Burao Field Work Faisal Siyad

SHEIKH TECHNICAL VETERINARY SCHOOL (STVS)

Burao 1st Year Student Field Report

From 13.july to 16.july 2009

By Faisal Abdi Siyad

Student registration Number: 0069

2009

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Acknowledgment

Acknowledgements and thanks due to many people who involved the three day field

work, especially my thanks goes to supervisor tutors, Dr. Nouh haji Abdi and Mr. Benson

Wofula for their guidance, support and encouragement.

Also, I would like to register a word of thanks Togdheer regional veterinary officer for

his collaboration and the community members of the institutions we visited.

I should also take this opportunity to thank all Terre nouva management administration

and academic staff including

Terre nouva administration

Miss Lucy wood

STVS management

Dr. Felix Cyprian biaou

Dr Thomas Basarazunga

Dr. Mohamoud

Dr.Ibrahim osman

Tutors

Dr. Abdullahi sheikh

Dr. Abdul kadir khalif

Dr. Abdulahi Ali

Mr. Mudazir

Mr. Mohamed Aden Guun

Mr. Joseph Ndirangu

Miss. Atugonza jocelynn jollie

Finally, I should like to thank my partner for countless good ideas, for such openhanded

generosity and for supplying me with endless cups of tea without my even asking.

Faisal Abdi Siyad

Stvs First year student

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Table of contents

SECTION ONE:

1.1 Executive summary......................................................................................1

1.2 field objective………………………………………………………………………..1

1.3 methodology…………………………………………………………………………1

1.4 Study context …………………………………………………………………………7

1.5SECTION TWO:

2.1 Halal modern meat plant………………………………………………………….3

2.1.1 ante-mortem examination……………………………………………………….3

2.1.2 sanitary facilities>……………………………………………………………….3

2.2.3meat processing…………………………………………………………………...4

2.1.4 Solid and liquid waste management……………………………………………..5

3.1 mandeeq camel dairy farm …………………………………………………………6

3.1.sanitary facilities……………………………………………………………………6

3.1.2 Disease control mechanism and source of support ………………………………7

4.1 Burao slaughter house………………………………………………………………8

4.1.1 hygiene standard in the slaughter house …………………………………………8

4.1.2 activity in the slaughterhouse ……………………………………………………8

5.1 livestock market……………………………………………………………………10

5.1.1 observation of the status of the in the livestock market………………………….10

5.1.2 types of animal…………………………………………………………………...12

5.1.3 different roles of the market actors ………………………………………………12

6.1 Burao milk market…………………………………………………………………..14

6.1.1 milk handling and storage…………………………………………………………14

6.1.2 milk pricing……………………………………………………………………….15

SECTION THREE

3.1. conclusion and recommendation………………………………………………… ..16

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3.1.1 Conclusion………………………………………………….....16

3.1.2 Recommendation……………………………………………….17

3.1.3Cited Reference ……………………………………………………………17

Annexes,…………………………………………………………………………17.

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Executive summary

In STVS, academic study system stipulates tha, each year at end of the 2nd semester

students get exposed to field work where by they collect data from the stakeholders of

livestock industry in different places, and this time first student are take to Burao which is

the largest place in Somaliland where animal related activities takes a large proportion in

the livelihood of the community.

This report provides details of activities undertaken by first year class and their attempt to

practice and apply their knowledge in which they acquired during their academic year in

stvs studies.

The specific objectives of this report were:

Understanding of key theoretical concepts of a course, through observation and

reflection about real life practice.

To broaden students veterinary knowledge applicability.

To appreciate the different actors in the Burao livestock, and see their roles.

Three main methods are used to collect data were,

Observation

Practical and or manual activities

Direct Interview

Through out the three days of fieldwork different skills are used such as observation

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Section 1

1.1 Introduction

As per STVS academic studies system and examination policy in at end of second

semester student are exposed to fieldwork.

In first year student are taken to Burao for three-day field work to observe analyze and

report on livestock related activities, and they visited several area that are vital for

livestock activities

1.2 Field objectives

To broaden student’s extent of veterinary knowledge applicability

Understanding of key theoretical concepts of a course through observation of and

reflection about real life practice.

