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Transcript of Mounce Overheads
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Overheads
to
The Basics of Biblical Greek
ByDr. William D. Mounce
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page 2
Pr
eface
Included is what I hope will become a gr
owing body of visual teaching aids. So much of our edu-cational theory is designed for auditory learners, not visual learners. Hopefully these overheadswill help all students.
We are starting with very basic overheads. If you have some ideas that you would like me to doand include in this packets in future years (with due credit given to you), please send your sam-ples to Bill Mounce, Teknia, PO Box 337, Wenham, MA 01984, or email me at [email protected].
Teachers using The Basics of Biblical Greek
may copy these overheads, both for overheads and stu-dent handouts, provided that the copies are distributed at cost.
First printing . . . . . . . Fall, 1993
Second printing . . . . . . Fall, 1999
Third printing . . . . . Spring, 2006
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Chapter 3
page 1
Chapter 3
Alphabet
(
#
3.3.2)
a b g d e
z h q i kl m n x op r s " t
u f c y w
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Chapter 3
page 2
V
owels
(
#
3.4)
a e h
oi
u
w
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Chapter 3
page 3
Br
eathings (
####
3.4-5)
1.
ajpovstolo"
2. uJpevr3. rJuvomai
4. aijtevw5. Aijtevw
6. Ihsou'"
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Chapter 3
page 4
Diphthong(
#
3.5)
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Chapter 4
page 1
Chapter 4
Accents (
#
4.2)
Acute:
uJpevr
Grave:
uJpe;r
Circumfl
ex:
pneu'ma
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Chapter 4
page 2
Co-Elision (
#
4.2)
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Chapter 4
page 3
V
ocabulary
5,437 different words
138,162 total occurrences
79.92 % of all occurrences
Words occurring 50 times and more accountfor 110,425 of the total word occurrences, oralmost 80%.
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Chapter 4
page 4
Nominative and Accusative Paradigm
2
1 2masc fem neut
nom sg
lovgo"
grafhv e[rgonw{ra
acc sg
lovgon
grafhvn e[rgonw{ran
nom pl
lovgoi
grafaiv e[rgaw|rai
acc pl
lovgou"
grafav" e[rgaw{ra"
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Chapter 5
page 1
Chapter 5
T
erminology (
#5.3-5)
Case: Nominative (subject)
Accusative (direct object)
Number: Singular
Plural
Gender: Masculine
Feminine
Neuter
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Chapter 6 page 1
Chapter 6
Nominative and Accusative (#6.3)
The apostle sends the apostle.
" nominative subject
n accusative direct object
oJ ajpovstolo" pevmpei to;n ajpovstolon.
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Chapter 6 page 2
From Case to Function to Meaning
1. Case
2. Function
3. Meaning
your translation
nominative
subject predicatenominative
Instead of thinking about word order, you should first look at the words case, fromthe case determine the words function, and from the function determine the wordsmeaning. Do not try to determine function on the basis of word order.
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Chapter 6 page 3
Parsing Made Simple
Step #1: Case ending
Step #2: Declension
Step #3: Gender
Step #4: Parsing
- nom sing femi 1st nom plural femn 1st acc sing fem
2nd masc acc sing mascneut nom/acc sing
The goal is to move from the case ending to the parsing. There are several scenarios. Sometimes youcan see the case ending and know automatically what it must be (e.g., no ending). In this case you canskip steps #2 nd #3. Other times you have to see the declension. For example, iota can be found severalplaces, but if it is a first declension noun then it must be nom plural fem. A third scenario requires youto move through the declension all the way to gender, as in the ending nu.
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Chapter 6 page 4
Paradigm (#6.13,15)
2 1 2masc fem neut
nom sg " - n
acc sg n n n
nom pl i i a
acc pl u" " a
2 1 2masc fem neut
nom sg lovgo" grafhv e[rgon
w{raacc sg lovgon grafhvn e[rgon
w{ran
nom pl lovgoi grafaiv e[rga
w|raiacc pl lovgou" grafav" e[rga
w{ra"
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Chapter 6 page 5
Alternate Paradigm (#6.13,15)
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg o" h on
acc sg on hn on
nom pl oi ai a
acc pl ou" a" a
2 1 2masc fem neut
nom sg lovgo" grafhv e[rgon
w{raacc sg lovgon grafhvn e[rgon
w{ran
nom pl lovgoi grafaiv e[rgaw|rai
acc pl lovgou" grafav" e[rgaw{ra"
For teachers preferring to show the final stem vowel with the case ending, we have included sev-eral alternate paradigms.
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Chapter 6 page 6
Nouns Rules 1-3 (####6.20)
a/h 1st declension
neuter nom = neuter acc
neuter nom/acc plural = a
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Chapter 6 page 7
Noun Rule ####2
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Chapter 6 page 8
The Fog
The only way is through!
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Chapter 6 page 9
Nominative and Accusative
2 1 2masc fem neut
nom sg " - n
acc sg n n n
nom pl i i aacc pl u" " a
nom sg oJ lovgo" hJ grafhv to; e[rgon
hJ w{raacc sg to;n lovgon th;n grafhvn to; e[rgon
th;n w{ran
nom pl oiJ logoiv aiJ grafaiv ta; e[rga
aiJ w|rai
acc pl tou;" lovgou" ta;" grafav" ta; e[rga
ta;" w{ra"
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Chapter 6 page 10
Nominative and Accusative(alternate)
2 1 2masc fem neut
nom sg o" h on
acc sg on hn on
nom pl oi ai aacc pl ou" a" a
nom sg oJ lovgo" hJ grafhv to; e[rgon
hJ w{raacc sg to;n lovgon th;n grafhvn to; e[rgon
th;n w{ran
nom pl oiJ logoiv aiJ grafaiv ta; e[rga
aiJ w|rai
acc pl tou;" lovgou" ta;" grafav" ta; e[rga
ta;" w{ra"
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Chapter 7 page 1
Chapter 7
Indirect vs. Direct Object(#7.2)
Karin threw Brad a ball.
