and an endowment to maintainthe collection, which now numbersnearly 400 titles. Thanks to his generos-ity, Bancroft’s collection is among thebest coffee collections and is widelyused.

One of the great donors to the li-brary in the last decade was Jean FactorStone, the widow of novelist IrvingStone, who donated not only herhusband’s manuscripts and correspon-dence, but also his research library andnearly 500 editions and translations ofhis books. She then funded a seminarroom to house the materials. Mrs. Stone,who was a terrific fundraiser, encouragedothers to donate by telling them, “TheBancroft Library is offering you a littlebit of eternity.”

Contributions to Bancroft supportthe acquisition, preservation, and re-search of priceless and often irreplaceablepieces of our heritage. As Irving Stone’swidow indicates, in addition to the per-sonal pleasure one receives from the act

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of giving to the well-being of the com-munity, there is further public or anony-mous (if preferred) acknowledgement tofamily and friends of one’s values andone’s contribution to the strength of ourcommon heritage. Gifts come in manyforms: archives, books, scrapbooks, cash,stocks, and estate planning. TheBancroft Library staff can happily adviseon the process of making each kind ofgift.

As Bancroft’s 100th birthday ap-proaches, it is appropriate that we re-member the wealth of donations thathave made Bancroft a great repositoryof the material evidence of our collectivecreative energy. Bancroft is an interna-tionally recognized jewel. In the recentaward notice of the National Endow-ment for the Humanities $750,000challenge grant, NEH Director BruceCole cited a reviewer who describedBancroft’s collections as “unique, irre-placeable, and of stellar quality.” Eachgeneration has made contributions thathave burnished the Bancroft jewel. Ourgeneration must do as well in our re-newal of The Bancroft Library, as weprepare to house that jewel in a mannerconsistent with its value.

—Camilla Smithwith Stephen Vincent and Anthony Bliss

Front cover of a juvenile chapbook, History of Birds.London: Printed by Knight and Bagster, for J. Davis,ca. 1830. Gift of Professor Arthur L.-F. Askins.

Front cover of Two Little Navahos Dip Their Sheep,Illustrations by Jane Bateman, Written by Eva L.Butler. New York: Grossett, 1937. Gift of Betty HoagMcGynn.

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Journal of a Trip to California“In the year of Our Lord 1852 the Gold excitement in California stillcontinues to exist and thousands of people have here to fore and are stillemigrating to that Country.”

So begins Aaron D. Riker’s journal on his adventures west overland from Ohioand his return journey through Nicaragua with brother John F. Riker and friendD. E. Lichliter.

Donated by Nancy Henderson Peterson to Bancroft in 2002 along witha copy of John F. Riker’s journal, Aaron D. Riker’s original journal adds to ourexpansive collection of California Gold Rush diaries. Riker’s descriptions of hissurroundings give insights into how the foreign Anglo-Americans viewed theland, the animals, and, most of all, the people.

2nd [July 1852] soon after leaving Camp this morning a lone Indian came outof the cedar thicket I shook hands with him. He appeared verry [sic] friendly. Iasked him what tribe he belonged to he answered Snake Indian. Then beggedfor Tobacco. . . After leaving this point we found the road hilly and stony to Oregon or Stony Creek the first watersthat flow into the Columbia River. Here we seen the first Digger Indian and an awful looking being he was to behad no article of clothing on except a shirt that some emigrant had thrown away. We had some sport with thisfellow. . .

While Aaron D. Riker’s journal echoes the thoughts and feelings of many other gold rush diaries, it is useful for itsdescriptions and as a comparison. The journal is distinctive for Aaron’s accounts through Nicaragua, which was a rareundertaking for travel between the east and west coasts.

Aaron D. Riker returned to Ohio on December 3, 1853, with no regrets and happy to be home again. “And I find itmuch pleasenter living in the society of those we love than to be separated thousands of miles . . .”

—Alison Bridger, Bancroft Technical Services

An undated photographic portrait of Aaron D.Riker, from Banc Mss 2003/160 cz, the Aaron D.Riker Journal to California, Mss., 1852-1853.

Bear in Mind: The California Grizzly, edited by SusanSnyder and published by Heyday Press of Berkeley, California,is now available.

http://www.heydaybooks.com/public/books/bim.html

Bear in Mind is the story of the California grizzly bear.Once arguably the most powerful and terrifying animal in theCalifornia landscape, he now lives in the imagination, adisembodied symbol of the romantic West. Bear in Mind isalso a portal to one of California’s great resources, The BancroftLibrary. More than 150 images from the library’s archives andcollections—newspaper illustrations from the gold rush,paintings from early scientific expeditions, photo albums, sheetmusic, settlers’ diaries, fruit-crate labels, and more—accom-pany the bear stories of Indians, explorers, vaqueros, forty-niners, and naturalists, among others. The result is a uniquelycompelling natural history, a grand book worthy of its subject.

Bear in Mind will appear in the prestigious Rounce &Coffin Club 2004 Western Books Exhibition. Rounce &Coffin considers “original and innovative techniques ofbook design and production, as well as traditional examplesof fine book manufacture.”