To appreciate the different actors in the Burao livestock, and see their roles.

1.3 Methodology

During the three days of Burao, fieldwork students applied different

Observation

Practical activities

Interview

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1.4 Study context

Burao the capital city of Togdheer region is located in the middle of the country bordering

Ethiopia in the south and Sool in the East, Sanaag in northeast and Galbeed region in the West.

The region

Burao's population has greatly increased over the years. Today, the city has a population

of about 153 988 inhabitants. Although information on the number of people voting in

the city in 2006 parliamentary elections is available, no census was conducted for more

than 20 years, its temperature range between 25oc-35oc.

After the prolonged civil war and subsequent inter clan based fighting, the region has

now enjoyed relative peace and stability for number of years.

The region has been taking advantage of this to make transition from post conflict to

relief to sustainable development.

70 .% Population is pastoralists. The region is divided into five districts namely, Burao the

regional capital, Oodweyne,

Qoryaale, Balli-dhiig, and Duruqsi. Animal husbandry is the main source of the economy in

region. The majority of the people depend on livestock mainly camels, goats and sheep for their

living. Income from sale of charcoal,

Labour and firewood also contributes to household food security

Since Burao is important for commercial purposes in Somaliland

approximately70percentage of the regions population are pastoralist and depend on

livestock for their livelihood needs, a significant proportion of urban people also drive

their in come from livestock related activities.

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Apart from socio-economic importance of the livestock, they have also socio-cultural

importance in Togdher and Somaliland as well.

During this 3 day of the field work in collaboration with the regional co coordinator of

the ministry of livestock and the supervisor tutors STVS 1st year student visited several

areas that are vital for livestock economy including,

I. Halal foods ltd

II. Maandeeq camel dairy farm

III. Burao livestock market

IV. Burao traditional slaughter house

V. And Burao milk market

Moreover, the field was concluded with an optimum out put.

Section2

2.1 Halal modern meat plant

Halal foods ltd situates western part of the Burao city away from approximately 4km

from the town.

Halal is the largest and modernized meat processing plant in Somaliland, it locates 60

hector fencing wall with 100km2 of operating areas.

It has been established 2000 but it has started its work on 2004, it slaughters small

ruminants at age of 2 years.

Slaughtering animal is brought by a company called vessel global group that collects

animal from all Somali livestock markets.

2.1.1 Ante mortem examination

Before the animals enter the lairage they under go ante-mortem examination which is

done by veterinarian doctor who checks the animals, any animal that are manifesting any

abnormalities or animals condemned as unsafe or un suitable for human consumption is

excluded.

After the ante-mortem examination, they enter resting pens where they stay before

slaughtering.

2.1.2 Sanitary facilities

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Halal is modernized plant with different facilities including slaughtering skinning

removal of visceral organs and,

Apart from processing it also, have a sanitary facility including sterilizer for hand tools

hand washing sufficient number of toilets and disinfectant.

2.1.3 Meat processing

Slaughtering

Animals are slaughtered manually with sharp knife under the guidance of Islamic

slaughtering laws, they slaughter over clean stainless table that have slope for blood

Washing

Drainage, and immediately animals are washed with pressurized water to clean any dirty

and prevent unintended contamination.

Later on, they hang by using overall chain that has many hooks intended for different

processing activities.

Skinning

As animals hanged on the hook, four legs and head is removed, the removal of the legs

and head is coincided with the incision of the sternum and remaining part is left for

machine to complete the skinning.

Washing

After the skinning, the carcass is washed with pressurized to prevent unintended

contamination.

Evisceration

Under this stage, the carcass is removed visceral organs which are divided,

a) white offal’s intestine fore stomachs and abomasums

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b) Red offal’s: liver and kidney.

After the removal of those organs, are washed with water for cleaning and are separately

stored containers.

Washing

Carcass is washed again with pressurized water for cleaning and prevention of

unintended contamination.

Packaging and certification

Washed carcass is looped and packaged with white transparent dress.