Karin threw Brad .
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Chapter 7 page 2
Case Endings
(First and Second Declension)
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg " - n
gen sg u " udat sg i i i
acc sg n n n
nom pl i i agen pl wn wn wn
dat pl i" i" i"
acc pl u" " a
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Chapter 7 page 3
Case Endings (#7.6)
(First and Second Declension)
(alternate)
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg o" h ongen sg ou h" ou
dat sg w/ h/ w/
acc sg on hn on
nom pl oi ai a
gen pl wn wn wn
dat pl oi" ai" oi"
acc pl ou" a" a
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Chapter 7 page 4
Definite Article (#7.7)
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg oJ hJ tov
gen sg tou' th'" tou'
dat sg tw/' th/' tw/'acc sg tovn thvn tov
nom pl oiJ aiJ tav
gen pl tw'n tw'n tw'ndat pl toi'" tai'" toi'"
acc pl touv" tav" tav
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Chapter 7 page 5
Full Paradigm (#7.8)
2 1 2
masc fem neutnom sg oJ lovgo" hJ grafh to; e[rgon
hJ w{ra
gen sg tou' lovgou th'" grafh'" tou' e[rgou
th'" w{ra"dat sg tw'/ lovgw/ th'/ grafh'/ tw'/ e[rgw/
th'/ w{ra/
acc sg to;n lovgon th;n grafhvn to; e[rgon
th;n w{ran
nom pl oiJ lovgoi aiJ grafaiv ta; e[rga
gen pl tw'n lovgwn tw'n grafw'n tw'n e[rgwn
dat pl toi'" lovgoi" tai'" grafai'" toi'" e[rgoi"acc pl tou;" lovgou" ta;" grafav" ta; e[rga
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Chapter 7 page 6
Noun Rules 4-6(#7.10)
Dative singular?
Iota subscripts (if possible)
Ablaut
Genitive & Dative?Masculine = neuter
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Chapter 7 page 7
Noun Rule ####6(#7.10)
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Chapter 8 page 1
Chapter 8
A Preposition and its Object(#8.2)
The object follows its preposition.
The object governs the meaning of the preposition.
Object
Preposition
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Chapter 8 page 2
Movable Nu (#8.10)
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Chapter 8 page 3
Dependent Clauses (#8.11)
SubjectMain Verb
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Chapter 8 page 4
Prepositions
uJpovejk
diav
ajpovprov"
eij"
paravv
ejn
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Chapter 9 page 1
Chapter 9
Functions of an Adjective (#9.1)
Good
Adjectivally Substantivally(regular adjective) (noun)
He is a good boy. The good, thebad, and the uglyare welcome
here.
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Chapter 9 page 2
Types of Adjectives (#9.2)
Tall
Attributive Predicate(gives an attribute) (predicates)
The girl is tall.The tall girl playsbasketball.
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Chapter 9 page 3
Adjectival Use of the Adjective (#9.11-13)
Attributive: immediately preceded by thearticle.
oJ ajgaqo;" a[nqrwpo" The good man.
Predicate: not preceded by the article.oJ a[nqrwpo" ajgaqov" The man is good.ajgaqo;" oJ a[nqrwpo" The man is good.
No article: see contextajgaqo;" a[nqrwpo" Good man.
Man is good.
a[nqrwpo" ajgaqo;" Good man.
Man is good.
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Chapter 9 page 4
Adjective (#9.6)
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg ajgaqov" ajgaqhv ajgaqovn
gen sg ajgaqou' ajgaqh'" ajgaqou'
dat sg ajgaqw/' ajgaqh/' ajgaqw/'acc sg ajgaqovn ajgaqhvn ajgaqovn
nom pl ajgaqoiv ajgaqaiv ajgaqav
gen pl ajgaqw'n ajgaqw'n ajgaqw'ndat pl ajgaqoi'" ajgaqai'" ajgaqoi'"
acc pl ajgaqouv" ajgaqav" ajgaqav
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Chapter 9 page 5
Adjective Positions (#9.11-13)
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Chapter 10 page 1
Chapter 10
A Walk Through (#10.7)
nom sg sark + " savrx
gen sg sark + o" sarkov"
dat sg sark + i sarki
acc sg sark + a savrka
nom pl sark + e" savrke"
gen pl sark + wn sarkw'n
dat pl sark + si(n) sarxi(n)acc pl sark + a" savrka"
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Chapter 10 page 2
Master Case Ending Chart (#10.10)
1st/2nd declension 3rd declension
masc fem neut masc/ fem
neut
nom sg " - n " -
gen sg u " u o" o"dat sg i i i i i
acc sg n n n a/n -
nom pl i i a e" a
gen pl wn wn wn wn wn
dat pl i" i" i" si(n) si(n)
acc pl u" " a a" a
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Chapter 10 page 3
Rule 7: Square of Stops (#10.13, 16)
Labial p b fVelar k g c
Dental t d q
Labial + s y
Velar + s x
Dental + s s
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Chapter 10 page 4
Rule 8 (#10.18)
A tau cannot stand at the end of
a word and will drop off.
o[nomat
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Chapter 10 page 5
Please!
No More Quizzes!
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Chapter 11 page 1
Chapter 11
First and Second Person
Personal Pronouns (#11.6)
first second translation
nom sg ejgwv suv I you
gen sg mou sou my your
dat sg moi soi to me to you
acc sg me se me you
nom pl hJmei" uJmei" we you
gen pl hJmw'n uJmw'n our your
dat pl hJmin uJmin us you
acc pl hJma'" uJma'" us you
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Chapter 12 page 1
Chapter 12
Third Person Personal Pronoun (#12.3)
2 1 2
masc fem neut translation
nom sg aujtov" aujthv aujtov he she it
gen sg aujtou' aujth'" aujtou' his her its
dat sg aujtw/' aujth/' aujtw/' to him to her to it
acc sg aujtovn aujthvn aujtov him her it
nom pl aujtoiv aujtaiv aujtav they
gen pl aujtw'n aujtw'n aujtw'n their
dat pl aujtoi'" aujtai'" aujtoi'" to them
acc pl aujtouv" aujtav" aujtav them
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Chapter 12 page 2
Three Uses ofaujtov" (#12.12)
use comment translation
1. Pronoun Non-intensive. he, she , it
2. Adj. intensive Usually predicate position. him/her/itself
Normally in the nominative.