Bear in Mind: The California Grizzly

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The Legacy of Edward Oscar Heinrich

The advent of DNA has revolution-ized forensics, resulting in recent

trends to re-examine unsolved, “cold-case” homicides. Similarly, the applica-tion of DNA technology has led to thereversal in over one hundred cases ofwrongful convictions as the innocenthave been freed from prison cells andeven death row.

The public’s fascination with murderand forensics is not new, however.During the “Roaring Twenties,” other-wise common murders became nationalheadlines as the newspapers sensational-ized names like Sacco and Vanzetti,among others. Anyone with a test tubeand a camera could hire out as an expertto examine evidence in criminal proceed-ings, and many did.

In Berkeley, the work of EdwardOscar Heinrich laid the foundation forthe future of professional forensicsciences. From his laboratory, Heinrichrepeatedly demonstrated the value ofscientific examination of trace evidence ashis meticulous inspections provided thenecessary links between the crime andsuspects. As a result, his work was indemand by prosecutors and defenseattorneys alike throughout the West.Heinrich became the focus of numerousmagazine articles, newspaper accounts,and Sunday supplements as the part-timeCal professor garnered national fame.

Heinrich graduated from UCBerkeley with a degree inchemistry in 1908, a long stepfrom his arrival just a few yearsearlier with no high schooldiploma and lacking the fare toreturn home. He subsequentlyheld a number of positions invarious cities where he learned tocombine his interest in chemistrywith criminal investigation anddetection.

After serving as Chief ofPolice in Alameda, Heinrich ultimatelyreturned to the laboratory to pursue hischosen avocation. In October 1925, themurders of Henry Sweet and CarmenWagner near Eureka fostered nationalheadlines. Two local mixed-blood NativeAmericans, Jack Ryan and Walter Davidwere arrested for the crime. Called “half-breeds” in the press, evidence of theirguilt was lacking and the districtattorney called upon Heinrich forassistance. David was released but Ryanwas charged with the murder of the girlafter Heinrich identified a bulletrecovered from the victim and shellcasings found near her body as firedfrom Ryan’s gun. The politics of Prohibi-tion as well as perjury and plantedevidence tainted the case, however, and ajury of 12 white men acquitted Ryanafter short deliberation.

Within months, a new D.A. waselected on a promise to solve the case orresign within two years. After theprosecutor’s men purportedly torturedand murdered David, Ryan was chargedwith assaulting two young girls. Main-taining his innocence, Ryan pled guiltyto escape Humboldt County. Followingan all-night, third-degree interrogationand swift court proceedings, Jack Ryanpled guilty to the Sweet murder and wassentenced to life in prison —all within24 hours. Ryan later repudiated hisconfession, but spent over 40 years inprison. He always maintained he did notcommit the crimes and did not know

who did.After Heinrich died in 1953, his

records and case files were donated to TheBancroft Library. These documents are asnapshot in time, a forensic treasure vaultof ageless value. Included were originalnotes, reports, photographs, correspon-dence, and other evidence from Ryan’scase. They became a cornerstone for aunique investigation begun 30 years later.

For over a decade, through an unoffi-cial inquiry I tracked down originalparticipants and buried records. Thisinquiry became perhaps America’s oldestactive homicide investigation, revealingRyan’s innocence while detailing thecorruption surrounding his convictionand identifying the real killers. Thetimeless value of the Heinrich files wasevidenced on April 15, 1996, whenGovernor Pete Wilson acknowledgedCalifornia’s contrition:

“Unfortunately, we cannot do justicefor Jack Ryan, the man. But we can dojustice for Jack Ryan, the memory. Andby doing so, we breathe vitality into oursystem of justice. We must remember thata just society may not always achievejustice, but it must constantly strive forjustice. This means that we must notexcuse the guilty nor fail to exonerate theguiltless. . . Therefore, so that justice ismaintained, I grant Jack Ryan posthu-mously a pardon based on innocence.”

—Richard H. Walton

Edward Oscar Heinrich, ’08, Handwriting Analyst, CaliforniaMonthly, University of California, Berkeley: California AlumniAssociation, April, 1941, p. 20.

Advertisement for Criminologist, CaliforniaMonthly, University of California, Berkeley:California Alumni Association, June, 1935, p. 5.

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A War Over Pastries“CITIZENS OF DURANGO: Bygreat force the French have taken overthe fortress of Ulúa: 300 Mexicanshave gloriously lost their lives incombat…DURANGOITES, TOARMS! The war cry has sounded, theinvaders with one hand offer you acrushing chain and with the otherthreaten you with death. Will yousurrender? No! You are free…uniteyourselves with your brothers, do notspare means or sacrifice; you are goingto fight for nothing less than for yourINDEPENDENCE that we willrecover with much anguish andstreams of blood…let us show themthat when one tries to threaten themass of the Mexicans, with a foreignyoke, they are compact in only oneopinion, only one vote, and united inthe shout of INDEPENDENCE orDEATH.”

