Mustafe Hashi Bahashwan (0114) ,STVS) Burao Feild Work Report ,2010

8/6/2019 Mustafe Hashi Bahashwan (0114) ,STVS) Burao Feild Work Report ,2010

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Sheikh technical veterinary schoolSheikh technical veterinary school

Burao field work reportBurao field work report

Period from 04july2010 to 06july2010Period from 04july2010 to 06july2010

Name:Mustafe Hashi IbrahimName:Mustafe Hashi Ibrahim

Serial#114Serial#114

Date: 17/07/2010Date: 17/07/2010

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Table of contentsTable of contentsAcknowledgment________________________________________________________Acknowledgment________________________________________________________

Declaration_____________________________________________________________Declaration_____________________________________________________________

1. Chapter one:1. Chapter one: introduction_______________________________________________5introduction_______________________________________________5

1.1 introduction of the field study__________________________________________________4introduction of the field study__________________________________________________41.2 background of burao city______________________________________________________51.2 background of burao city______________________________________________________5

2. Objectives Aims and2. Objectives Aims and methodology____________________________________________7methodology____________________________________________72.1 aim_______________________________________________________________________2.1 aim_______________________________________________________________________77

2.2 objectives__________________________________________________________________72.2 objectives__________________________________________________________________7

2.3 methodology _______________________________________________________________72.3 methodology _______________________________________________________________7

3.3. Activities carried out __________________________________________________8Activities carried out __________________________________________________83.1 livestock market ____________________________________________________________83.1 livestock market ____________________________________________________________8

3.1.2 Municipality role of the livestock market ______________________________________83.1.2 Municipality role of the livestock market ______________________________________8

3.1.3 Demand and supply of livestock _____________________________________________93.1.3 Demand and supply of livestock _____________________________________________9

3.1.4 Constraints in livestock market ______________________________________________93.1.4 Constraints in livestock market ______________________________________________9

3.2 The milk market ___________________________________________________________103.2 The milk market ___________________________________________________________10

3.2.1 Kinds of the milk _________________________________________________________103.2.1 Kinds of the milk _________________________________________________________103.2.2 Hygiene milk market ______________________________________________________103.2.2 Hygiene milk market ______________________________________________________10

3.2.3 Constraints in milk market _________________________________________________103.2.3 Constraints in milk market _________________________________________________10

3.3 traditional tanneries_________________________________________________________113.3 traditional tanneries_________________________________________________________11

3.3.1 Alalla-magan tannery ______________________________________________________113.3.1 Alalla-magan tannery ______________________________________________________11

3.3.2 Primary Processing of skin _________________________________________________123.3.2 Primary Processing of skin _________________________________________________12

3.3.3 Secondary processing______________________________________________________123.3.3 Secondary processing______________________________________________________12

3.33.3.4 Economic importance of skin.4 Economic importance of skin _______________________________________________12_______________________________________________12

3.4 international Livestock Company _______________________________________133.4 international Livestock Company _______________________________________13

3.5 Burao slaughter house ________________________________________________133.5 Burao slaughter house ________________________________________________13

3.5.1 The function of municipality _________________________________________133.5.1 The function of municipality _________________________________________13

3.5.2 Post mortem and ant mortem examination _______________________________143.5.2 Post mortem and ant mortem examination _______________________________14

3.5.3 Constraints of slaughter house_________________________________________153.5.3 Constraints of slaughter house_________________________________________154 conclusion and recommendation4 conclusion and recommendation___________________________________________16___________________________________________16

4.1conclusion __________________________________________________________164.1conclusion __________________________________________________________16

42 recommendation______________________________________________________1742 recommendation______________________________________________________17

Reference/annexes______________________________________________________18Reference/annexes______________________________________________________18

Quisioniaree___________________________________________________________19Quisioniaree___________________________________________________________19

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AcknowledgmentAcknowledgment

First, praise is due to the Allah who made itFirst, praise is due to the Allah who made it

possible for this golden opportunities to go forpossible for this golden opportunities to go forstudy gain a lot information practical skills andstudy gain a lot information practical skills and

training I should have liked to thank to the peopletraining I should have liked to thank to the people

that dedicate their time and helped me in the fieldthat dedicate their time and helped me in the field

are more significantly the list include butare more significantly the list include but

probably not limited here to the followingprobably not limited here to the following

individualsindividuals

Dr.Abdillali sheikhDr.Abdillali sheikhDr.IbrahimDr.Ibrahim

Dr.Nuh h. AbdiDr.Nuh h. Abdi

Dr. Abdilkadir KhalifDr. Abdilkadir Khalif

Dr.herzeDr.herze

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DeclarationDeclaration

Iam, Mustafa Hashi Ibrahim I declare that the fieldIam, Mustafa Hashi Ibrahim I declare that the field

activities presented here is my original duplicateactivities presented here is my original duplicateOf my work and has not appeared any where else.Of my work and has not appeared any where else.

Except reference made published work so it has beenExcept reference made published work so it has been

victory donevictory done

Prepared by: Mustafa Hashi IbrahimPrepared by: Mustafa Hashi Ibrahim

Signature:.........Signature:.........

Signature......Signature......

Date: 17/07/2010Date: 17/07/2010

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1. Introduction1. Introduction

1.1 Introduction the fields study1.1 Introduction the fields study

( Field Activity is a accomplish of every academic year activity in Sheikh Technical( Field Activity is a accomplish of every academic year activity in Sheikh Technical

Veterinary School (STVS))This report of three days field activities in the Burao city toVeterinary School (STVS))This report of three days field activities in the Burao city to

improve practical skills, gain more knowledge and gathering data analyses. The aim ofimprove practical skills, gain more knowledge and gathering data analyses. The aim of

this field is to practice what was learnt in the last year, It been divided in to two groups tothis field is to practice what was learnt in the last year, It been divided in to two groups to

carry out the activities in Burao. Using observation, individual interviews, and inspectioncarry out the activities in Burao. Using observation, individual interviews, and inspection

as materials to collect data during the activitiesas materials to collect data during the activities

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1.2 background of burao city1.2 background of burao city

Burao is one of largest city in Somaliland it is the capital city of Togdheer region withBurao is one of largest city in Somaliland it is the capital city of Togdheer region with

population of morethan350, 000 peoplepopulation of morethan350, 000 people

It has largest livestock marketing in Somaliland that receives the animal differ placesIt has largest livestock marketing in Somaliland that receives the animal differ places

include killal5, eastern region Somaliland, and central Somalia.include killal5, eastern region Somaliland, and central Somalia.

The majority people living burao depend up on the livestock market economically andThe majority people living burao depend up on the livestock market economically and

the livestock generally the temperature of the city is 25 to 35celcius,the time GMT+3.the livestock generally the temperature of the city is 25 to 35celcius,the time GMT+3.

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Chapter two: aims objectives and methodology

2.1 Aim:

The aim of this field is to practice what was learnt in the last yearThe aim of this field is to practice what was learnt in the last year

2.2Objectivies

The objectives of the field study are:

1- To acquire new skills and knowledge in the Burao livestock sector

2- To gain knowledge on data collection, data analyzing and reporting

2.3 Methodology

Observation: a judgment on or inference from what one has observed; broadly

Individual interview: is a conversation between two or more people (the interviewer

and the interviewee) where questions are asked by the interviewer to obtain information

from the interviewee

Inspection: is, most generally, an organized examination or formal evaluation exercise.

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http://mw4.m-w.com/dictionary/observedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Questionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Questionhttp://mw4.m-w.com/dictionary/observed


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The highest demand for livestock especially small ruminants (sheep and goat) is

mainly during June until august. This is also the major export for live animal is Saudi

Arabia and other Arabian peninsula.

Supply of sheep and goats on the market was low from April through June. This is

due to owners retain animals for breading and milking and herds grow size.

In month of malid alnabi(october/novenber)as well as idal-fidir and the idal-ad-ha in

the hadji season has a lot of effect on both demand and price levels. During this

period the is higher demand for small stock and as result high price.

