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COLLEGE OF NURSING, MADRAS MEDICAL COLLEGE, CHENNAI-03
LESSON PLANON
NON PROJECTED AIDSSUMMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
DR.R.LAKSHMI MSC (N), P.HD, MRS.S.JAYASHREE, PRINCIPAL, MSC NURSING I YEAR,MRS.G.SHANTHI MSC (N), COLLEGE OF NURSING,MRS.V.JAYANTHI MSC (N), MADRAS MEDICALCOLLEGE,MRS.P.SAVITHRI MSC (N), CHENNAI-03.LECTURER,COLLEGE OF NURSING, MADRAS MEDICAL COLLEGE,CHENNAI-03
Institution Name : College of nursing, Madras medical college
Program : M.Sc., Nursing I year
Subject : Nursing education
Unit : III
Topic : Non projected aids
Venue : Seminar Hall, MMC
Student teacher : Mrs.S.Jayashree
Participants : Msc nursing 1 year students
Date :
Methods of teaching : Lecture cum discussion
Audio Visual Aids : Black Board, Roller board, Power point, Charts, Flannel board, hand out, pamphlet
Evaluator : Mrs.P.Savithri Msc (N) lecturer
Central objective:
Help the students to gain in depth knowledge about non projected aids and to develop desirable attitudes and skills in
teaching learning process, while teaching the stunts in the classroom setting as well as clinical settings.
Contributory Objectives:
At the end of the class the student will be able to:
1) define the term audio visual aids
2) illustrate the classification of audio visual aids
3) narrate the importance of audio visual aids
4) state about non projected aids
5) enlist the classification of non projected aids
6) explain about graphic aids
7) describe about display boards
8) enumerate about three dimensional aids
9) expound the role of non projected aids in the field of nursing education
INTRODUCTION
For many years, educators have theorized about how the human brain and the memory function during the
communicative process. There is general agreement about certain theoretical factors that seem pertinent to
understanding the use of instructional aids.
During the communicative process, the sensory register of the memory acts as a filter. As stimuli are
received, the individual's sensory register works to sort out the important bits of information from the
routine or less significant bits. Within seconds, what is perceived as the most important information is
passed to the working or short-term memory where it is processed for possible storage in the long-term
memory. This complex process is enhanced by the use of appropriate instructional aids that highlight and
emphasize the main points or concepts. The working or short-term memory functions are limited by both
time and capacity. The effectiveness of the instructional aid is critical for this process. Carefully selected
charts, graphs, pictures, or other well-organized visual aids are examples. Ideally, instructional aids should
be designed to cover the key points and concepts. In addition, the coverage should be straightforward and
factual so it is easy for students to remember and recall. SI.NO
TIME CONTRIBUTORY OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS ACTIVITY
LEARNERS ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
1 2 mints
Define the term audio visual aids
Audio visual aids: An Audio-Visual is an instructional device in which the message can be heard as well as seen
An Audio-Visual Aids are those sensory objects or images which initiate or stimulate and reinforce learning. “Burton”
Audio visual aids are any device which can be used to make the learning experience more concrete, realistic and dynamic. “kinder S. James”
AV aids are those aids which help in completing the triangular process of learning, motivation, clarification and stimulation. “Carter V. Good”
explaining Listening Roller board
Define audiovisual aids
SI.NO
TIME CONTRIBUTORY OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS ACTIVITY
LEARNERS ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
2 2 mints
Illustrate the classification of audio visual aids
classification of audio visual aids: Can be classified into different ways:• Simple and Sophisticated aids • Audio, Visual and Audio Visual
aids • Electronic and Non electronic • Projected and Non Projected aids.• Big media and little media• Three dimensional aids
Explaining Listening Chalk board Illustrate the classification of audio visual aids
3 2 mints
Narrate the importance of audio visual aids
Importance of audio visual aids:Enable the audience to look and learn improve and make teaching effective. Make learning interesting and profitable.Quicken the phase of learning To get students to use the knowledge at the beginning stages To promote greater student active participation They can be used at all levels of learning Helps in improving & making teaching effective
explaining listening chart Narrate the importance of av aids
SI.NO
TIME CONTRIBUTORY OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS ACTIVITY
LEARNERS ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
4 2 mints
State about non projected aids
Non projected aids:Non projected aids are those aids which in teaching learning purpose without using any projected materialsEg : charts ,models,graphs etc