Pre-chilling and weighting

The carcass undergoes semi cooling stage of about 18-15c0 for 15 minutes

Chilling

After the completion of the pre chilling stage carcass is taken to actual chilling room of

4c0 for 30 for 30 to 38 hours

Fig: Carcass at chilling room Fig: Packaging of the carcass

2.1.4 Solid and liquid waste management

Solid wastes like rumen contents is used for fertilizer in the farm of the animal,

Blood and the effluent are diverted in to existing pools that have a pipe and is used for

watering of the animal farm.

There is incinerator in the factory where condemned animals are kept and burned,

blood and other liquid wastes flow drainages in to the septic tanks and other by-products

are loaded vehicle for disposal.

Constraints

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Marketing related problems due unfair competition and price downfall

accordingly.

Lack well equipped labs.

3.1 Mandeeq camel dairy farm

Is located in the out skirt of the town especially southwest of Burao and away about 8kms

from the city and has an area of 100 hectares, farm area was muddy; it is reared camel

and cultivated vegetables and fruits.

Fig: local grass fig: Zambian rods grass

After prolonged period of droughts and lack of rain, the farm was not working

accordingly, and shifted to another water-processing factory called XAREEDA mineral

water.

The farm is cultivated both exotic and local tree including, Lemon, banana, grape,

tomato, and others, and are planted these grasses for the camel:

Sudan grasses, alfalfa, Zambian rods for fodder and Australian grasses.

Structurally the farm contains the farm, pen, water pore holes with troughs and crash for

animal restraining.

3.1.1 Sanitary facilities

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The overall hygienic standard is normal, they milking machine to reduce milking risk

associate and the transmission of mastitis

Bulk Milk Pick-up Tanks that are used to collect and transport milk from a dairy farm, is

aluminum cans, these permits reduction of milk contamination and preserves its normal

state.

A Cleaning and Sanitizing Facility means is employed for any place such as milking,

Camel pens.

3.1.2 Disease control mechanisms and source of support.

Diary farm mostly encounters in the rainy season parasitic disease, and mastitis of

lactating camels is forefront, additionally ecto-parasites are the major disease that hinders

milk production.

The effective ways of controlling disease is spraying, burning and removing are the main

methods to remove the manure, but some time with help of veterinarians, they use

veterinary drugs to treat the diseases like albendazole for endo-parasites, lekonid an ante-

helminthes and mastitis treatment drugs.

The farm sometimes hires professional to enhance the professional usage and to reduce

the mal administration and over dosage of the drugs.

Apart from those local support they got from veterinary professions they also got support

from international donors like vet aid which provided Bulk Milk Pick-up Tanks and other

milk handling equipments.

Constraints

• is no regular involvement of veterinary specialist

• no regular support either from NGOs or government

• lack private consultants

4.1 Burao Slaughterhouse 12


Burao slaughterhouse is the place where the animals are slaughtered for local

consumptions, Burao slaughterhouse was built in 1967 by previous Somali government,

and after the civil war in 1995 it was reconstructed and extended with increasing the size

by care international

4.1.1 Hygienic standard in the slaughterhouse

The slaughter house building have only fencing wall and does not have a roof there is no

efficient floor for drainages and sanitary facilities the only means of cleaning is the

sweeping that is done irregularly. In addition to that, all working tables are unclean.

4.1.2 Activity in the slaughterhouse.

Burao slaughterhouse works beginning from 11:00pm to 7:00Am, workers in the

slaughterhouse use traditional way of slaughtering of the animal, they don’t use any

machines for facilitating their activity, all of the workers in Burao slaughterhouse are

women, these women charge to their commission/wage to the owner of the animals that

they work upon it, which they use to cover their livelihood needs,

Additionally, camels are slaughter outside of the closure of the slaughterhouse, all

workers in camel slaughter department are men, in general, Burao slaughterhouse

produces more than 400 carcasses of sheep and goats, and more than 10 carcasses of

camels. After inspection activities carried out by the students, we find lesions and

presence of plastic bags as shown this table. We inspected over 130 animals.