And so, a plea was made to go tothe aid of the residents of the State ofVeracruz, who had been attacked bythe invading French. The Pastry Warof 1838-1839 arose from the wide-spread civil disorders that plagued theearly years of the Mexican Republic.Foreigners whose property had beendamaged or destroyed by rioters wereusually unable to obtain any compen-sation from the Mexican government,and they began to appeal to their owngovernments for help. A French pastrycook, who claimed that lootingMexican soldiers had ruined his shop,appealed to France’s King Louis-Philippe.

Coming to its citizen’s aid, Francedemanded 600,000 pesos in damages.When the payment was not forthcom-ing, the French sent a fleet to enforce ablockade of all Mexican ports, fromthe Yucatán to the Rio Grande, and tobombard the Mexican fortress of SanJuan de Ulúa, which guardedVeracruz. By the afternoon of Novem-

ber 28th 1838,the Frenchwere in posses-sion. Mean-while, actingwithoutexplicit govern-ment authority,Antonio Lópezde Santa Annaled Mexicanforces againstthe French. Ina skirmish,Santa Annawas woundedin a leg, whichhad to beamputated.

In hisHistory ofMexico,Volume 5,Hubert HoweBancroft adds,

“At Mexico[City] the newsevoked…thedeclaration ofwar. Orderswere issued to strengthen the coastdefenses. Additional troops were leviedand several volunteer corps formed.An attendant feature was the expul-sion of French residents…enforcedwith a certain harshness.” Before SantaAnna’s forces were able to rid Mexicoof the intruders, President AnastasioBustamante, through the good officesof Great Britain, promised to pay the600,000 pesos, and the French forceswithdrew. The most importantdomestic result of the conflict was thefurther enhancement of the prestigeand political influence of the woundeddictator, Santa Anna. However,Bancroft reveals a lesser know side ofMexican history in his account of

Santa Anna and the Pastry War.This is but one example among the

152 minutely-detailed documents,which can be found in a newly-cataloged collection entitled Colecciónde decretos: Estado de Durango (pfF1203.C594). These broadsideshighlight armed insurrections andmultiple coups against Durango’smilitary and civilian leaders, and thedeteriorating political relations withthe United States, which led up to theBattle of the Alamo and the outbreakof the Mexican War of 1846-1848.

—Tiffany Harrison2003 Summer Intern, The Bancroft Library

Durango (Mexico: State). El Ecsmo. Ayuntamiento de Esta Capital a SusConciudadanos. Victoria de Durango: Imprenta del gbierno, 1838. BancroftpfF 1203. C594 no.118

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Bancroftiana from time to time publishes lists of books that the library needs.We would be particularly pleased to receive gifts of any of the books listedbelow. If you can help, please telephone Bonnie Bearden, Rare Books Acquisi-tions Assistant, (510) 642-8171, or you may send a fax to (510) 643-2548, orsend e-mail to: bbearden@library.berkeley.edu

We would like to thank all of the many donors who have responded to thearticle on the Baedeker guidebooks that we have begun to collect. There are stillmany gaps, so please consider giving the library your old guidebooks.

Desiderata

RARE / LITERARY

Beatitude. San Francisco: 1969—Lack issues nos. 2, 12. (We are slowly filling in the gaps in this seminalSan Francisco beat magazine. We received issue number 1 from Carolyn M. Jonesin 2002.)

California Feminist Presses:Along with the other UC libraries, Bancroft is acquiring all of the published work andarchives of specific California presses. We find there are many retrospective titles,however, that we lack. The publishers often do not have all of their back titles either,so we are hoping some of you can help us fill in the gaps.

Post Apollo Press:Adnan, Etel. Sitt Marie Rose. 1990.Vitray-Meyerovitch, Eva de. Rumi and Sufism. 1987.

Kelsey St Press:Duane, Kit. A Girl Named Hero. 1976. Mother Earth, Father Time. 1977.Rosenwasser, Rena. Elephants & Angels. 1984.Dienstfrey, Patricia. Small Salvations. 1987. Trade and ltd. ed.Kizer, Carolyn. The Ungrateful Garden.

Third Woman Press:Umpierre, Luz Maria. Y Otras Desgracias (And other misfortunes), 1985.The Blickling Homilies: The John H. Scheide Library, Titusville, Pennsylvania. Editedby Rudolph Willard. Copenhagen: Rosenkilde and Bagger, 1960. Series title: EarlyEnglish Manuscripts in Facsimile; v. 10.

Hass, Robert. Field Guide. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1973. Hdbd ed.First edition of Hass’s first book, issued simultaneously in paper and hardcover.Bancroft lacks the hardcover edition.

Hejinian, Lyn. Wicker: A Collaborative Poem. Boulder: Rodent Press, 1996.Laughing Horse. Lack nos. 16, 21

Lenglet Dufresnoy, Nicolas, 1674-1755. Recueils de Dissertations Anciennes etNouvelles, Sur les Apparitions, les Visions et les Songes. Avignon, Leloup, 1751.

Matrix (Andoversford, England). Whittington Press. No. 3 of this fine printing/literary magazine never arrived on our standing order and is not available from thepublisher.

