Muhammad (Mohammed) 570: born in Mecca , married into money
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Most early Arabian people were nomadic Bedouins. They herded camels, goats, and sheep, and lived in tents. They were polytheistic, and in Mecca worshiped at a shrine called the Kaaba.
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Muhammad (Mohammed)570: born in Mecca, married into money610: Angel Gabriel appeared to Muhammad, saying he would be the messenger of Allah (God), last Prophet after Abraham, Moses, Jesus622: Not accepted in Mecca, fled to Medina – the Hegira (hih-JY-ruh)630: Mecca surrendered to Muhammad and accepted Islam632: Before Muhammad died, Arabian tribes were united as Muslims
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IslamSame God as Christians and JewsQur’an = Holy bookMust surrender to GodPray in a MosqueFollow Five Pillars of Islammonotheistic
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Islamic Conquests – Middle East, N. Africa, India, Spain
REASONS Religious passion – wanted to spread the
word of GodJihad “Holy War” – promised Paradise, if
killedOverpopulationWeakness of other empires
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Islamic RuleReligious choices: convert, pay higher taxes, or dieClass system: Arab Muslims, Non-Arab Muslims, Non-Muslims
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Islam splits
Shi’ites (SHEE-eytz) Believed the Caliph (leader) should be a direct descendant of Muhammad
Sunni (SOON-ee) Caliph should be the best man for the job
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Philosophy and Science Advances Middle Ages Arabic Learning thrived during the Middle Ages Islamic world saved civilization
Works of Plato and Aristotle translated
- World is round
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b. Mathematics - Arabic Numbers used – Algebra (zero) - Algebra
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c. Medicine Disease: first to look at disease from contaminated water/ knew of and looked at diseases from a scientific perspective
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Islamic Art and Architecture Mixture of Persian/Arab/Turkish culture Arts b. geometric designs c. mosques d. not many figures