Table: 1No of animals

Species

Organ Abnormality

5 Goat Fore stomach

Plastic bags

6 Goats Liver Hemorrhages 4 Goats Fore

stomach Parasitic cyst

1 Goat Liver Abscess 3 Goats Intestine Swollen at lymph nodes and payer’s

patch 2 Sheep Intestines Swollen payer’s patch 1 Sheep Liver Jaundice 2 Sheep Liver Adhesion in liver inflammation 3 Sheep Fore

stomachPlastic bags

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1 Sheep Fore stomach

Parasitic cyst

1 Camel Liver Hepatitis

Fig: 1 Distribution of abnormality of the animal specie

Constraints of Burao slaughter house

Lack of electricity

Absence of cleaning and waste management system

Slaughterhouse don’t have neither disposable places of wastages nor transport

owned by the slaughterhouse to dispose wastages far place to protect the hygiene

of the slaughterhouse

Lack of roof and proper floor which have slopes for drainage

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Lack of reliable water points

Lack of skilled workers they only use traditional system of slaughtering.

5.1 Burao livestock market

Burao livestock market is the market in comparison to all livestock markets in

Somaliland and whole Somali ecosystem at large.

Market locates open large and sandy area 1km square and populated, although the

population of the actors in the market are not permanent, they depend on the animal in

the market (supply of animals) the work starts from 7:00 am until 4:00 as told by the

market actors.

There is only one shade in the market using those selling tea and sweets and only two

rooms (offices) one for local government and the other for veterinary services.

This market is only for small ruminants (goats and sheep’s), the people in the market

some times they accumulate where there is good conditioned animals to compete there

buying. The local government collects tax from every animal and cleans the market

5.1.1 Observation of the status of animals (sheep and goats) brought to the market

for sale:

There are about 4000 animals (sheep and goats) brought to the market, and about 1000

animals are sold. The general body condition of the animals is good.

There are fences within the market owned by local people, which is private, and animals

rest in before and after sale. The rent of the fence is 500slsh whether the animal stays in

for hours or days.

The animals in the market are brought from different areas such as Erigavo, Buhodle,

Hududka, and from Burao itself where most of the animals in the market are from.

The animals that are coming from far areas travel for one or two days.

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In the market, there are private local workers who are locally called DAABAQAD

(people who brand animals using black paint, and take the animals to the slaughterhouse).

This worker sits under a tree where he ties the animals he brands under it and takes those

animals to the slaughterhouse to be slaughtered. When the traders purchase their animals,

they bring them to this worker. He charges 1000slsh per animal; the trader leaves her

animals with the worker and comes back for it at the slaughterhouse. The worker gives

the animal’s different symbols so he does not get confused on the animals and who owns

them.

In the livestock market there is a local government’s office at the west side of the market.

It is composed of government workers and veterinarians.

Dr. Abdi Rashid Ahmed, chief of the veterinary services in the market, told us that there

were two activities done by the veterinarians:-

1. They inspect the animals for export, and give the healthy animals an Export

Health Certificate, signed by the regional officer.

2. They ensure that every animal that is been sold in the market is healthy.

He also said if there were a chance that the people brought a sick animal to them, they

would treat the animal free of charge. The drugs used for treating the animals in the

market are from the Ministry of Livestock in Burao and donors.

The livestock ban affected every one in and out of the market, and caused a lot of

suffering, because 60% of the population’s livelihood depends mainly on the livestock

production.

The purchased animals are collected under trees for shade.

Picture of Burao livestock market

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A herd of animals in the resting pen A crowd of people in the livestock

5.1.2 Type of animals

Burao livestock market is brought different species including goat sheep and camel, cattle

is rare.

Species Grade Price per animal

Sheep/goats 1 $50

Sheep/goats 2 $40

Seep/goats 3 $38

5.13 Different roles of market actors

Market actors are those who directly or indirectly involve different transactions of the

livestock market including, producers, brokers, traders and municipality.

Producer

Are those who rear and produce as well as sell their animals for different purposes and

there role is to bring the animals that deserve to be sell in to the livestock market.

Brokers

Are those who seeks buyer, negotiate, and facilitate the transaction to take place.

Additionally, they give the buyer a not stolen, healthy and inform the trader the presence

of the animal in the market, decides the price according to the animal condition or fatness

and free from any abnormality.