WESTERN AMERICANA

Abbey, Edward. The Brave Cowboy; An Old Tale in a New Time. NY: Dodd, Mead, 1956.Andrade, Mary J. Cinco de Mayo en San Jose. Los Gatos, CA: Village Printers, 1987.Beverly, Bob. Hobo of the Rangeland. Lovington, NM: 1940.California State Water Project Atlas. Sacramento: The Dept. 1999.Euryalus: Tales of the Sea: A Few Leaves From the Diary of a Midshipman. London: J.D.Potter, 1860.

New KeepsakeThe forty-seventh keepsake of the Friendsof The Bancroft Library, Mark Twain:Press Critic, includes two previouslyunpublished essays by America’s favoriteauthor, “Interviewing the Interviewer”and “The American Press.” UniversityLibrarian and Professor of JournalismThomas C. Leonard offers an introduc-tion that explores Twain’s “lifelong worryover the American press.”

Copies of this volume were recentlymailed to members of the Friends for the2001-2002 year. Additional copies areavailable from the Bancroft online store:http://stores.yahoo.com/bancroft-store/

Cover, Mark Twain: Press Critic, 2003,The Bancroft Library.

Manuscript, “Interviewing the Interviewer,” 1870.

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Students Practice History in Bancroft

Last year, 160 students in “ThePractice of History” (History R1)

logged many, many hours in Bancroft,studying hundreds of old, obscure, andoften fascinating documents andrecords relating to the history of Cal.In fact, so assiduously did they ”“prac-tice” history, the Edward H. HellerReading Room was filled to capacityon four successive days in April—acondition that only a few “old timers”can recall having happened in the past.What was this all about?

According to the General Catalogue,the purpose of History R1 is tointroduce students to historiography.

Usually, the professors assign readingsin standard, classical historical textsand conduct class discussions of howthe authors interpreted and debatedthe past and how they gathered andmade use of their materials andsources.

This time, Professors DavidHenken, Randolph Starn, and JamesVernon wanted to try a differentapproach; they wanted their students

to learn historiography literally bypracticing it. The students would beassigned primary source material inareas of their own choosing and writethe history the documents revealed. Asthe official repository of the Cal’shistorical records, the UniversityArchives in Bancroft holds tens ofthousands of primary sources and,therefore, was perfect for the assign-ment.

The graduate student instructorsfor the course consulted their studentsand the Acting University Archivist todefine eight research topics—one foreach section—related to university

Primarily freshmen and sopho-mores, most of the students were notfamiliar with primary resources, norhad they worked in a special collec-tions library. Accordingly, the ActingUniversity Archivist visited eachsection in advance of the assignmentto describe the materials that had beenselected for the section’s topic, and toexplain library policies and proce-dures. Everything had been carefullyplanned, and at that point it lookedlike a routine job of supporting acourse.

The students were more industri-ous and demanding than anticipated,

however. Severalshowed up in thelibrary before thesection presenta-tions, and manyothers stopped bythe day of the firstlecture. From thereit snowballed; mostafternoons for therest of the monththe reading roomwas packed. Duringthis period thelibrary logged arecord high in use –137 readers regis-tered in one day,and a record 4 dayswith delays inreading room accessbecause of limited

seating capacity.Student requests for additional

materials were only partly the reason.Library restrictions such as the need topage materials from closed stacks orfrom storage and the requirement thatlibrary staff perform all photocopyingwork were factors. Also, the HistoryR1 assignment coincided with assign-ments from two other classes requiringheavy use of Bancroft.

“The Bowl. Memorial Stadium. University of California, Berkeley, Calif.” A color postcard view of the new stadium filled to capacity,circa 1924. Views of California Memorial Stadium, 1923 - [ongoing]. UARC Pic 10D: 39.

history. Topics ranged from campusplanning, buildings, and monumentsto student scrapbooks, sports, residen-tial life, and diversity. A selection ofprimary materials for each topic wasplaced on “Class Hold” so they couldbe paged for students with minimumdelay. It was assumed that thesepreselected materials would satisfymost, if not all, the students’ need forprimary sources.

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Operational restrictions in specialcollections that cause frustration anddelay are important lessons the studentslearned. Library staff, for their part,realized the need for careful schedulingas use of the library by undergraduatesincreases. Staff also discussed thepossibility of offering a course in theuse of primary resources under theauspices of the Teaching Library.

The professors and most of thestudents agreed that the new course was

Annual Freshman–Sophmore Pushball Contest, August 28, 1913. Scores: 17-4; 16-0. Student Scrapbooks of the University ofCalifornia Students, 1878-1940. Number 6: George M. Lindsay Scrapbook, 1917.

Views of California Memorial Stadium, 1923 - [ongoing]. UARC Pic 10D: 40(a). Gift of Robert E. Riley, 1971.

a success. Despite the frustrations,many students experienced the intensepleasure and excitement of workingwith old photographs of Cal, studentscrapbooks from the 19th century, orthe papers of such luminaries as JohnGalen Howard, campus architect andfirst professor of architecture, andDouglas Tilden, member of a distin-guished family and the disabled artistwho created the famous “FootballPlayers” sculpture near the Eucalyptus

Grove and helped found the Califor-nia School for the Deaf and Blind inBerkeley.

