MYRISTICACEAE. Current Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Tree for Flowering Plants 2010 magnoliids...
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Transcript of MYRISTICACEAE. Current Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Tree for Flowering Plants 2010 magnoliids...
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MYRISTICACEAE
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Current Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Tree
for Flowering Plants2010
magnoliids
monocots
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Magnoliales and the relationsof the Myristicaceae (APG)
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Key characters for the Myristicaceae
branches in whorls of fourbranched hairsreddish resin in barkreduced, fused perianthone-seeded dehiscent berry with aril
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Virola – four-branch whorls
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Virola – four-branch whorls
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Virola –neotropical; glaucous below and covered with branched hairs, fruits typical of the family
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Virola --- branched hairs (again)
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Epicatechin (an antioxidant) is the key component of Virola resin
The red “sap” of the Myristicaceae
Is a water-soluble flow from wounds that includes an ethenol-soluble resin…
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EFFECTS OF VIROLA SNUFF are felt within minutes from the time of initial use. First there is a feeling of increasing excitability. This is followed by a numbness of the limbs, a twitching of the face, a lack of muscular coordination, nasal discharges, nausea, and, frequently, vomiting. Macropsia - the sensation of seeing things greatly enlarged - is characteristic and enters into Waika beliefs about the spirits resident in the drugRichard Evans Schultes
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5-MeO-DMT a tryptamine alkaloid from Virola
serotonin, the neurotransmitter
trytamine alkaloid backbone
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Myristica- the nutmeg --- imperfect, incomplete flowers with fusion
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Myristica fragrans - nutmeg and mace
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Myristica dispersed by pigeons in the genus Ducula - and in the past by dodos.
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essential oils in Myristica, the nutmeg
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Present-dayPresent-dayClimatic RegionsClimatic Regions
HumidHumidEquatorialEquatorialForestForest
Arid Arid
Semi-aridSemi-aridTemperateTemperate
WarmWarmTemperateTemperate
WarmerWarmerTemperateTemperate
Semi-arid Semi-arid tropicaltropical
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Upper Upper CretaceousCretaceous
HumidHumidEquatorialEquatorialForestForest
Arid Arid
Semi-aridSemi-aridTemperateTemperate
WarmWarmTemperateTemperate
WarmerWarmerTemperateTemperate
Semi-arid Semi-arid tropicaltropical
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Mid EoceneMid Eocene
HumidHumidEquatorialEquatorialForestForest
Arid Arid
Semi-aridSemi-aridTemperateTemperate
WarmWarmTemperateTemperate
WarmerWarmerTemperateTemperate
Semi-arid Semi-arid tropicaltropical
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OligoceneOligocene
HumidHumidEquatorialEquatorialForestForest
Arid Arid
Semi-aridSemi-aridTemperateTemperate
WarmWarmTemperateTemperate
WarmerWarmerTemperateTemperate
Semi-arid Semi-arid tropicaltropical
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End of MioceneEnd of Miocene
HumidHumidEquatorialEquatorialForestForest
Arid Arid
Semi-aridSemi-aridTemperateTemperate
WarmWarmTemperateTemperate
WarmerWarmerTemperateTemperate
Semi-arid Semi-arid tropicaltropical
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PleistocenePleistocene
HumidHumidEquatorialEquatorialForestForest
Arid Arid
Semi-aridSemi-aridTemperateTemperate
WarmWarmTemperateTemperate
WarmerWarmerTemperateTemperate
Semi-arid Semi-arid tropicaltropical
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Present-dayPresent-dayClimatic RegionsClimatic Regions
HumidHumidEquatorialEquatorialForestForest
Arid Arid
Semi-aridSemi-aridTemperateTemperate
WarmWarmTemperateTemperate
WarmerWarmerTemperateTemperate
Semi-arid Semi-arid tropicaltropical