3. Identical adj. Usually attributive position. same
1. aujto;" levgei ...2. to;n Ihsou'n aujtovn
Ihsou'" aujtov" ....
3. oJ aujto;" Ihsou'" ...
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Chapter 13 page 1
Chapter 13
ou|to" (#13.4)
masc fem neut
nom sg ou|to" au{th tou'to
gen sg touvtou tauvth" touvtou
dat sg touvtw/ tauvth/ touvtw/
acc sg tou'ton tauvthn tou'to
nom pl ou|toi au|tai tau'ta
gen pl touvtwn touvtwn touvtwn
dat pl touvtoi" tauvtai" touvtoi"
acc pl touvtou" tauvta" tau'ta
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Chapter 13 page 2
eeeejjjjkkkkeeeeiiiinnnnoooo"""" (#13.5)
masc fem neutnom sg ejkeino" ejkeinh ejkeino
gen sg ejkeinou ejkeinh" ejkeinou
dat sg ejkeinw/ ejkeinh/ ejkeinw/
acc sg ejkeinon ejkeinhn ejkeino
nom pl ejkeinoi ejkeinai ejkeina
gen pl ejkeinwn ejkeinwn ejkeinwn
dat pl ejkeinoi" ejkeinai" ejkeinoi"acc pl ejkeinou" ejkeina" ejkeina
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Chapter 14 page 1
Chapter 14
Relative Pronoun (#14.7)
2 1 2
masc fem neut translation
nom sg o{" h{ o{ who/which/that
gen sg ou| h|" ou| of whom/which
dat sg w/| h/| w/| to whom/which
acc sg o{n h{n o{ whom/which/that
nom pl oi{ ai{ a{ who/which/that
gen pl w|n w|n w|n of whom/which
dat pl oi|" ai|" oi|" to whom/which
acc pl ou{" a{" a{ whom/which/that
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Chapter 15 page 1
Chapter 15
Agreement (#15.3) Subject and verb mustagree in person andnumber.
Person (#15.4) First: I, We
Second: YouThird: He/She/It, They
Number (#15.5) Singular
Plural
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Chapter 15 page 2
Aspect (#15.6-7) Continuous
Undefined
Perfect
Undefined vs. Punctiliar
Tense (#15.11) Present
Future
Past
Time (#15.11)
Voice (#15.12) Active
Middle
Passive
Mood (#15.13) Indicative
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Chapter 15 page 3
Parts of the Verb (#15.16-18)
luv o men
Stem (#15.16)
Personal ending (#15.18)
Connecting vowel (#15.17)
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Chapter 16 page 1
Chapter 16
Present Active Indicative (#16.3,10)
Present Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Primary Active Personal Endings
lu + o + men luvomen
form translation c.v. p.e.
1 sg luv w I am loosing o -
2 sg luv ei" You are loosing e "
3 sg luv ei He/she/it is loosing e i
1 pl luv omen We are loosing o men2 pl luv ete You are loosing e te
3 pl luv ousi(n) They are loosing o nsi
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Chapter 16 page 2
First of Four Endings (#16.12)
luvw (-)
luvei" (")
luvei (i)
luvomen (men)luvete (te)
luvousi(n) (nsi)
secondary tenses
activevoice
midd
le/passivevoice
primary tenses
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Chapter 16 page 3
Master Verb Chart
Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st sing
Redup stem form. vowel endings paradigm
Present act pres o/e prim act luvw
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Chapter 16 page 4
Do You Feel Like You Are Sinking?
Hang In There!
DANGER!Greek Quicksand
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Chapter 17 page 1
Chapter 17
Five Rules of Contraction (#17.4)
1. ou is formed by eo, oe, and oo.
2. ei is formed by ee.3. w is formed from almost any
combination of omicron or
omega with any other vowel,
except for rule #1.
4. a is formed from ae
5. h is formed from ea.
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Chapter 17 page 2
Alternate Rules of Contraction (####17.8)
1. Two like vowels form their common longvowel.
2. Exception: When e and e contract theyform ei, and when o and o contract they
form ou.
3. An o or w will overcome an a, e, or hregardless of their order, and form w.
4. Exception: When an e and o contractthey form ou, regardless of their order.
5. If an acomes before an e or an h, theywill contract to an a.
If an e or an h comes before an a, theywill contract to an h.
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Chapter 17 page 3
Contractions (#17.10-11)
aaaa eeee hhhh iiii uuuu oooo wwww
aaaa a a a ai au w w
eeee h eeeeiiii h ei eu oooouuuu w
oooo w oooouuuu w oi ou oooouuuu w
aaaaiiii/aaaa//// eeeeiiii eeeeiiii hhhh//// ooooiiii oooouuuu wwww//// aaaa a/ a/ a a/ w/ w w/
eeee h/ ei ei h/ oi ou w/
oooo w/ oi ou oi oi ou w
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Chapter 18 page 1
Chapter 18
Present Passive Indicative (#18.4)
Present Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Primary Passive Personal Endings
lu + o + mai luvomai
form translation c.v. p.e.
1 sg luv o mai I am being loosed o mai
2 sg luv h/ You are being loosed e sai
3 sg luv e tai He/she/it is being loosed e tai
1 pl lu ov meqa We are being loosed o meqa2 pl luv e sqe You are being loosed e sqe
3 pl luv o ntai They are being loosed o ntai
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Chapter 18 page 2
Second of Four Endings (#18.6)
luvw (-)
luvei" (")
luvei (i)
luvomen (men)luvete (te)
luvousi(n) (nsi)
secondary tenses
activevoice
luvomai (mai)luvh/ (sai)
luvetai (tai)
luovmeqa (meqa)
luvesqe (sqe)
luvontai (ntai)middle
/passivevoice
primary tenses
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Chapter 18 page 3
Present Middle Indicative (#18.10-11)
Present Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Primary Passive Personal Endings
erc + o + mai e[rcomai
form definition c.v. p.e.