Among the comments in studentevaluations were “Absolutely wonder-ful!” and “I really enjoyed usingBancroft; I’m glad it’s open toundergrads.” One who seemedespecially to have acquired an historicconsciousness wrote, “It was awesome[to] actually hold documents thatwere original and actually owned by

the person.”Also rewarding for

staff was the gratitude ofour faculty colleagues,the professors them-selves, who wrote, “Mycolleagues and I weretremendously impressedby the willingness of thelibrary . . . to make ‘thepractice of history’ realand present for so manystudents.”

—David FarrellActing University Archivist

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REGIONAL ORAL HISTORY OFFICE

Richmond Migration: The World War II Experience

The Bancroft Library’s collection ofWorld War II oral histories will

soon be greatly enhanced by the additionof almost fifty interviews with defenseworkers, teachers, police officers, musi-cians—a complete social spectrum of BayArea natives and wartime migrants—telling the story of Richmond, California,and its transformation. The interviewsare part of a collaborative initiative by theCity of Richmond, the National ParkService, and the Regional Oral HistoryOffice to develop an urban national parkcommemorating the World War IIHomefront experience. As an under-graduate student at UC Berkeley’s historydepartment I had the good fortune ofparticipating in ROHO’s project torecord Richmond’s history. Under theadvice of ROHO Director and Berkeleyhistory professor, Richard CándidaSmith, I completed my undergraduatethesis on Richmond’s Mexican commu-nity and Latino defense industry migra-tion. The project was based primarily onnine oral histories conducted over the fallsemester 2002. They will eventually joinBancroft’s collection of interviews docu-menting the World War II era, and

inform the National Park Service andfuture historians in how to best defineLatino contributions to the Homefronteffort.

Put simply, my thesis, entitledRichmond’s Mexican Colonia and WorldWar II Migration, is a comparison andcontrast of the various memories sharedby two Richmond nativesand seven wartime“newcomers,” all but oneborn in the United States.Because of the diversity ofexperiences recounted bythe narrators—whosestates of origin includedColorado, Arizona, andNew Mexico—I aban-doned the notion ofwriting a single history ofRichmond’s Mexicanpopulation during World War II. Thiswas, in part, due to the Kaiser Shipyardsappearing to be a less significant socialspace—where locals and newcomerscame together—than churches, dancehalls, and nightspots. A newcomer fromNew Mexico recalled in an interview:

There was a district that was Mexicanbut we weren’t aware of it because weended up moving in an area wherethere were no Mexican people. Andnot until we went to church at St.Marks, then we see that the wholechurch was full of Mexican people.And then I says, “Oh, OK!”

My interviews suggest that Latinoworkers at the Kaiser shipyards were notdivided into segregated work crews as blacksoften were. Thus, they communed outsideof the workplace at local Mexican movieshowings and at Sunday afternoon dances—tardeadas—in Oakland. Still, I point out inmy thesis that Richmond’s Mexicanresidents did not form a homogenousculture. Several interviewees resisted usingbroad generalizations when describing thecharacter of the community. A Coloradonative discussed identification with tradi-tions maintained by Richmond’s longtimeMexican residents:

In Richmond they used to celebrate[Mexico’s Independence Day], yeah.But the fact is we didn’t even knowwhat it was all about, I didn’t. Backhome there were no [celebrations]like that when we were kids. Throughhistory we read it.

The complete transcripts of interviewsused in my thesis should join Bancroft’scollection next year. To read full text ofthe thesis, please visit:http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/ROHO

—David Washburn, UC Undergraduate

Atchison Village, a Shipyard Housing Project developed by the Housing Authority, City of Richmond, and theUnited States Housing Authority, Defense Housing Project, Federal Works Agency. From the Henry J. KaiserPictorial Collection.

Housing Projects, Forty-Seventh Street and Cutting Boulevard, Richmond YardNumber Four. United States Commission Housing Project, November 1943.

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MARK TWAIN PAPERS

The Curators’ Chickens Come Home to RoostMark Twain’s Satire on Charles A. Dana

A recent major gift to the MarkTwain Papers comes at a moment

when there is not enough room in thisissue to describe the gift as it deserves. Itherefore offer the following as a foretasteof what this gift includes, and promise todescribe its riches in a future issue ofBancroftiana.

The gift comes from Mrs. AnneCushman and consists, in part, of typedcopies of Mark Twain letters and manu-scripts made by or for the author’s firstbiographer, who was also the first curatorof his papers, Albert Bigelow Paine.

In looking through these documentssoon after their arrival I came across atyped copy of an untitled manuscript thathas been in the papers since Paine con-trolled them (1910)—one of several hun-dred such manuscripts Mark Twain wrotebut never published.

I recognized this text because I hadrecently tried to figure out when it waswritten, and because I found (as previouscurators had found) that it was missingpage 3 in its sequence of seventeen pages.The manuscript was a satire directed atCharles A. Dana, editor of the New YorkSun. In it Mark Twain claimed that theSun had published a bogus letter report-ing an interview with him that never tookplace. The explanation, Mark Twain said,was that he was trying to train his goodfriend Dana “to write humorously,” butwithout success.

