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M.Zerlauth, CO-MI

+ many slides from various colleagues (KH, Rudiger, Paul, …)

Introduction to electrical circuits terminology and machine sectorisation

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Outline

Yesterdays presentation of KH– Dangers in electrical circuits– Stored energies– Quenches– Components of electrical circuits

Machine sectorisation and naming conventions– Basics– Electrical Circuits– The concept of Powering Subsectors

Electrical Circuit terminology and concepts– Naming conventions– Electrical Circuit components– Circuit Types– LHC Layout Database

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Machine Sectorisation and naming conventions

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Sector 1

5

DC Power feed

3

Oct

ant

DC Power

2

4 6

8

7

P.Proudlock

LHC Powering in 8 Sectors

• For superconducting magnets, no DC powering across IPs

• Commissioning possible for each sector, independent of other sectors

• Main DC power feed at even points (MB, MQ)

• Some DC power feed at odd points• Total of 1716 electrical circuits with

>10.000 sc and nc magnets in LHC

LHC Sector

arc cryostat

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Sector vs Octant vs electrical ‘half’-cells

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The FODO Cell = 1 ‘electrical cell’

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Corrector Magnet Circuits

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Standard FODO cell = 2 electrical ‘half’-cell

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Electrical half-cells - Electrical Circuits & connections

To be found on CDD:LHC_LSD%+ Layout Database

Line N

Main Busbars +Spool-pieces

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Circuits and DFBs

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Naming Convention =f (position)

LHC Home – Naming Conventions:http://edms.cern.ch/cedar/plsql/navigation.tree?p_top_id=1894086584&p_top_type=P&p_open_id=1894086584&p_open_type=P

Examples:

MB.A10R1 = Magnet of type MB, first instance in half-cell 10 right of point 1 (B1 & B2)

MCO.15R1.B1= Magnet of type MCO, only instance in half-cell 15R1, acting on B1 only

Examples:

RB.A78 = Electrical Circuit connecting all magnets of type MB in the arc 78RQS.L8B1 = Electrical circuit connecting a magnet/

magnets, left of 8 and acting on Beam 1

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LHC Layout DB:http://layout.web.cern.ch/layout/

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Sectorisation across systems

Different sectorisation chosen by different systems, as the machine can be seen from different angles (mechanical, beam physics, electrical powering, cryogenics, vacuum…)

Most important configuration for magnet powering (and current HWC) is the POWERING SUBSECTOR

LHC-D-ES-0002 v.1.0

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Concept of Powering Subsectors

• 8 machine sectors are sub-divided into 28 powering subsectors

8 arc subsectors (A12, A23, … A78, A81)8 triplets (XL1, XR1, XL2,…, XR8)12 matching sections (LL1, ML2, MR2, …MR8)

• Powering Subsector are electrically isolated from each other• Main motivation is independent powering

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Cyostats in sector 7-8

Point 7 Ferney

Point 8 Prevessin

5 cryostats

- Q6 (DFBMH) - A78 (DFBAN - DFBAO) - Q5 (DFBMC)- Q4 /D2 (DFBMA)- XL8 (DFBXG)

PM76

RR77

RA83

UA83

TZ76

UJ76 IP7

RE82

RE78

SD7

UJ83

Y.Muttoni

IP8

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Sector 7-8 and cryostats

DFBAN DFBAO DFBMC DFBX

IR7Insertion Cleaning

IR8 Insertion

LHCb

DFBMH

InnerTriplet

Matching section

Arc cryostat (3 km)

Matching section

DFBMA

view from inside LHC ring

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Sector 7-8 and magnets

DFBAN DFBAO DFBMC DFBX

IR7Cleaning

IR8LHCb

DFBMH

InnerTriplet

Matching section

Arc cryostat (3 km)

Matching section

DFBMA

• 154 Arc dipole magnets and correctors

• Short straight sections (Quadrupoles and correctors)

Quadrupole Correctors

Quadrupole Correctors

• Insertion dipoles• IR Quadrupoles • Correctors

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Sector 7-8 and underground areas

DFBAN DFBAO DFBMC DFBX

IR7Cleaning

IR8LHCb

DFBMH

InnerTriplet

Matching section

Arc cryostat

Matching section

DFBMA

RR77UJ76 UA83

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Sector 7-8 and power converters

DFBAN DFBAO DFBMC DFBX

IR7Cleaning

IR8LHCb

DFBMH

InnerTriplet

Matching section

Arc cryostat

Matching section

DFBMA

Power Convertersand other equipment

Power Convertersand other equipment

UA83RR77UJ76

Energy extraction

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Sector 7-8 and powering subsectors

DFBAN DFBAO DFBMC DFBX

IR7Cleaning

IR8LHCb

DFBMH

InnerTriplet

Matching section

Arc cryostat

Matching section

Powering Subsectors: LHC-D-ES-0002 EDMS Document No. 361532

DFBMA

Powering Subsector A78

43 electrical circuits

RR77UJ76 UA83

Powering SubsectorML8

15 electrical circuits

Powering SubsectorXL8

14 electrical circuits

Powering Subsector A78

34 electrical circuits

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Electrical Circuits and Terminology

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Normal-conducting circuits

Magnet 1

Power Converter

Magnet 2

Normal conductingcables

Several thermo-switches @ 60°C

Warm Magnet

Interlock Controller

40 nc circuits in the LHC, connecting some 144 magnets

– RD1.LR1, RD1.LR5

– RQ4.LR3/7, RQ5.LR7, RCBWH/V in IR 3/7

– RMSD in IR6…

Mainly in cleaning insertions (IR3, IR7) and close to high luminosity experiments