1 sg e[rc o mai I come o mai2 sg e[rc h/ You come e sai
3 sg e[rc e tai He/she/it come e tai
1 pl ejrc ov meqa We come o meqa2 pl e[rc e sqe You come e sqe
3 pl e[rc o ntai They come o ntai
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Chapter 18 page 4
Master Verb Chart
Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st sing
Redup stem form. vowel endings paradigm
Present act pres o/e prim act luvw
Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai
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Chapter 19 page 1
Chapter 19
Future Active Indicative (#19.4,9)
Future Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (s) + Connecting Vowel +
Primary Active Personal Endings
lu + s + o + men luvsomen
form definition c.v. p.e.
1 sg luv s w I will loose o -
2 sg luv s ei" You will loose e "
3 sg luv s ei He/she/it will loose e i
1 pl luv s omen We will loose o men2 pl luv s ete You will loose e te
3 pl luv s ou'si(n) They will loose o nsi
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Chapter 19 page 2
Future Middle Indicative (#19.14,15)
Future Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (s) + Connecting Vowel +
Primary Passive Personal Endings
poreu + s + o + mai poreuvsomai
form translation c.v. p.e.
1 sg poreuv s o mai I will go o mai2 sg poreuv s h/ You will go e sai
3 sg poreuv s e tai He/she/it will go e tai
1 pl poreu s ov meqa We will go o meqa
2 pl poreuv s e sqe You will go e sqe3 pl poreuv s o ntai They will go o ntai
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Chapter 19 page 3
Master Verb Chart
Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st sing
Redup stem form. vowel endings paradigm
Present act pres o/e prim act luvw
Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai
Future act fut act s o/e prim act luvsw
Future mid fut act s o/e prim mid/pas ejleuvsomai
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Chapter 20 page 1
Chapter 20
Verbal Root and Stem (#20.2-3)
VerbalRoot
Present
ste
m
Futur
es
tem
Imperfect
ste
m
Aoris
ts
tem
Perfect
ste
m
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Chapter 20 page 2
Liquid Future Active (#20.16-17)
Future Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (es) + Connecting Vowel +
Primary Active Personal Endings
krin + es + o + men krinou'men
form translation
1 sg krinw' I will judge eso -
2 sg krinei" You willjudge ese "3 sg krinei He/she/it willjudge ese i
1 pl krinou'men We willjudge eso men
2 pl krineite You willjudge ese te3 pl krinou'si(n) They willjudge eso nsi
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Chapter 20 page 3
Liquid Future Middle (#20.18-19)
Future Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (es) + Connecting Vowel +
Primary Passive Personal Endings
krin + es + o + meqa krinouvmeqa
form translation
1 sg krinou'mai I willjudge eso mai2 sg krinh'/ You willjudge ese sai
3 sg krineitai He/she/it willjudge ese tai
1 pl krinouvmeqa We willjudge eso meqa
2 pl krineisqe You willjudge ese sqe3 pl krinou'ntai They willjudge eso ntai
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Chapter 20 page 4
Master Verb Chart
Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st sing
Redup stem form. vowel endings paradigm
Present act pres o/e prim act luvw
Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai
Future act fut act s o/e prim act luvsw
Liquid fut act fut act es o/e prim act krinw'
Future mid fut act s o/e prim mid/pas ejleuvsomai
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Chapter 21 page 1
Chapter 21
Imperfect Active (#21.6-7)
Augment + Present Active Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Secondary Active Personal Endings
ej + lu + o + men ejluvomen
form translation c.v. p.e.
1 sg e[ lu o n I was loosing o n
2 sg e[ lu e " You were loosing e "
3 sg e[ lu e(n) He/she/it was loosing e -(n)
1 pl ej luv o men We were loosing o men2 pl ej luv e te You were loosing e te
3 pl e[ lu o n They were loosing o n
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Chapter 21 page 2
Imperfect Middle/Passive (#21.8-9)
Augment + Present Passive Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Secondary Passive Personal Endings
ej + lu + o + mhn ejluvomhn
form translation c.v. p.e.
1 sg ej lu ov mhn I was being loosing o mhn2 sg ej luv o u You were loosing e so
3 sg ej luv e to He/she/it was loosing e to
1 pl ej lu ov meqa We were loosing o meqa
2 pl ej luv e sqe You were loosing e sqe3 pl ej luv o nto They were loosing o nto
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Chapter 21 page 3
Final Four Endings (#21.14)
luvw (-)
luvei" (")
luvei (i)
luvomen (men)luvete (te)
luvousi(n) (nsi)
secondary tenses
acti
vevoice
luvomai (mai)luvh/ (sai)
luvetai (tai)
luovmeqa (meqa)
luvesqe (sqe)
luvontai (ntai)midd
le/passivevoice
e[luon (n)
e[lue" (")
e[lue(n) (-)
ejluvomen (men)ejluvete (te)
e[luon (n)
primary tenses
ejluvomhn (mhn)ejluvou (so)
ejluveto (to)
ejluovmeqa (meqa)
ejluvesqe (sqe)
ejluvonto (nto)
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Chapter 21 page 4
Master Verb Chart
Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st sing
Redup stem form. vowel endings paradigm
Present act pres o/e prim act luvw
Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai
Imperfect act e pres o/e sec act e[luon
Imperfect mid/pas e pres o/e sec mid/pas ejluovmhn
Future act fut act s o/e prim act luvsw
Liquid fut act fut act es o/e prim act krinw'
Future mid fut act s o/e prim mid/pas ejleuvsomai
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Chapter 22 page 1
Chapter 22
Second Aorist Active (#22.4)
Augment + Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Secondary Active Personal Endings
ej + lab + o + men ejlavbomen
form translation c.v. p.e.