The best date I could come up withfor the manuscript was sometime be-tween June 1880 and May 1881. Themissing page 3 was still a mystery, andthat made the surviving text somewhatunintelligible.

The Paine typescript caught my eyemainly because it was clipped with thetyped copy of a letter to Mark Twain,with the signature “torn off,” but withthe date of writing at the top: “Dec 30,1880.” The letter writer referred to the

bogus item in the Sun, and said that hehad decided it was “a hoax, a practicaljoke of some wit.” Paine’s typed copy ofthe manuscript was headed “(Answer)”even though that word did not appear inthe original. Paine evidently thought themanuscript was a reply to the 30 Decem-ber letter.

The letter was an easy clue to followup on: I went to see if we had it, filed bydate as it normally would be. There wereonly two letters to Clemens on that date,and one of them had its signature tornoff. But a previous curator, or editor, hadhelpfully recognized the handwriting andidentified Edward H. House as its author.

This was relevant because the manu-script just before the missing page 3 readsas follows: “here is a note from H.; youknow H. well enough to know that hehas a clear judgment; listen to him.” Herefollows a few blank lines onpage 2, then page 4. Herealso Paine’s typed copy said“(Note not found).” Soeven though Paine had themanuscript and the letter inone place, probably in thesame folder, he concludedthat the missing page 3contained a note which wasstill “not found.”

But the illustration be-low shows that the Houseletter to Mark Twain wasthe missing page 3. Usingthe same blue ink he usedin the Dana manuscript,Mark Twain wrote “3” inthe upper right corner, andhe also added several smallrevisions to House’s originaltext. Doubtless he also toreoff the signature to preventHouse from being identi-fied (House became simply“H”).

House’s letter of December 30, 1880, to Mark Twain, who inserted thenumber “3” in the upper right corner. He also slightly revised the text using thesame blue ink he used elsewhere in his manuscript about Charles A. Dana.

I call this the “curators’ chickenscoming home to roost” because it tookmore than one us to cause the problem,but also ultimately to solve it. Almost100 years after Paine made his typedcopy of the manuscript and the letter,those typed copies led me back to theoriginal letter, which had been conscien-tiously separated from the manuscript bysomeone who thought, reasonablyenough, that it had simply been mixedup with it. Once restored, the dated let-ter told us when the bogus letter in theSun must have appeared, and it showedconclusively that composition of themanuscript must have occurred in Janu-ary 1881, after Mark Twain receivedHouse’s letter. The letter itself restoredthe text of the missing page 3, makingthe whole text fully intelligible for thefirst time since Paine first saw it andfailed to quite grasp how the pieces fittogether.

—Robert H. HirstCurator, Mark Twain Papers, andGeneral Editor, Mark Twain Project

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Gift of ??

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J. PyleMr. Bruce Quan, Jr.Professor Judith R. RafteryNancy Hemmings RampaniHoward A. and Gale Bolton RandallWally and Gayle RansomMrs. Sonya RapoportKatherine A. ReaganMr. William S. ReeseProfessor and Mrs. William C. ReevesMr. W. R. ReidelbergerMr. Richard W. ReinhardtDr. Jacqueline S. ReinierElinor ReissProfessor Walter E. RexMiss Flora Elizabeth ReynoldsJudge and Mrs. Richard W. RhodesProf. and Mrs. Nicholas V. RiasanovskyLila S. and Neville RichReverend James D. RichardsonLynn E. and Bernadetta M. RickardMrs. Barbara Hussey RigginsMr. William C. Robbins, IIIMs. Hilda RobbinsAnn and Richard RobertsMrs. Shirlee M. RobertsMs. Justine RobertsMr. and Mrs. Edwin O. Robinson, Jr.Leigh and Ivy RobinsonMary Judith RobinsonLt. Col. Joe Robustellini, USAF (Ret)Thomas and Robin RodgerGeorge and Diana RoedingMr. Thomas W. RogersProfessor Christine A. RosenMr. and Mrs. Paul RosenProfessor Thomas G. RosenmeyerJoseph A. RosenthalMr. Malcolm C. RossMr. and Mrs. John W. RosstonMrs. Gerda RothMr. William Matson RothMr. and Mrs. Michael Rothberg

Ms. Nina RothbergMs. Mary L. RottmanMr. Stephen Todd RudmanThe Rumpole SocietyElmer and Mary RuscoJohn and Millicent RutherfordSalus Mundi FoundationRoger and Jeane SamuelsenDonald A. and Joanne SandstromSan Francisco FoundationMr. Charles W. Savage, IIISave the Redwoods LeagueMr. Tetsubumi K. SayamaMr. George SaywellProf. Emeritus and Mrs. Robert A.

