Isabela State University Echague, Isabela

Types of edible mushroom

Historical Background of Mushroom Culture in the PhilippinesA long time ago mushrooms were believe to be a fruit of thunderbolt The Chinese introduce mushroom culture in the Philippines and it started in Pampanga in the early 1900s

UP College of agriculture developed scientific method by using spawns in 1916 The National Science and Development Board (NSDB), the National Research Council of the Philippines (NRCP) and Philippines Council for Agriculture Resources Research and Development (PCARRD) were financed research of Department of Plant Pathology in UPLB to improve the technology of mushroom culture

Etymology o PinagmulanAgri Latin Culture Latin (Cultura) Cultivate (English) Tagalog - Paglilinang, Pagbubungkal, PagPag-aararo ng lupa/ bukid Field (English) BUKID (Tagalog)

Agaricus Bisporus(Button Mushroom)

Auricularia(the ear fungi)

Ganoderma(Medicinal Mushroom)

Lentinus edodes(Shitake)

Pleurotus spp.

(Florida(Florida-Angel Mushroom)

Pleurotus spp.(Abalone)

Black Oyster

Pink Oyster White Oyster

Volvariella Volvacea(The Straw Mushroom)

Mushroom Life Cycle

Mushroom Tissue Culture and Cultivation

Nutrition Facts (per 100 grams*) of Volvariela: the Straw MushroomAscorbic acid Ash, gram Calcium mg. Fat g. Fiber g. Food Energy Cal. Iron mg. Moisture, % Niacin, mg. Phosphorous, mg. Protein, g. Riboflavin, mg. Thiamine, mg. Total carbohydrates 8.0 1.0 3.0 0.6 1.2 39 1.7 87.7 8.3 94.0 3.8 0.17 0.11 6.0

*Source: Food & Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) Handbook, 3rd Edition 1964. Tropical Mushrooms Biological and Cultivation Method, 1983.

Volvariella Volvacea(The Straw Mushroom)

Gathering of dried banana leaves

Small Bundles

12 inches

6 inches

Bundling

Preparation for soaking

Filling of water

Unloading of Soaked Substrate

Layering

Covering of Plastic for Incubation

Incubation Stage

Jacketing

10 days Primordia Appearance

Spot Gathering of Harvestable Fruit

Cleaned fruit ready for market

Cost and Return Analysis to obtain 225* kgs of Fresh Straw (Volvariella) Mushroom @ PhP.80.00 farm gate price that will translate into PhP. 10,071.00* monthly income of individual cooperators/growers A.Materials A. Materials Needed for 1.0 ft. (width) x 2.0 ft. (height) x 3.00 meters (length) of mushroom bed:

1. Bundled dry banana leaves (BDBL) or rice straw, 6 inches in diameter x 12 inches length 90 bundled @ PhP.1.00/bundle

PhP. 90.00

2. Spawns, 3-bags @ PhP20.00/bag 3-

60.00

3. Plastic Sheets, plastic lining in sugar sack or fertilizer is the ideal, 1.00 kg can cover 10-meters 10bed length @ PhP25.00 per kilo, for 3.00 meter bed length 4. Pegs. 1-bamboo pole x 30 feet length @ 1PhP100.00 per pole=PhP3.33 per ft. x 10 ft. = Php33.33 divided by 4 split = PhP8.35 x 2 split/bed 5. String for ties (panali) e.g., plastic twine/straw 6. Labor Cost, cooperator/growers equity Total Cost of Materials for 1-mushroom bed 1-

7.50

16.70

2.00 -176.20

B. Assumption:1. Least yield of 5.00 kgs/bed @ farm gate price of Php80.00 per kilo x 5.00 kgs. 2. Less: Total Cost of Materials 3. Net Profit per bed 4. Return of Investment (ROI) PhP. 400.00 176.20 223.80 127.01%

C. Basis for *Optional Monthly Income of Individual Cooperator/GrowersLand Area (sq. m.) 225 340 450 565 No. of Bed 45 68 90 113 Yield Gathered (kgs) 225 340 450 565 Gross Sales (P) 18,000 27,200 36,000 45,200 Less: Material Cost/Bed 7,929.00 11,981.60 15,858.00 19,910.00 Net Profit (PhP) 10,071.00 15,218.40 20,142.00 25,289.40 ROI 127.01% 127.01% 127.01% 127.01%

Volvariella Volcacea(The Straw Mushroom)

Scattering of rice straw for drying

Stocking of dried rice straw

Soaking

Composting

Preparation of bed foundation

Soil digging/ cleaning

Distribution of prepre-soaked rice hull within bed foundation

Layering and mounting of hay molder

Piling of fermented rice straw for spawn planting

Pressing/compacting of rice straw

Spawn Broadcasting

Removal of hay molder

The bed was supported by pegs placed on both ends

Plastic covering of mushroom bed

Preparation of shed materials

Artificial Shading for Incubation

Ready for harvesting

Packaging

Mushroom Pizza

Mushroom Pickles

Pleurotus spp.

(Florida(Florida-Angel Mushroom)

Selection of young vigorous and healthy fruit

Culture Media Preparation

Inoculation of Tissue

Matured Tissue

Materials needed for oyster fruiting bag preparationComposted saw dust Weighing scale PP bag (6x12x0.03) Scrap paper Rubber band Scrap cotton PVC (1 dm. x )

Composting

PrePre-composted substrate for oyster mushroom

Bagging of oyster fruiting bags for sterilization

Weighing at 1 kilogram per bag

Steaming/sterilization for 6 hours

PrePre-heating of inoculating loops

Breaking of grains for isolation

Planting/isolation of pure culture into fruiting bags

PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF Pleurotus Growing House