1 sg e[ lab o n I took o n
2 sg e[ lab e " You took e "
3 sg e[ lab e(n) He/she/it took e -(n)
1 pl ej lavb o men We took o men2 pl ej lavb e te You took e te
3 pl e[ lab o n They took o n
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Chapter 22 page 2
Second Aorist Middle (#22.13)
Augment + Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Secondary Passive Personal Endings
ej + gen + o + mhn ejgenovmhn
form translation c.v. p.e.
1 sg ej gen ov mhn I became o mhn2 sg ej gevn o u You became e so
3 sg ej gevn e to He/she/it became e to
1 pl ej gen ov meqa We became o meqa
2 pl ej gevn e sqe You became e sqe3 pl ej gevn o nto They became o nto
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Chapter 22 page 3
Master Verb Chart
Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st sing
Redup stem form. vowel endings paradigm
Present act pres o/e prim act luvw
Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai
Imperfect act e pres o/e sec act e[luon
Imperfect mid/pas e pres o/e sec mid/pas ejluovmhn
Future act fut act s o/e prim act luvsw
Liquid fut act fut act es o/e prim act krinw'
Future mid fut act s o/e prim mid/pas ejleuvsomai
2nd aorist act e aor act o/e sec act e[labon
2nd aorist mid e aor act o/e sec mid/pas ejgenovmhn
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Chapter 23 page 1
Chapter 23
First Aorist Active (#23.3)
Augment + Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (sa) +
Secondary Active Personal Endings
ej + lu + sa + men ejluvsamen
form translation t.f. p.e.
1 sg e[ lu sa I loosed sa -
2 sg e[ lu sa " You loosed sa "
3 sg e[ lu se(n) He/she/it loosed se -(n)
1 pl ej luv sa men We loosed sa men2 pl ej luv sa te You loosed sa te
3 pl e[ lu sa n They loosed sa n
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Chapter 23 page 2
Liquid Aorists (#23.12-13)
Augment + Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (a) +
Secondary Active Personal Endings
ej + mein + a + men ejmeinamen
form translation t.f. p.e.
1 sg e[ mein a I remained a -2 sg e[ mein a " You remained a "
3 sg e[ mein e (n) He/she/it remained e -(n)
1 pl ej mein a men We remained a men
2 pl ej mein a te You remained a te3 pl e[ mein a n They remained a n
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Chapter 23 page 3
First Aorist Middle (#23.15-16)
Augment + Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (sa) +
Secondary Passive Personal Endings
ej + lu + sa + mhn ejlusavmhn
form translation t.f. p.e.
1 sg ej lu sav mhn I loosed sa mhn2 sg ej luv s w You loosed sa so
3 sg ej luv sa to He/she/it loosed sa to
1 pl ej lu sav meqa We loosed sa meqa
2 pl ej luv sa sqe You loosed sa sqe3 pl ej luv sa nto They loosed sa nto
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Chapter 23 page 4
Master Verb Chart
Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st sing
Redup stem form. vowel endings paradigm
Present act pres o/e prim act luvw
Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai
Imperfect act e pres o/e sec act e[luon
Imperfect mid/pas e pres o/e sec mid/pas ejluovmhn
Future act fut act s o/e prim act luvsw
Liquid fut act fut act es o/e prim act krinw'Future mid fut act s o/e prim mid/pas ejleuvsomai
1st aorist act e aor act sa sec act e[lusa
Liquid aorist act e aor act a sec act e[meina
2nd aorist act e aor act o/e sec act e[labon
1st aorist mid e aor act sa sec mid/pas ejluvsamhn
2nd aorist mid e aor act o/e sec mid/pas ejgenovmhn
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Chapter 24 page 1
Chapter 24
First Aorist Passive (#24.3)
Augment + Aorist Passive Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (qh) +
Secondary Active Personal Endings
ej + lu + qh + n ejluvqhn
form translation t.f. p.e.
1 sg ej luv qh n I was loosed qh n
2 sg ej luv qh " You were loosed qh "
3 sg ej luv qh He/she/it was loosed qh -
1 pl ej luv qh men We were loosed qh men2 pl ej luv qh te You were loosed qh te
3 pl ej lu qh san They were loosed qh san
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Chapter 24 page 2
Second Aorist Passive (#24.10)
Augment + Aorist Passive Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (h) +
Secondary Active Personal Endings
ej + graf + h + men ejgravfhmen
form translation t.f. p.e.
1 sg ej gravf h n I was written h mhn2 sg ej gravf h " You were written h so
3 sg ej gravf h He/she/it was written h to
1 pl ej gravf h men We were written h meqa
2 pl ej gravf h te You were written h sqe3 pl ej gravf h san They were written h nto
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Chapter 24 page 3
First Future Passive (#24.12)
Aorist Passive Tense Stem (without augment) +
Tense Formative (qhs) + Connecting Vowel +
Primary Passive Personal Endings
lu + qhs + o + mai luqhvsomai
form translation t.f.+c.v. p.e.
1 sg lu qhvs o mai I will be loosed qhso mai
2 sg lu qhvs h/ You will be loosed qhse sai
3 sg lu qhvs e tai He/she/it will be loosed qhse tai
1 pl lu qhs ov meqa We will be loosed qhso meqa
2 pl lu qhvs esqe You will be loosed qhse sqe3 pl lu qhvs o ntai They will be loosed qhso ntai
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Chapter 24 page 4
Second Future Passive (#24.15)
Aorist Passive Tense Stem (without augment) +
Tense Formative (hs) + Connecting Vowel +
Primary Passive Personal Endings
ajpostal + hs + o + mai ajpostalhvsomai
form translation p.e.
