Mr. Soulis - Homemrsoulis.weebly.com/.../8/5/6/38566159/european_coloni… · Web viewIn 1608,...
Transcript of Mr. Soulis - Homemrsoulis.weebly.com/.../8/5/6/38566159/european_coloni… · Web viewIn 1608,...
European Colonization - a final overview
Europe Conquers the Americas:
• How was European contact like war?– Europeans sought to conquer the land for __________________________________– Tried to _____________________________________________ they found there
• The Spanish ___________________________________________ and the Americans waged __________________ on the “Indians”
• In Canada, more ______________________ were used, but the results were the same
The Lure of the “New World”:
• Europeans were drawn to North America by opportunities to _________________• ________________________ were big business• Also seeking freedom from ____________________________________________________
(such as the Pilgrims who settled in Massachusetts)• These explorers and settlers did not care that the land was ___________________________
______________________
New France:
• “New France” was the area of North America _________________________ between 1534 (when ___________________ first explored along the St. Lawrence River) and 1763 (when France _____________________ to Spain and Great Britain)
• In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded the city of Quebec
• Champlain ________ himself as soon as possible with the ___________________________ peoples in the area, who were at war with the ______________
• In 1609, Champlain participated in a battle against the Iroquois, ______________________ two Iroquois chiefs
Jesuit Missionaries:
• The French __________________ was one of the ______________________ in New France
• Jesuit missionaries (known as “________________”) travelled the Great Lakes region, ______________ many of the Huron natives to ________________
• The presence of the Jesuits in Huron society was ______________________
• The Huron relied on ___________________ and the French would ____________________ with any Native communities that shunned the Jesuits
• The missionaries came into conflict with the Iroquois, who frequently attacked Montreal• When Huron communities were hit by _____________________, it was often the “black
robes” who ______________________
Coureurs de Bois:
• Coureurs de bois (“runners of the woods”) were _______________ _________________________ who travelled north and west to ____________ directly from the Natives
• They were adventurers who needed to be skilled at ____________ ______________________________________________________
• They made friends with Native peoples, learning their __________ ____________________
• Sometimes, they ________________________________________ with Native women
• This helped the men survive in a difficult environment, develop commercial contacts, and be accepted by Native communities
The Métis:
• The first Métis were the ___________________________________ and French coureurs de bois, or other __________________________________________
• _____________________ were established when a European married into a First Nation – many native families planned to have at least one daughter marry a European
• The _________________ of these unions _______________________, first around hunting, trapping and fur trading, that to this day have a ____________________________________
• The term "Métis" does not mean ___________________ who believes they also have some __________________
• It refers to specific communities of Aboriginal people and their culture• The Métis are recognized today as one of Canada’s _________________________
The Fur Trade:
• The English created the _______________________ in 1670 and gave it a ______________ over fur trade with the First Nations
• The HBC ___________________________________ in large parts of North America before there was large-scale _________________
• This led to ___________________________, who were also heavily involved in the fur trade
• As a result, many Native people were forced to ___________ ________ and became totally reliant on trade with the French and English
European Ethnocentrism:
• Early explorers and settlers described Native Americans as ___________________________ because they were not civilized according to ___________________________
• Most Europeans did not try to __________________ Native customs and culture
• They failed to understand that many Native cultures were just as ______________________ and “civilized” as many European cultures of the time
Mutual Benefits:
• Despite these _______________, early relations between Europeans and Natives were _________________________
• The first white settlers ___________________________ to the unfamiliar conditions in North America
• Native people helped Europeans by:– Teaching them how to ________________ and build __________________________– Teaching them how to ________________ and grow _____________________– Showing them how to __________________________ of the continent– _____________ with them and ___________________ them to Native communities
• Natives benefited from the introduction of European trade goods (like _________________, needles and thread) and the ___________ generated by the fur trade
Acculturation vs. Assimilation:
• ___________________ is a natural process that occurs when individuals from ___________ _____________ get acquainted and _____________________
• Each side may incorporate some aspects of the other group into their ______________ (and get the best of both cultures)
• However, European culture was also _____________ on Natives, _____________________
• This process is called _________________, when a cultural group is _______________ by another and _________________________________
Changing Attitudes:
• At first, there were ____________________ _________ than Europeans
• Native people in this early period were a ____________________________________
• Even though ____________ had greatly reduced their populations, Natives were still a ________________________ – and a significant part of colonial _______________
• The English and French both established _____________________ with Native groups
• However, as immigrants began to arrive in greater numbers, the Europeans changed their approach and became __________________ _________________________________________