explaining listening Roller board
State the term non projected aids
5 2 mints
Enlist the classification of non projected aids
Classification of non projected aids:
Graphic aids Display boards 3 dimensional aids
Cartoons Black board DiagramsCharts Bulletin ModelsDiagrams Flannel board Mock ups Flash cards Magnetic board ObjectMaps Pee board Specimen Photographs Roller boardPictures Posters Graphs BookletsPamphletLeafletFlip charts
explaining listening chart Enlist the classification of non projected aids
SI.NO
TIME CONTRIBUTORY OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS ACTIVITY
LEARNERS ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
6 10 mints
Explain about graphic aids
GRAPHIC AIDS: CHARTS
DEFINITION: Charts are graphic teaching material including diagrams, posters, pictures, maps and graphs.PURPOSES:• It serves as an illustrative visual media.• It depicts logical relationship between
main idea and supporting facts.• It is a useful in a teaching situation• It is useful in showing point of
comparisonPRINCIPLES: self-explanatory Captioned in bold letters. High light contrasting features with
different colors. Large enough and least size-50*70 cm
chart paper TYPES OF CHARTS : Narrative chart Cause and effect chart Chain chart Evolution chart Strip tease chart Pull chart Flow chart Flip chart etc
explaining listening Flannel board
Explain about graphic aids
SI.NO
TIME CONTRIBUTORY OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS ACTIVITY
LEARNERS ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
ADVANTAGES:• Helpful in attracting student’s attention.• Conveys information in a condensed
form.• Presents information efficiently.• Cheap and easily available
.DISADVANTAGES:• It is fully understood only by a literate
and small group of people and maintenance is difficult.
GRAPHS AND DIAGRAMS
DEFINITION:Graphs and Diagrams are visual teaching
aids for presenting statistical information and constructing the trends or changes of certain attributes. It has a powerful impact on imagination of people.PURPOSES:• Becomes simple and meaningful• Forms an impression• Stimulate varieties and give more
information to the learner.• Is very intensive and economical.
.
SI.NO
TIME CONTRIBUTORY OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS ACTIVITY
LEARNERS ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
PRINCIPLES:• Use true class intervals on the horizontal
line.• The vertical and horizontal axis should be
equal in length.• The graphs should be clearly labeled and
a key should be given.• All columns should be same width • Use contrast colors• Write with capital letters on a charts and
simplicity in labeling should be there.
TYPES OF GRAPHS AND DIAGRAMSGRAPHS TYPES:• Histogram.• Frequency polygon.• Frequency curve.• Line chart or curve.• Cumulative frequency curve or olive.• Scatter or dot diagram.
Diagrams types:• Bar diagram• Pie or sector diagram /pictogram or spot
map.
SI.NO
TIME CONTRIBUTORY OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS ACTIVITY
LEARNERS ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
ADVANTAGES:• Graphs make presentation of quantitative
data. Simple way.• Pictorial graphs have a popular appeal to
children Promotes correlation of information
DISADVANTAGES:• Suitable for small audience.• Many representations are difficult to
follow.• Concentration is needed and too many
slices in the pie it become confused.
BOOKLET, LEAFLET, PAMPHLET
DEFINITIONS:BOOKLET: A booklet is a small book with a cover page
LEAFLET: A leaflet is simple sheet carrying helpful information on useful themes on one or both of its sides.
PAMPHLET: A pamphlet is printed material consisting of only a few pages about a specific topic.
SI.NO
TIME CONTRIBUTORY OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS ACTIVITY
LEARNERS ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
PURPOSES:• Basic information to the topic and
additional knowledge are provided.• Reinforces learning and increased
retention of contents.• Effective mass media and learning aid at
any age.
PRINCIPLES: Should center on a single concept and
should be logical sequence.• Writing be based on readable level.• Should create interest, attractive and
objective is based on need of the population.
ADVANATAGES: Individualized learning. High efficiency and easy to transport Commonly and constantly availably. Allow self-spacing.\
DISADVANATGES Some may throw it out. Storing is found to be difficult Demands good typing and no group
dynamic is encouraged. Limited feedback Can’t be used for illiterate person.
SI.NO
TIME CONTRIBUTORY OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS ACTIVITY
LEARNERS ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
FLASH CARDS: DEFINITION: Flash cards are set of pictures with suitable captions or a write up prepared on any theme.
PURPOSES: Used to attract a group’s attention. Convey in a sequential manner. Supplementary aid in education
.TYPES:• Plain, laminated ,synthetic flash cards• Made of heavy cloth and prepared form
old tins or metal cans.