1 sg ajpostal hvs o mai I will be sent mai
2 sg ajpostal hvs h/ You will be sent sai
3 sg ajpostal hvs e tai He/she/it will be sent tai
1 pl ajpostal hs ov meqa We were written meqa
2 pl ajpostal hvs e sqe You were written sqe3 pl ajpostal hvs o ntai They were written ntai
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Chapter 24 page 5
Master Verb Chart
Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st sing
Redup stem form. vowel endings paradigm
Present act pres o/e prim act luvw
Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai
Imperfect act e pres o/e sec act e[luon
Imperfect mid/pas e pres o/e sec mid/pas ejluovmhn
Future act fut act s o/e prim act luvsw
Liquid fut act fut act es o/e prim act krinw'Future mid fut act s o/e prim mid/pas ejleuvsomai
1st future pas aor pas qhs o/e prim mid/pas luqhvsomai
2nd future pas aor pas hs o/e prim mid/pas ajpostalhvsomai
1st aorist act e aor act sa sec act e[lusa
Liquid aorist act e aor act a sec act e[meina
2nd aorist act e aor act o/e sec act e[labon
1st aorist mid e aor act sa sec mid/pas ejluvsamhn
2nd aorist mid e aor act o/e sec mid/pas ejgenovmhn
1st aorist pas e aor pas qh sec act ejluvqhn
2nd aorist pas e aor pas h sec act ejgravfhn
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Chapter 25 page 1
Chapter 25
Perfect Active (#25.4)
Reduplication + Perfect Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (ka) +
Primary Active Personal Endings
l + e + lu + ka + men leluvkamen
form translation t.f. p.e.
1 sg lev lu ka I have loosed ka -
2 sg lev lu ka " You have loosed ka "
3 sg lev lu ke (n) He/she/it have loosed ke -(n)
1 pl le luv ka men We have loosed ka men2 pl le luv ka te You have loosed ka te
3 pl le luv ka si(n) They have loosed ka si(n)
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Chapter 25 page 2
Perfect (Middle/Passive) (#25.5)
Reduplication +
Perfect Middle/Passive Tense Stem +
Primary Passive Personal Endings
l + e + lu + mai levlumai
form translation p.e.
1 sg lev lu mai I have been loosed mai
2 sg lev lu sai You have been loosed sai
3 sg lev lu tai He/she/it have been loosed tai
1 pl le luv meqa We have been loosed meqa
2 pl lev lu sqe You have been loosed sqe3 pl lev lu ntai They have been loosed ntai
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Chapter 25 page 3
Reduplication of Stops (#25.6)
p b f pe
k g c ket d q te
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Chapter 25 page 4
Master Verb Chart (#25.19)
Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st sing
Redup stem form. vowel endings paradigm
Present act pres o/e prim act luvw
Present mid/pas pres o/e prim mid/pas luvomai
Imperfect act e pres o/e sec act e[luon
Imperfect mid/pas e pres o/e sec mid/pas ejluovmhn
Future act fut act s o/e prim act luvsw
Liquid fut act fut act es o/e prim act krinw'
Future mid fut act s o/e prim mid/pas ejleuvsomai
1st future pas aor pas qhs o/e prim mid/pas luqhvsomai
2nd future pas aor pas hs o/e prim mid/pas ajpostalhvsomai
1st aorist act e aor act sa sec act e[lusa
Liquid aorist act e aor act a sec act e[meina
2nd aorist act e aor act o/e sec act e[labon
1st aorist mid e aor act sa sec mid/pas ejluvsamhn
2nd aorist mid e aor act o/e sec mid/pas ejgenovmhn
1st aorist pas e aor pas qh sec act ejluvqhn
2nd aorist pas e aor pas h sec act ejgravfhn
1st perfect act le perf act ka prim act levluka
2nd perfect act le perf act a prim act gevgona
Perfect mid/pas le perf pas prim mid/pas levlumai
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Chapter 26 page 1
Chapter 26
Participles
Verbal Adjective
Tense: present; aorist; perfect
Voice: active; middle; passiveVerbal modifiers
Case: nom; gen; dat; accNumber:singular; pluralGender: masc; fem; neut
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Chapter 26 page 2
Your Guess
luouvsh/lusavntwn
lelukovto"
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Chapter 27 page 1
Chapter 27
Summary of Participles (#27.1,3)
Guidelines for Present Adverbial
1. Present tense verbal stem
2. Continuous action
3. Related to verb (while + ing)
Present Tense Stem + Connecting Vowel +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
pisteu + o + nt + e" pisteuvonte"
masc fem neut
act nt ousa ntmid/pas meno menh meno
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Chapter 27 page 2
Present (Continuous) Active (#27.5)
Present Tense Stem + Connecting Vowel +Active Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
lu + o + nt + e" luvonte
3 1 3
masc fem neut
nom sg luvwn luvousa lu'on
gen sg luvonto" luouvsh" luvonto"
dat sg luvonti luouvsh/ luvonti
acc sg luvonta luvousan lu'on
nom pl luvonte" luvousai luvonta
gen pl luovntwn luousw'n luovntwn
dat pl luvousi(n) luouvsai" luvousi(n)
acc pl luvonta" luouvsa" luvonta
masc fem neut
act nt ousa nt
mid/pas meno menh meno
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Chapter 27 page 3
Present (Continuous) Mid/Pas (#27.7)
Present Tense Stem + Connecting Vowel +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
lu + o + meno + " luovmenoi
2 1 2
masc fem neut
nom sg luovmeno" luomevnh luovmenon
gen sg luomevnou luomevnh" luomevnou
dat sg luomevnw/ luomevnh/ luomevnw/
acc sg luovmenon luomevnhn luovmenon
nom pl luovmenoi luovmenai luovmena
gen pl luomevnwn luomevnwn luomevnwn
dat pl luomevnoi" luomevnai" luomevnoi"
acc pl luomevnou" luomevna" luovmena
masc fem neut
act nt ousa nt
mid/pas meno menh meno