Municipality

• Its aim is to maintain security, taxation as well as the hygiene and waste

management and overall management of the livestock market condition To collect

taxes from the owners

• To collect the garbage from the market

• To give security to the market

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• To solve the internal disputes between the traders and brokers or among the

brokers

Species Taxes Wages of the brokers

Goats 1000 s/l shillings 2000 s/l shillings

Sheep 1000s/l shillings 2000 s/l shillings

camel 5000s/l shillings 10000 s/l shillings

Cattle 4000 s/l shillings 8000 s/l shillings

Table:3 the taxes, and wages of the brokers

Traders : large traders are those buy animal from the market and send to abroad, their

number are estimated around 10, these trader mostly like to buy male goat because

The consumers like this species since this species has no more fat

Within the male goat, they select the animal according.

Body condition and

Health status of animal

Constraints:

Lack electricity

Lack of proper pricing and price

No roofs or buildings for resting

Shortage of water

Lack of hygiene

6.1 Burao milk market

Burao milk market is locates under the main market of town, working hours starts at 8:00

and ends 5:30, milk traders are mostly women the market is brought different milk from

the town suburb villages.

6.1.1 Milk handling and storage

Milk traders use different containers and most of them are plastic jerry cans which was

covered either clothe or another soft plastic, the milk had no good standard hygiene.

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When the milk reaches the market, the trades used to boil in order to keep it way from

spoilage.

There were various milk in the market having different value and are obtained from

different villages such as,

Oodweyne

Xaaji saalax

Cadaw yuurura

Cali saahid

Booraamo

Additionally there are also a milk from guban area like suuq sade and galoolay in the

after noon.

Supply of the milk depend on season, when there is a rain and sufficient feed for animals

more milk is available in the market and price is low accordingly.

On the other hand, a demand is high in every time due to their usage, and is supplement

for most foods and drinks.

Fig: milk traders in the milk market

6.1.2 Milk pricing:

The price is determined by the supply and demand of the milk, when more is available in

the market the price is low and demand is l

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High.

Type of milk Price per baydh11

=(0.90lier)

Taxes per seven liters

Sheep/goats 5500s/l shillings 500s/l shillings

Cattle 4500s/l shillings 500s/l shillings

Camel 3500s/l shillings 500s/l shillings

Table: 2Price of the milk

Fig: boiling milk with container

Section Three

3.1 Conclusion and Recommendation

3.1.1 Conclusion

After three days of fieldwork of Burao, we come up with finding from different places we

visit and we observed and interviewed the owners and workers of the institutions.

Meat processing plant: this plant which a lot of facilities and also a lot of workers, it

process the carcass in modern way although it is still at an embryonic stage it has

potential to double its products and send to different foreign destinations in the up

coming decades.

Camel dairy: The farm that is first dairy farm established in Somaliland, which is newly

modern and the owners put this farm a lot of investment with out helping from

1 Baydh is a traditional unit of the milk measurement 20


government and international community so they need to encourage their brilliant work

technically and economically.

Moreover, the farm needs to be supported technically and financially.

Livestock market: this market which is one of the economically sector of this town it

has no any facilities, no water no shade for the people and their animal, and also there is

no regulation and true veterinarian which trace the animal coming in the market although

mostly the animal was in good health

slaughterhouse: slaughter which very big and have high work for the community has not

electricity and cover with protect from the rain and other insults from the environment,

also this slaughterhouse is in the town so it seems so harm the community. Additionally,

there are no doctors that inspect the animal.

Burao milk market: is short term market which work not more then12 hours and it has

lot of challenges in the areas of hygiene, milk handling storage and pricing as well.