ADVANTAGES: Inexpensive easily transport Handmade form local materials and holds
attention of the audience
DISADVANTAGES:• Effectiveness is influenced by way of
presentation.• Spoil if made of paper and cannot be used
for big audience
SI.NO
TIME CONTRIBUTORY OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS ACTIVITY
LEARNERS ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
PURPOSES:• Basic information to the topic and
additional knowledge are provided.• Reinforces learning and increased
retention of contents.• Effective mass media and learning aid at
any age.
PRINCIPLES: Should center on a single concept and
should be logical sequence.• Writing be based on readable level.• Should create interest, attractive and
objective is based on need of the population.
ADVANATAGES: Individualized learning. High efficiency and easy to transport Commonly and constantly availably. Allow self-spacing.\
DISADVANATGES Some may throw it out. Storing is found to be difficult Demands good typing and no group
dynamic is encouraged. Limited feedback Can’t be used for illiterate person.
SI.N TIME CONTRIBUTORY CONTENT TEACHERS LEARNERS AV AIDS EVALUATION
O OBJECTIVES ACTIVITY ACTIVITY7 10
mintsDescribe about graphic aids
Black Board:
DEFINITION:• It is any dark colored, flat, smooth surface
on which one can write or draw with chalk.
• It is one of the oldest and simplest visual aids.
ADVANTAGES:• Simple to use with little practice.• Economic & reusable.• Easily avoidable & can be used any time.• Encourages active doing & seeing on part
of the audience.• Mistakes can be easily erased.
DISADVANTAGES:• Written material cannot be preserved.• Cannot be used for large audience.• Requires imagination, initiation, practice
& preparation.
explaining listening model Describe about graphic aids
SI.NO
TIME CONTRIBUTORY OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS ACTIVITY
LEARNERS ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
BULLIETIN BOARD: DEFINTION: It is a display board, which shows learning materials on a specific subject, which is informational and has educational value.
PURPOSE:• Motivate the learner.• Broaden sensory experiences and provide
specific information, save time and correlates instruction .
TYPES:felt ,magentic, peg, plastic and soft board
MATERIALS: Board- soft board, straw board or cork board. Dimension- 1.5 mm *2mm size.\
ADVANTAGES:• Less expensive and stimulates interest of
the student.
DISADVANTAGES:• Creativeness is requires and one person
has to take responsibility of display board
SI.N TIME CONTRIBUTORY TEACHERS LEARNERS AV AIDS EVALUATION
O OBJECTIVES ACTIVITY ACTIVITY ROLLER BOARD
DEFINITION:• It is a type of chalk board made up of
flexible and soft material . It is lighter than chalk board and can be folded and rolled easily.
ADVANTAGES:• Easy to carry anywhere, use at anytime
and anywhere • Useful for small groups and less cost and
preparation done before the class.
DISADVANTAGES: Used for small groups and cannot write
more contents.
8 8 mints
Enumerate about three dimensional aids
THREE DIMENSIONAL AIDS: MODELS:
DEFINITION:A model is a life size miniature or an oversize replica of the object to be studied.TYPES :Models are physical, conceptual, working and non-working models.PREPARATION:Articles needed: Clay, painting material, brush, adhesive material.
Explaining listening Power point
Enumerate about three dimensional aids
SI.NO
TIME CONTRIBUTORY OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS ACTIVITY
LEARNERS ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
PRINCIPLES:• Size – life size or larger and stimulate
interest • Represent the internal and external parts.• Modeling structure and function – viewer
to comprehend better
METHODS:• China clay is used to prepare.• Left out for 4 to 5 days. Dry parts joined
with one another to for a model and painted with fabric poster colors. At last it should be labeled and fixed on the cardboard.
ADVANTAGES:• Makes learning meaningful and direct.• Illustrate application principle and laws • Explain complete and makes
comprehension easier.
DISADVANTAGES:• Some models are difficult to make and
need expertise to make.• Expensive and lot of time to make • Handled carefully
SI.N TIME CONTRIBUTORY CONTENT TEACHERS LEARNERS AV AIDS EVALUATION
O OBJECTIVES ACTIVITY ACTIVITY SPECIMEN:
DEFINITION:• Specimen is a part of an object. It may be
sample that shows quality or structural of the actual.
PRINCIPLES:• Direct real life experiences and should
enable the viewer to comprehend better.• Stimulate interest and direct experience
with reality.
USES:• Clear cut images, concrete experience,
motivates students to learning and stimulates discussion.
ADVANTAGES:• Conveys different meanings and correct
initial concepts and clear cut images.• Stimulates reflective thinking and further
enquiry.