ScalapinoProf. and Mrs. Harry N. ScheiberCaroline and Stuart SchimmelMs. Barbara SchmidtMr. Stuart SchneckThelma SchoonmakerDr. John W. SchulzMr. James Herbert Schwabacher, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. Randall F. SchwabacherHarvey SchwartzJudge and Mrs. William W. SchwarzerMr. and Mrs. John W. SchwerinMr. Donald M. ScottMrs. Stanley ScottKay Sekimachi and Bob StocksdaleMs. Jettie Pierce SelvigMr. David F. SelvinDr. Andrew M. SesslerMs. Susan SeverinJean Hartmann SeymourMuir S. ShankBenjamin and Susan Shapell FoundationCarol Booth SharonMr. and Mrs. Thomas B. ShawEmmet F.X. SheehanShell Oil Company FoundationMr. and Mrs. John J. ShookWalter H. ShorensteinMr. and Mrs. David L. ShortMr. and Mrs. John Robert ShumanRichard and Jill SidemanSierra ClubMr. Ernest J. SilveriaMr. and Mrs. Carl SimmonsMiss Dora G. SimonMr. Michael R. SimsMrs. Helen H. SkovMr. David E.E. SloaneMr. Bruce SmithCamilla and George SmithMr. Paul C. SmithMr. and Mrs. Henry L. SnyderMr. James B. SnyderMargaret M. and William E. SnyderMr. Toby C. Solorzano, Jr.Dr. and Mrs. Deke SonnichsenMr. Manuel C. SotomayorProfessor Michael SouthworthMrs. Sally K. SpadaforeMr. and Mrs. Peter C. SpeersWilliam and Anne SpencerJohn and Marjorie SproulMs. Beatriz St. JohnDr. W. K. StadlerVerne and Jackolyn StadtmanMs. Roberta D. StandishJanet and Alan StanfordMr. Maitland StanleyProfessor and Mrs. Randolph StarnMs. Meg StarrMr. and Mrs. Jack SteadmanMr. James G. Stearns

P A G E 1 5 / S P R I N G 2 0 0 4

N E W S L E T T E R O F T H E F R I E N D S O F T H E B A N C R O F T L I B R A R Y

Mary Angelo SteelMs. Lillian StefanoMr. Bernard L. SteinThe Harold & Mimi Steinberg

Charitable TrustMr. Jeffrey SteinbrinkMr. George E. SteinmetzMr. Philip StephanMs. Mary E. StephensCharles and Tracy StephensonMrs. Carl W. SternMrs. Jessa L. Stevenson DollMs. Carolyn StoneMr. Daniel E. StoneMr. William Thomas StoneMrs. Sharon F. StrongSun MicrosystemsEleanor H. SwentMr. David M. SzewczykJudge Jacqueline TaberMs. Grace K. TakeuchiMs. Jan TalbertMr. Robert M. TanemMr. Charles TanenbaumMs. Nadine TangMr. G. T. TanselleProfessor Bernard TaperMs. Ann Sheldon TaylorFrancis and Betty Lou TaylorMr. J. Curtiss TaylorMrs. Thomas C. TaylorMr. Jack K. TelianThe David Terreo FoundationKatharine W. ThompsonVirginia J. ThompsonMs. Marie Condon ThorntonThe Estate of Gladys TildenMr. T.M. TobinProfessor Stephen Tobriner

Dr. Howard E. TompkinsMr. Gary Jerome TorreProf. and Mrs. Charles H. TownesMs. Carole A. TravisMrs. Karen J. TraynorMrs. Forrest E. TregeaMs. Elizabeth K. TreguboffProfessor E. Marc TreibMs. Mary TrotterMr. Edward L. TuckerRobert and Joyce TuftsRobert and Carol TurleyMrs. Lynette TurmanMr. Arnie TurrentineHonorable Richard E. and Sally TuttleCharlotte A. TylerFrances Esquibel TywoniakMrs. Dorothy Bonnifield UebeleProf. Emerita Joan Connelly Ullman,

Ph.D.Mr. Charles S. UnderhillUnileverUS District Court, Northern District of

California Historical SocietyMr. Thomas S. Van Den HeuvelMr. Robert Wazeka and Prof. M.F. Van LooDoris Machado Van ScoyMrs. Kathleen VandeveereCarlos Vasquez, Major, USAF Retired and

Mrs. Nadine M. VasquezMr. Terry VieleMr. A. W. B. VincentMr. and Mrs. John A. Vincent, Jr.Mrs. Lucille S. VinsantMr. Paul A. ViolichBob VivianMr. and Mrs. R. Daniel VockMr. Detlev R. VoglerMr. Lewis Vogler

Mr. Daniel G. Volkmann, Jr.Wachovia CorporationMr. George L. WaddellMarvalee and David WakeMr. Jerome R. WaldieMr. Stephen A. WalkerMs. Kate WallenbergMs. Sue Rayner WarburgMrs. Jeanne B. WareDr. Patricia A. WarrenSheridan and Betsey WarrickDr. Donald WarrinWillard D. WashburnMr. and Mrs. William T. WasteJeanne H. and Bill WatsonMr. and Mrs. Raymond L. WatsonDr. Malcolm S.M. WattsSol and Tina WaxmanMr. Howard W. WayneMarilyn Domoto Webb and Eugene WebbProf. Emeritus Melvin M. WebberMr. and Mrs. Edgar L. WeberMr. Martin J. WeberMs. Priscilla WegarsDr. Susanne WeilMr. Douglas WeisfieldProfessor Kenneth D. WeisingerDorothy and Fred WeissMr. Nelson S. WellerWells Fargo BankDr. Emmy E. Werner JacobsenJudith R. WessingNancy P. WestonMr. Dooley P. Wheeler, Jr.Professor John R. WhinneryMr. Bruce W. WhippermanMs. Ann WhippleDavid and Linda WhiteAlienne and Jack Whitener