3.1.2 Recommendation s

In view of the above findings, this study would like to recommend certain measures that

are important in livestock if it probably upgraded

To clean the hygiene of the traditional slaughterhouse.To make many shades to the livestock market.To build big public water points in the livestock market in order to end the shortage of water existing the marketThe getting of Burao local government the equipments of the collecting garbage, in order to achieve to clean the livestock market. Developing a mechanism of upgrading those nascent economic activities.Moreover, support the meat factory how to get lab equipments in order to inspect and check the health status of the animal before they slaughter and after it. And encourage the owner of the camel dairy farm.Also To request help from the government for veterinary service, or hire a private veterinarian for the health of the animalsIn future government and other bodies have establish slaughterhouse that are clean and are far from the resident area.,In the milk market the traders doesn’t have knowledge to handle the milk,

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So they have to be trained on how to handle the hygiene of the milk.

Cited Reference: I. Impact assessment, Dulcad plain communal range reserve

restoration Candlelight NGO, 2003.mohamend igeh killeh

II. Promotion employment through training PETT project June april2006, EU Ezekiel Esipsu

III. Evaluation report of child focused emergency food aid distribution in TOGDHEER region, safe the children. December 2004 Ahmed osman ibrahim

IV. Economic lecture notes STVS first year Benson wofula

Annex 1

SSQuestionnaires of Slaughter house1. When slaughterhouse established at first?

2. How many meters does the building of the slaughter house3. Who established?4. How many people operate in the slaughterhouse? When do

slaughtering starts?5. How many animals do you slaughter per day?6. Where do you get the animal?7. Which species do you slaughter mostly?8. At what age and sex do you prefer?9. How do you recognize whether the animal is sick or not before

slaughtering? .10. Which diseases you are experience mostly?

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11. What are the requirements has the slaughterer needed to fit?12. Are there any guidelines that govern the smooth running of the

slaughterhouse? .13. Where do you dispose the wastes of the slaughter house? .14. What facilities do you use for slaughtering? .

QUESTIONNAIRE OF LIVESTOCK MARKETQuestionnaires for trader1. How many agents work in the market?2. How do you value the animal?3. In which aspects do you consider when paying and selling of

animals?4. Do the traders have license from the government?5. Do you give out commission to the brokers?6. Where do you transport the animal? And which country7. What is the period between buying and selling of the animals?8. At what season do the animals have the highest demand for the

traders?9. Do you give out any veterinary services to the animal?10. Do you transport live animals?

QUESTIONNAIRES FOR producers1. Under which system do you rear the animals?2. What is the major purpose you sell your animals?3. Which species you rear mostly?4. Mostly Which disease you experience in your farming system?5. What are the kinds of drugs you give the diseased animal?6. Which source you do you get drugs from?7. Where do you market your product mostly?8. Which season do you supply your products to the market?9. Do you market any other products than live animals?10. If yes, what are these products?11. Which market do you supply your by-products?12. Which transport do you use for your animals to take to the market

QUESTIONNAIRES FOR BROKERS1. How many animals do you sell per day?2. Do you have licenses from the government?3. How do you communicate with farmers and traders?4. How do you identify whether the animal is stolen or not?5. Whom do you charge your commission?6. At what time does the market opens and closes?

QUESTIONNAIRE OF CAMEL DAIRY FARM

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When did the camel dairy farm was set up? Where do they get their feed and water? How many workers are in the camel dairy farm? Are the workers women or men? How many liters does the farm produce daily, weekly, and monthly? Where the product of the camel dairy farm does send? Are the product export consumed? What are the most consumers of your products such as restaurants, shops, and families? __ Do you have permanent customers or not? Do all your products consumed or some remain?

QUESTIONNAIRE OF MEAT FACTORY1) Where do you get animal that you process?2) In which ways do you get the animal that you process?3) How many animals do you process per day or weak or per month?4) Which species do you process mostly?5) Which age do you prefer and why?6) How do you grade your product?7) Which equipment do you use?8) How many workers in the factory?9) Are they skilled?10) Where do you get electricity?11) How price of animal affect your activity?12) Do your product use for locally or export?13) If it is used locally what organs mostly used?14) Which is the most organs do you export

QUESTIONNAIRE OF MILK MARKET1. Where do you get the milk?2. Which way you use to ensure milk hygiene and quality?3. Which season is milk production very high and low?4. Do the ages of milked animals affect the quality of milk?5. Which form of transportation are the milk received?

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Burao Field Work Faisal Siyad

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Transcript of Burao Field Work Faisal Siyad