DISADVANTAGES:• Collecting specimens may prove difficult• Specialized skills in preserving specimens• Needs proper handling
Expensive preserving agents
SI.NO
TIME CONTRIBUTORY OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS ACTIVITY
LEARNERS ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
MOULAGE: It is made up of plastic material to stimulate some life in Objects. (eg) – body which shows the evidence of trauma , Infection , surgical intervention
MOCK UPS: It emphasizes the functional relationship between the device reality and its workability. Certain element of the original reality is emphasized to make it more meaningful for the purpose of instruction.In common usage, a mockup is a scale model of a structure or device, usually used for teaching, demonstration, testing a design, etc.Mockups are also used in the Consumer goods industry, as part of the product development process, when the size, impression and/or artworks have to be tested and approved.Mockup is also a frequently used term when talking about an early layout or sketch of a Web site or GUI program. Ex: An artificial kidney to demonstrate dialysis.
FIUPS
SI.NO
TIME CONTRIBUTORY OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS ACTIVITY
LEARNERS ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
MUSEUM: DEFINITION:A museum is a building displaying a collection of historical relics, antiques, curiosities, works of arts, works of science, literature and other artifacts of general interest.Museums can be useful both for public education and specific class room instructions.
SETTING UP MUSEUM:
o School should have enough spaceo Take the help of students, collect old and
new objects and articleso Accept donations from various
organizations who donates the articleso Students can be guided to prepare the
exhibitso All the collected and prepared articles
should be displayed and labeledo A detailed report book should be
maintained giving a brief description of each museum pieces
o The museum rooms should be well lightedo It should be cleaned and maintained
timely.
SI.NO
TIME CONTRIBUTORY OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS ACTIVITY
LEARNERS ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
ti DIORAMA:
DEFINITION:A diorama is a three dimensional arrangement of related objects, models, and cut outs to illustrate a central theme or concept.The objects and models are generally placed in a big box or show case with a glass covering and background printed with a shade or a scene. Ex: a harvest scene, a planting scene etc.ADVANTAGES: Provide a good opportunity to learn It gives the appearance of actual
things which can not be brought to the class room
Interesting and enhance creativity Live things also can shown in
diorama ex: aquarium Provides students to do project
worksDISADVANTAGES: sometimes cost effective, Needs expatriation for the preparation, Require budget
Sometimes it may misguide the
student if is not the replica of actual thing.
SI.NO
TIME CONTRIBUTORY OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS ACTIVITY
LEARNERS ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
9 2 mints
Expound about the role of non projected aids in nursing education
ROLE OF NON PROJECTED AIDS IN NURSING EDUCATION:
1. Non projected aids and equipments appeal to our senses and open better avenues to learning. It has been rightly observed that the senses gateways to all knowledge.
2. Non projected aids materials because of their sensory appeal enable us to perceive information in better way and increase the retention span of learning.
3. Non projected aids the realities of our world to classroom and make learning purposeful.
4. Non projected aids make abstract ideas contract and their understanding is facilitated.
5. Non projected aids make learning quicker in this age of knowledge-explosion.
6. Non projected aids materials are economical in the long turn because of their repeat values and coverage of large number of students.
7. Non projected aids supplement the teacher and are used as complementary aids to normal
explaining listening Flip chart Expound about the role of non projected aids in nursing education
classroom teaching for reinforcing the spoken and written words.
SUMMARY:
So far we have discussed about non projected aids, its classification, advantages and disadvantages
of each aid and the role of non projected aid in nursing education.
CONCLUSION: Ideally, instructional aids should be designed to cover the key points and concepts. In addition, the
coverage should be straightforward and factual so it is easy for students to remember and recall. Non
projected aids are useful aids for teaching learning process.
.
ASSIGNMENT:Write an assignment on role of non projected aids in nursing education
EVALUATION: Marks-25
Time- 1 Hour
I. Essay type 1X10=10
Define non projected aids, describe various types of non projected aids
II. Short notes 3X5=15
a. Write about graphic aidsb. Explain about display boardc. Describe about three dimensional aids
BIBLIOGRAPHY:-
1)B.T.Bavantappas “Nursing Education”, first edition, 2003, Jaypee brothers’ publication, New Delhi.page no: 286-290
2) Francis M. Quinn’s ”The principles and practice in nursing education”, third edition, 1997, Stanley thrones publications ltd., United Kingdom. page no:150-159
3) Loretta E. Heidgerken’s” Teaching and Learning in Nursing Education” twelfth impression, 2003, Konark publishers ltd, Delhi. Page no: 122-128
4) KP,Neeraja’s “Text book of Nursing Education” first edition,2003, Jaypee brothers medical publishers, Delhi, page no: 208-215
5) Web site: Adrom audio visual aids.
6) WEB : Google search