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Chapter 27 page 4
Forms You Should Know
Present active: ont, ousa wn ousa ononto" oush" onto"
Present middle/passive: omeno/h omeno" omenh omenonomenou omenh" omenou
Participle Morphemesnt (active)meno/h (middle/passive)
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Chapter 28 page 1
Chapter 28
First Aorist (Undefined) Active (#28.7-8)
Unaugmented Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (sa) +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
lu + sa + nt + o" luvsanto"
3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg luvsa" luvsasa lu'san
gen sg luvsanto" lusavsh" luvsanto"
dat sg luvsanti lusavsh/ luvsanti
acc sg luvsanta luvsasan lu'san
nom pl luvsante" luvsasai luvsanta
gen pl lusavntwn lusasw'n lusavntwn
dat pl luvsasi(n) lusavsai" luvsasi(n)
acc pl luvsanta" lusavsa" luvsanta
masc fem neutnom sg sa" sasa san
gen sg santo" sash" santo"
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Chapter 28 page 2
First Aorist (Undefined) Middle (#28.9)
Unaugmented Aorist Middle Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (sa) +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
lu + sa + meno + " lusavmeno"
2 1 2
masc fem neuter
nom sg lusavmeno" lusamevnh lusavmenon
gen sg lusamevnou lusamevnh" lusamevnou
dat sg lusamevnw/ lusamevnh/ lusamevnw/
acc sg lusavmenon lusamevnhn lusavmenon
nom pl lusavmenoi lusavmenai lusavmena
gen pl lusamevnwn lusamevnwn lusamevnwn
dat pl lusamevnoi" lusamevnai" lusamevnoi"
acc pl lusamevnou" lusamevna" lusavmena
masc fem neut
nom sg sameno" samenh samenon
gen sg samenou samenh" samenou
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Chapter 28 page 3
First Aorist (Undefined) Passive (#28.10)
Unaugmented Aorist Passive Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (qh) +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
lu + qe + nt + o" luqevnto"
3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg luqei" luqei'sa luqevn
gen sg luqevnto" luqeish" luqevnto"
dat sg luqevnti luqeish/ luqevnti
acc sg luqevnta luqei'san luqevn
nom pl luqevnte" luqei'sai luqevnta
gen pl luqevntwn luqeisw'n luqevntwn
dat pl luqei'si(n) luqeisai" luqei'si(n)
acc pl luqevnta" luqeisa" luqevnta
masc fem neut
nom sg qei" qeisa qen
gen sg qento" qeish" qento"
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Chapter 28 page 4
Second Aorist (Undefined) Active (#28.12)
Unaugmented Aorist Active Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
lip + o + nt + o" lipovnte"
3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg lipwvn lipou'sa lipovn
gen sg lipovnto" lipouvsh" lipovnto"
dat sg lipovnti lipouvsh/ lipovnti
acc sg lipovnta lipou'san lipovn
nom pl lipovnte" lipou'sai lipovnta
gen pl lipovntwn lipousw'n lipovntwn
dat pl lipou'si(n) lipouvsai" lipou'si(n)
acc pl lipovntou" lipouvsa" lipovnta
masc fem neut
nom sg wn ousa on
gen sg onto" oush" onto"
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Chapter 28 page 5
Second Aorist (Undefined) Middle (#28.13)
Unaugmented Aorist Middle Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
lip + o + meno + " lipovmeno"
2 1 2
masc fem neuter
nom sg lipovmeno" lipomevnh lipovmenon
gen sg lipomevnou lipomevnh" lipomevnou
dat sg lipomevnw/ lipomevnh/ lipomevnw/
acc sg lipovmenon lipomevnhn lipovmenon
nom pl lipovmenoi lipovmenai lipovmena
gen pl lipomevnwn lipomevnwn lipomevnwn
dat pl lipomevnoi" lipomevnai" lipomevnoi"
acc pl lipomevnou" lipomevna" lipovmena
masc fem neut
nom sg omeno" omenh omenon
gen sg omenou omenh" omenou
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Chapter 28 page 6
Second Aorist (Undefined) Passive (#28.13)
Unaugmented Aorist Passive Tense Stem +
Connecting Vowel +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
graf + e + nt + e" grafevnte"
3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg grafei" grafei'sa grafevn
gen sg grafevnto" grafeish" grafevnto"
dat sg grafevnti grafeish/ grafevnti
acc sg grafevnta grafei'san grafevn
nom pl grafevnte" grafei'sai grafevnta
gen pl grafevntwn grafeisw'n grafevntwn
dat pl grafei'si(n) grafeisai" grafei'si(n)
acc pl grafevnta" grafeisa" grafevnta
masc fem neut
nom sg ei" eisa en
gen sg ento" eish" ento"
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Chapter 28 page 7
Forms You Should Know
Present active: ont, ousa wn ousa ononto" oush" onto"
Present middle/passive: omeno/h omeno" omenh omenonomenou omenh" omenou
First aorist active: sant, sasa sa" sasa sansanto" sash" santo"
First aorist middle: sameno/h sameno" samenh samenonsamenou samenh" samenou
First aorist passive: qent, qeisa qei" qeisa qenqento" qeish" qento"
Second aorist active: ont, ousa wn ousa ononto" oush" onto"
Second aorist middle: omeno/h omeno" omenh omenonomenou omenh" omenou
Second aorist passive: eisa, ent ei" eisa enento" eish" ento"
Participle Morphemesnt (active)meno/h (middle/passive)
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Chapter 30 page 1
Chapter 30
Perfect Active (#30.3)
Reduplication + Perfect Tense Stem +
Tense Formative (k) +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
le + lu + k + ot + e" lelukovte"
3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg lelukwv" lelukui'a lelukov"
gen sg lelukovto" lelukuiva" lelukovto"
dat sg lelukovti lelukuiva/ lelukovti
acc sg lelukovta lelukui'an lelukov"
nom pl lelukovte" lelukui'ai lelukovta
gen pl lelukovtwn lelukuiw'n lelukovtwn
dat pl lelukovsi(n) lelukuivai" lelukovsi(n)