Camel commercialization is very low compared to other species and particularly

because of unwillingness for pastoralists to sell.

Cattle demand is also during hadji period is high and low demand during the jillal

season, hence the supply of livestock markets is determined by combination factors

which pastoral household cash need. External driven demand for animals and

environment especially climatic condition affecting the physical condition of the

animal

Species Price/animal

Doe/ewe 300,000sh-500,000sh

Buck/ram 390,000sh-650,00sh

Figure2: shows the price the animals

Constraints in livestock market

Shortage vet services

Poor hygiene and sanitation

Small numbers of shed to keep animals during summer time

3.2 The milk market

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This market situated down town of the city the majority of milk received from the

HAWD side, Odwayne area and the rest comes from GUBAN and DAANBARI areas.

The people living Burao liked HAWD milk than GUBAN milk because the GUBAN

milk is mixed (from different species) but the HAWD milk is pure (from only one

species).

3.2.1 Kinds of the milk

The most of milk seller in the market is 80% camel and the remaining goat and

cattLE

Animal milk Appearances Price/cup

Camel Whitish 6000shl

Cattle Yellowish 6000shl

Goat Whitish 5000shl

Figure3: this table shows the milk price in Burao

Milk used to dirk (to get nutritious minerals especially for children) and in adding tea.

Milk payment measured by the amount of cup and species using as follows

1. cup/baydh

2. half-cup/nus-baydh

3.2.2 Hygiene milk market

The seller of milk use wide container ( made of what plastic containers) usually been

cleaned with detergent, soil and traditional planet called (CULLEY)

3.2.3 Constraints in milk market

Lack of buildings

Using unsuitable place (near crowded road ~lambs.

3.3 Traditional tanneries

3.3.1 Alla-magan tannery

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Alla-magan tanneryestablished 2000, and located south west side of the city. It has

processed deferent skin species such as sheep goat and camel that processed 2000skin per

day.

The sheep and goat skin semi-processed using salt only and drying after finished it export

to other countries, while camel skin goes several steps and locally used for making

shoes.

3.3.2 Processing of skin

The skin or hide is composed of about 60%of water, 35% fibrous and non-fibrous

proteins and the rest are lipids, carbohydrates and mineral salts. Health of skin or hide

solely mark the type of leather produced depend on the animals.

3.3.3 Primary processing

Since, skins or hides are highly susceptible to biodegradation that normally begins to

decompose within few hours of animals death primary processing involves

a)salting

the first step starts with wet salting or brine-curing from curing of raw skin with brine air

drying or packing them with salt (sodium chloride)

B) Socking

the curried skin are soaked for a period of few hours to seven days in pure water to

eliminate salt ,blood, and dirt and to gain moisture lost during the coarse of curing

process.

C) Deliming

Deliming the skin is done by soaking in weak solution of acid, which reduces the

swelling caused by the lime; the enzymatic application by bathing treatment to the skin

provides as smoother gain and renders the skin soft and flexible.

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Skin drying

3.3.2 Secondary processing /tanneryTannerys process involve conversion of the putricible portentous matter of the skin into

non-putricible, this achieved by treating the skin with aqueous extract of trees or with

solution of chroniumsalts

3.3.3 Economic importance of skin

1. Provide employment to the people at different levels

production level

processing level

marketing level

2. Source of income and wealth

families

communities

national

3. Provides materials for other products

shoes ,hand bags

belts ,luggage

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3.4 International livestock company

This is a private area established October 2009 .it located south west of the city and it

away 8km from the town the area of the farm is 360 hectors, construct 85 hectors and the

buildings still on proceed.

Consist more pens for small ruminants cattle and camel, it also have prepared fodder

water and vet services.