Mrs. Francis J. WhitfieldMr. William Lester WhitsonMs. Barbara A. WhittonMr. John WiesemesJohn and Valerie WiesnerMrs. Janice M. WightMr. and Mrs. Richardson WilbanksJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc.Mr. and Mrs. Witold T. WillerKent and Catherine E. WilliamsMiss Marian J. WilliamsRobert B. Williams and Carol Mayer

MarshallLori Fleming WilsonMr. John J. WinberryMr. John WindleMr. Jack R. WinklerDavid and Susan WirshupDouglas C. and Marjorie T. WittMr. Alan WofsyMr. Edward O. WolcottFred WombleMs. Wendy Willa WonMr. and Mrs. Thomas Edwin WoodhouseMr. Christopher R. WoolfWilliam P. Wreden, Jr.Dr. Roger M. and Virginia WrightMr. Daniel WyattMrs. Philip L. WycheMr. David YoderMrs. Rachel P. YoungMs. Gail M. ZabowskiMs. Bernadine ZelenkaMr. and Mrs. Ed ZelinskyIsa Mary and Alvin ZieglerPeter and Midge ZischkeJim Zwick

Left to right: Deputy Director Peter Hanff, Marie Matthews, Ed Matthews, and Director of The Bancroft Library Charles Faulhaber enjoy a moment ata reception for the Friends of The Bancroft Library held at the Knickerbocker Club in New York City on January 21, 2004. This annual event allowssupporters in New York City to gather and hear about Bancroft activities first hand. Photograph courtesy of Marie Matthews.

BANCROFTIANAU N I V E R S I T Y O F C A L I F O R N I A

B E R K E L E Y , C A L I F O R N I A 9 4 7 2 0 - 6 0 0 0

Spring 2004 Calendar

T H E X F R I E N D S X O F X T H E X B A N C R O F T X L I B R A R Y

JOURNAL OF A TRIP

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Alfred W. BaxterJohn BriscoeLucy CampbellRobert ChlebowskiRussell EllisPeter Frazier, TreasurerJohn HorsleyWade HughanRussell KeilConnie LoarieIan MackinlayAlexandra MarstonSylvia McLaughlinArlene Nielsen

The Council of the Friendsof The Bancroft Library

2003–2004

NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATION

U.S. POSTAGE

PAIDBERKELEY, CALIFORNIA

PERMIT NO. 411

ROUNDTABLES

Editor Camilla SmithManaging Editor William E. Brown, Jr.

Copy Editor Ben McClintonDigital Images Erica Nordmeier

Production Catherine DinneanPrinter Autumn Press

THE ART OF

GIVING

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BANCROFTIANANumber 124

I N T H I S I S S U E

LECTURES

EXHIBITS

STUDENTS

PRACTICE

HISTORY

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Through March 23Gifts to The Bancroft Library

Selections from recent gifts and acquisi-tions include rare books, manuscripts,photographs, illustrations, letters, diaries,and other documents and publications ac-quired to support the teaching and researchinterests of UC faculty and students.

April 22 – July 31Breaking Through: A Century of Physicsat Berkeley

This exhibit draws on Bancroft’s primaryresources in the history of science andtechnology. Included are materialsdrawn from the records of the Office ofthe President, the Berkeley Chancellorand the Department of Physics, and thepapers of leading scientists, among themLuis Alvarez, Raymond T. Birge, DonaldGlaser, Edwin McMillan, J. RobertOppenheimer, and Emilio Segré.

An open, informal discussion group,Bancroft Roundtables feature presenta-tions by Bancroft staff and scholars. Allsessions are held in the Lewis-LatimerRoom of The Faculty Club at noonon the third Thursday of the month.

February 19Jim Gatewood, Brown UniversityCity Light Books: History of a Community

March 18Lisa Conathan, Bancroft FellowLocating “Our Language” in NorthwesternCalifornia

April 15Kimberly Bird, Bancroft FellowBay Area Poets in the World: 1935-1942

May 20Karen McNeill, Bancroft FellowConsuming By Design: Consumption,the Arts and Crafts movement, andJulia Morgan’s Domestic Architecture

Terry O’ReillyRichard OtterTheresa SalazarBruce C. SmithCamilla Smith, ChairCatherine SpiekerRobert Gordon Sproul IIIJeffrey ThomasRobert R. TuftsDaniel VolkmannCraig Walker, Vice ChairSue WarburgChristopher WarnockCharles B. Faulhaber, Secretary