acc pl lelukovta" lelukuiva" lelukovta
masc fem neutnom sg kw" kuia ko"
gen sg koto" kuia" koto"
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Chapter 30 page 2
Perfect Middle/Passive (#30.4)
Reduplication + Perfect Tense Stem +
Participle Morpheme + Case Endings
le + lu + meno + " lelumevno"
3 1 3
masc fem neuter
nom sg lelumevno" lelumevnh lelumevnon
gen sg lelumevnou lelumevnh" lelumevnou
dat sg lelumevnw/ lelumevnh/ lelumevnw/
acc sg lelumevnon lelumevnhn lelumevnon
nom pl lelumevnoi lelumevnai lelumevna
gen pl lelumevnwn lelumevnwn lelumevnwn
dat pl lelumevnoi" lelumevnai" lelumevnoi"
acc pl lelumevnou" lelumevna" lelumevna
masc fem neut
nom sg meno" menh menon
gen sg menou menh" menou
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Chapter 30 page 3
Forms You Should Know
Present active: ont, ousa wn ousa ononto" oush" onto"
Present middle/passive: omeno/h omeno" omenh omenonomenou omenh" omenou
First aorist active: sant, sasa sa" sasa sansanto" sash" santo"
First aorist middle: sameno/h sameno" samenh samenonsamenou samenh" samenou
First aorist passive: qent, qeisa qei" qeisa qenqento" qeish" qento"
Second aorist active: ont, ousa wn ousa ononto" oush" onto"
Second aorist middle: omeno/h omeno" omenh omenonomenou omenh" omenou
Second aorist passive: eisa, ent ei" eisa enento" eish" ento"
First perfect active: kot, kuia kw" kuia ko"koto" kuia" koto"
First perfect middle/passive: meno/h meno" menh menonmenou menh" menou
Participle Morphemesnt (active)meno/h (middle/passive)ot (perfect active)
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Chapter 32 page 1
Chapter 32
Infinitive (#32.4)
present 1st aorist 2nd aorist perfect
active ein sai ein naimiddle esqai sasqai esqai sqai
passive esqai qhnai hnai sqai
present 1st aorist 2nd aorist perfect
active luvein lu'sai lipei'n lelukevnai
middle luvesqai luvsasqai lipevsqai leluvsqaipassive luvesqai luqh'nai grafh'nai leluvsqai
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Chapter 32 page 2
Uses of the Infinitive (#32.9-13)
1. Substantive
2. Complementary infinitive
3. Articular infintive with preposition
a. diav because
b. eij" in order that
c. ejn when/while
d. metav after
e. prov before
f. prov" in order that
4. Purpose
a. articular infinitive with eij" or prov"b. articular infinitive with article in the genitive
c. infinitive
5. Result
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Chapter 33 page 1
Chapter 33
Imperative (#33.6)
active and aorist passive middle/passive
2 sg - n
3 sg tw sqw2 pl te sqe
3 pl twsan sqwsan
present first aorist translation
active
2 sg lu'e lu'son (You) Loose!3 sg luevtw lusavtw Let him loose!
2 pl luvete luvsate (You) loose!3 pl luevtwsan lusavtwsan Let them loose!
middle
2 sg luvou lu'sai (You) loose for yourself!3 sg luevsqw lusavsqw Let him loose for himself!
2 pl luvesqe luvsasqe (You) loose!3 pl luevsqwsan lusavsqwsan Let them loose!
passive
2 sg luvou luvqhti (You) be loosed!3 sg luevsqw luqhvtw Let him be loosed!
2 pl luvesqe luvqhte (You) be loosed!3 pl luevsqwsan luqhvtwsan Let them be loosed!
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Chapter 34 page 1
Chapter 34
Rule #1 (#34.6)
Rule One:mi verbs reduplicate
their initial stem letter to form the
present, and separate the
reduplicated consonant with an
iota.
i wddw
didwwid
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Chapter 34 page 2
Rule #2 (#34.7)
Rule Two:miverbs do notordinarily use a connecting (i.e.,
thematic) vowel in the
indicative.The personal ending is
added directly to the stem.
di + *do + men didwmen
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Chapter 34 page 3
Rule #3 (#34.8)
Rule 3:miverbs employ threedifferent personal endings in the
present active.
mi verbs thematic conjugation
1 sg didwmi mi luvw -
2 sg didw" " luvei" "
3 sg didwsi(n) si luvei i
1 pl didomen men luvomen men
2 pl didote te luvete te
3 pl didovasi(n) asi luvousi(n) nsi
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Chapter 34 page 4
Rule #4 (#34.9)
Rule Four:the stem vowel ofmiverbs can lengthen, shorten, or
drop out (ablaut).
didwmi
didomen
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Chapter 34 page 5
Rule #5 (#34.10)
Rule Five:Most of themiverbsuse kaas their tense formative in
the aorist.
mi verbs thematic conjugation
1 sg e[dwka e[lusa
2 sg e[dwka" e[lusa"
3 sg e[dwke(n) e[luse(n)
1 pl ejdwvkamen ejluvsamen
2 pl ejdwvkate ejluvsate
3 pl e[dwkan e[lusan
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Chapter 34 page 6
ddddiiiiddddwwwwmmmmiiii in the Indicative (#34.11)
present imperfect future aorist perfect
1 sg didwmi ejdidoun dwvsw e[dwka devdwka
2 sg didw" ejdidou" dwvsei" e[dwka" devdwka"
3 sg didwsi(n) ejdidou dwvsei e[dwke(n) devdwke(n)
1 pl didomen ejdidomen dwvsomen ejdwvkamendedwvkamen
2 pl didote ejdidote dwvsete ejdwvkate dedwvkate
3 pl didovasi(n) ejdidosan dwvsousi(n) e[dwkan devdwkan
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Chapter 34 page 7
Lets Practive
1. dwvsete2. ejdidou"
3. e[dwka
4. didwsin
5. devdwke
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Chapter 35 page 1
Chapter 35
Present Active Indicative (#35.2)
*sta *qe *do *deiknu
1 sg i{sthmi tiqhmi didwmi deiknumi
2 sg i{sth" tiqh" didw" deiknuvei"
3 sg i{sthsi(n) tiqhsi(n) didwsi(n) deiknusi (n)
1 pl i{stamen tiqemen didomen deiknumen2 pl i{state tiqete didote deiknute
3 pl iJsta'si(n) tiqevasi(n) didovasi(n) deiknuvasi(n)