The pens of small ruminants are six each has length of 50m and width 30 mcapacity

1000 small ruminants per pen. Camel pens each has length 50m and width 50m and

capacity of 5000camel per pen, while cattle pens each has leangth50m, width50 m and

capacity of 5000cattle per pen also cattle pens has crash that is used to take sample and

treatment

the aims established the company

1. To enhance and increase the quality of our animals (weight and milk)

2. To change the way farming(from pastoralist to modern farming system)

3. To employments the Somali people

4. To investment our land our livestock

Animal fodder of international livestock farm

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3.5 Burao Slaughter house

The slaughter house located eastern part of the town, has compass 600 squired meter and

two section which is used the type of animal.

The first section that used for slaughtering goat and sheep.

The second section was used for camel slaughtering. This area has not fence.

The slaughter contain the slaughter house it self, two offices and water pools

The slaughter sheep and goats and has several tables and meat hanging places designed in

order.

The second branch was used for camel slaughtering this area has concentrates which used

to put the meat and has any fence.The slaughter building contain

The slighter house it self

Two offices

The water pools

The labor takes their wages, all labors are private, and they work every night

The Burao slaughter house slaughter every day 300-400 animals and they kill in Islamic

way. And 8-11of camels and not cattle at all. House situated eastern part of the town its

compass is 600meter squared. The slaughter house has different section that were used

slaughtering he type of animals and they are .the branch that for slaughtering

3.5.1 The function of municipality

Brings the taxes

Inspect the slaughtering animals

Provide transportation of meat

Keep sanitation the slaughter house

3.5.2 Postmortem and ant mortem examination

During our activities we examine/inspect150 animals, the most are normal but some few

a effected there fore i show the abnormal animal organs we observe

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animal No. of animal organ Abnormality

Goat 2 Inguinal lymph

node

Abscess

Goat 2 stomach Plastic bags

sheep 3 stomach Plastic bags

sheep 2 liver Inflammation

Figure4: show organs of species infected during activities

3.5.3 Constraintsof slaughter house

lack of electricity

Poor sanitation and shortage of tools

4. Conclusion and Recommendation

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4.1 Conclusion

The field work during three days were nice ands we get more information related what

we learnt. Therefore all students achieved their goals. It was successfully done.

There is some complements that is the most place we go met the people that information

is very little.

Field Activity is a accomplish of every academic year activity in Sheikh TechnicalField Activity is a accomplish of every academic year activity in Sheikh Technical

Veterinary School (STVS)) this report of three days field activities in the Burao city toVeterinary School (STVS)) this report of three days field activities in the Burao city to

improve practical skills, gain more knowledge and gathering data analyses. The aim ofimprove practical skills, gain more knowledge and gathering data analyses. The aim of

this field is to practice what was learnt in the last year,this field is to practice what was learnt in the last year,

During field work how to collect data, how to analyze, and how to write report wasDuring field work how to collect data, how to analyze, and how to write report wasgained.gained.

1- In Burao Milk Market was one of the activity done in Burao. Where milk broughtIn Burao Milk Market was one of the activity done in Burao. Where milk brought

from, the way of preservation and what is the price was an experience, butfrom, the way of preservation and what is the price was an experience, but

hygienically the market was poor.hygienically the market was poor.

2-2- Postmortem activity done in Burao slaughter house which slaughter more thanPostmortem activity done in Burao slaughter house which slaughter more than

400 heads of livestock, but Burao slaughter house suffering of lack electricity.400 heads of livestock, but Burao slaughter house suffering of lack electricity.

3- Burao Livestock market is the biggest market in Somaliland, but the market have

no any veterinary services

4.2 Recommendations

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1- The government should construct the buildings milk sellers and provide storage

facilities

2-The government should reduce the taxes and established trade

3-The government should strength and support livestock owners and also planning new

strategies

4-The government should provide sufficient electricity the slaughter house and other

supplement they need.

5-Established good communication among government, vet service, and livestock owners

6-The municipality the slaughter house should protect the slaughtering pregnant animals.

References

Infectious disease

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Merck manual veterinary school

Diseases of the Goat

Livestock economics

Questionnaire of livestock market

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Mustafe Hashi Bahashwan (0114) ,STVS) Burao Feild Work Report ,2010

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