8 additional powering subsectors ‘WLR1’, ‘WLR2’,…

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Superconducting magnets / circuits

Magnet 1

Power Converter

Magnet 2

HTS Current Leads

sc busbar

DFB

Normal conductingcables

Quench Signal

Superconducting Diode

Energy Extraction

Quench-Heater QPS

98% of circuits in the LHC are superconducting

~1680 circuits, connecting >10.000 magnets

Various families f (energy, current, # magnets, location, …)

Rated current range from 60A – 13kA

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24Power converter 6 kA

Water cooled cables 12 kA

Power converters and water cooled cables

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DFBs with current leads - feeding current from warm to cold

DFB and current leads

http://hcc.web.cern.ch/hcc/cryogenics/cryo_dfbs.php

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Cryogenic Feed Box with HTc Current Leads

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Cryogenic Connection

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Installation of the Cryogenic Transfer Line

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Energy extraction switch house 12 kA

Energy extraction switch 12 kA

Energy extraction resistors MB

Diode for 12 kA

32 DQR/DQS systems

(13kA for 8RB, 24 RQD/F circuits)

202 DQEMC systems

(600A circuits)

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The LHC Magnet Zoo

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Superconducting Magnet Units

Not quite up to date…

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Magnet inventory

1232 main dipole magnets powered in series with the same strength

– to make it around the LHC

752 orbit corrector magnets powered individually

– to ensure that the beam follows the design orbit (within about 0.5 mm),

Focusing and defocusing quadrupole magnets powered in series

– to keep beam size limited

Lattice sextupole magnets powered in series

– to correct the trajectories for off-energy particles,

Multipole-corrector magnets (sextupoles, decapoles, octupoles, ...)

– to correct field imperfections, to suppress instabilities, etc., powered in series

Corrector magnets to adjust essential beam parameters (quadrupoles)

Insertion dipole and quadrupole magnets

– to ensure beam crossing / increase the interbeam distance / focus beams for experiments etc.

http://edms.cern.ch/cedar/plsql/navigation.tree?top=1459088716

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Circuit Types defined for HWC and operation

60A (752 orbit corrector circuits) 80-120A (LSS and DS orbit correctors) 600A EE (600A correctors with Energy Extraction System) 600A no EE (600A correctors without Energy Extraction) 600A no EE crowbar (600A correctors without EE, but additional

crowbar) IPQ (Individually powered quads, Q4-Q10) IPD (Separation and re-combination dipoles) IT (Main Inner Triplet Circuits) Main Dipole and Quadrupoles

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QPS Types

QPS classification as function of

# magnets in circuit (stored energy)

Extraction system

Parallel protection (diode or resistor)

Quench heaters

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PC

QPS PIC PCCIRCUIT_QUENCH

POWERING_FAILURE

PC_PERMIT

PC_FAST_ABORT

DISCHARGE_REQUEST PC_DISCHARGE_REQUEST

Interlock Type A(=13kA main + IT)

QPS PIC PCCIRCUIT_QUENCH

POWERING_FAILURE

PC_PERMIT

PC_FAST_ABORTInterlock Type B1(=600A EE, 600A no EE, 600A no EE crowbar + all dipoles of IPD)

QPS PIC PCCIRCUIT_QUENCH

POWERING_FAILURE

PC_PERMIT_B2

PC_FAST_ABORTInterlock Type B2 (=all quads of IPQ)

PIC PCPOWERING_FAILURE

PC_PERMIT

Interlock Type C(= 80-120A)

Interlock Types

PC_PERMIT_B1

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Types of electrical circuits

A: main dipoles (8), main quadrupoles (16), triplet quadrupoles (8)

– extraction of the energy stored in the magnets when requested by the Power Converter in case of failure is performed by the QPS

B: magnets equipped with QPS

– B2: insertion quadrupoles using MQM / MQY (3.9kA – 5.8kA)

– B1: insertion dipoles (4.6kA-6.2kA) and most 600A corrector magnets

– extraction of the energy stored in the magnets not required in case of Power Converter failure

– B1: electrical circuits with one Power Converter

– B2: electrical circuits with two Power Converters

C: dipole corrector magnets in the insertions and other circuits with corrector magnets with little stored energy (60A, 80A and 120A)

– connection to Powering Interlock Controller

D: orbit dipole corrector magnets in the arcs (60A)

– no connection to Powering Interlock Controller

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Physical installations in RR77

600A EE system

600A converter

QPS 600A protection unit

Powering Interlock System

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Physical installations in RR77

Patch Panels Industrial Controller

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Conditions for powering

Cryogenics: Magnet and current leads must be at correct temperature

Power converter: must be ready (including cooling water etc.)

Quench protection system: must be ready (quench heaters charged, extraction switch closed)

Quench in a magnet inside the electrical circuit

Warming up of the magnet due to failure in the cryogenic system

Warming up of the magnet due to quench in an adjacent magnet

AUG or UPS fault

Power converter failure

Powering Interlock Controller (PIC)

Safety systems: must be ready (AUG – arret urgence general, UPS – uninterruptible power supplies, …)

Power converters

Energy extraction

Operator / Controls: must give permission to power

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Layout DB

All this can also be found and browsed in detail in the LHC Layout DB:

http://layout.web.cern.ch/layout/

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Thanks a lot for your attention

Questions?