Agents of Erosion and Deposition. Shoreline Erosion and Deposition.
N Deposition in the Netherlands Implications for Natura 2000 Jan BakkerSeptember 2009.
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Transcript of N Deposition in the Netherlands Implications for Natura 2000 Jan BakkerSeptember 2009.
Content:
- N-emission and -deposition
- Impact on Dutch Natura 2000 areas
- Suggestions for a strategy
Sources of N-emission
NOx: 62 % traffic/ transport 26 % industry / energy 3 % agriculture
NH3: 2 % traffic/ transport 5 % industry/ energy 91 % agriculture
Sources of N-deposition
32% from foreigncountries
51% from Dutchagriculture
30% from livestockhousing
Use of livestock Manure 14 %
Geographical origin of N-deposition on Natura 2000-areas (average)
- 5-15 % of the deposition from sources within 1000 meter: increasing with emission density
- 50-75 % of the deposition from sources inside 15x15 km: increasing with emission density
- The remainder from sources outside 15x15 km; relative part decreasing with emission density, but absolute contibution remains constant
Impact Nature 2000:Soil map
Yellow: •Sandy and oligotrophic soils•Vulnerable for eutrophication
Within yellow:Concentration areas for intensive animal husbandry
Critical deposition loads, some examples
HD-nr
description Critical load (mol N /ha/yr)
7140 Transition mires and quacking bogs
700
4030 European dry heaths 800
6510 Lowland hay meadows 1400
3270 Rivers with muddy banks
2400
Problems!
• Average annual deposition in east/south Netherlands is 1500-2000 mol N/ha
• That is 2-4 times as much as the critical loads of most vulnerable types
• Ca 50 % of Dutch habitattypes is ‘overloaded’ or at least at risk as a result of N-deposition (NB: NOT 50 % of the surface!!)
So this is the present situation:
- Environmental stress on many habitat types- Many N2000 conservation objectives under
pressure
As a result of EU/ national legislation:- Legal authorization for future extensions of
farms (cowsheds, pig stocks) will not be granted because of significant impacts
- Social impasse and polarization
What to do? Outline of a combined strategy
- Track 1: Reducing local emission bottlenecks (outplacement of farms from the edge of vulnerable Natura 2000 areas); AND
- Track 2: Reducing background deposition (action at (inter-)national level); AND
- Track 3: Improving other environmental conditions: site management, hydrological conditions, fragmentation…