Mosby items and derived items © 2005, 2001 by Mosby, Inc. Perspectives in Pediatric Nursing...

Mosby items and derived items © 2005, 2001 by Mosby, Inc.

Perspectives in Pediatric Nursing

Lecture 3-A

Perspectives in Pediatric Nursing

Clinical Application for Child Health Nursing

NUR 327

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Health During Childhood• Health is a state of complete physical,

mental, and social well-being and not merely the ABSENCE of DISEASE.

—The World Health Organization

Perspectives of Pediatric Nursing

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Definitions• Neonatal period: <28 days of life

• Postnatal period: 28 days to 11 months

• Infant: the first year of life


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Birth Weight• Is the major determinant of neonatal

death.

• LBW: <2500 g

• Lower birth weight = Higher mortality


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United Nations’ Declaration

of the Rights of the Child• All children need:

• To be free from discrimination

• To develop physically and mentally in freedom and dignity

• To have a name and nationality

• To have adequate nutrition, housing, recreation, and medical services


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United Nations’ Declaration of the Rights of the Child (cont’d)

• To receive special treatment if handicapped• To receive love• To receive an education and develop his/her

abilities

• To be protected from neglect, cruelty, and exploitation

• To be the first to receive protection in disaster


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Pediatric Nurse Practitioners

Services• -Advanced education in pediatric nursing

and health care (Hold national certification)

• Work closely with pediatrics and other health care providers.

• Give the three levels of health prevention.


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Levels of Health Prevention

Levels of Health Prevention Description

Primary health prevention

Prevent the occurrence of disease

Secondary health prevention

Early detection and intervention

Tertiary health prevention

Prevent further deterioration

(rehabilitation)


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Setting of Pediatric Health Nurse

School nurse

• Hospital nurse

• Primary health centers

• Community health nurse


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Roles of the Pediatric Nurse

Health promotion and disease prevention Health teaching. Support/counseling. Applied the three levels of health prevention Coordination/collaboration Ethical decision making Health care planning Research


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Statistical terms

Birth rate The number of birth per 1000 population

Neonatal death rate

The no. of deaths per 1000 live births occurring between birth and the first 28 days of life

Infant mortality

The no. of deaths per 1000 live births occurring at birth or on the first 12 months of extra uterine life

Maternal mortality

The no. of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births that occur as a direct result of the childbearing process


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Health promotion and nursing management of

common health problems of infant, early childhood, school-age-children, and

adolescence


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Lecture 3-B


Infant Physical Tasks

Physical Tasks: 0 - 6 months: Fastest growth period Head circumference is equal to or larger than chest circumference Posterior fontanel closes at 3 months Vital signs: HR and RR faster and irregular

Physical Tasks 6 - 12 months: Teeth begin to come in


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Infant Nutrition

Birth – 6 months: Breast milk is most complete diet Iron-fortified formulas are acceptable No solid foods before 4-6 months

6 - 12 months: Breast milk or formula continues Diluted juices can be introduced Introduction of solid foods: cereal, vegetables, fruits, meats


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Toddler

Physical Tasks:• Slow growth period• Anterior fontanel closes at 18 months• Primary dentition (20 teeth) complete by 2½ years• Develops sphincter control – toilet training possible

Motor Tasks: • Walks alone by 12 - 18 months


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Toddler Nutrition

Able to feed Appetite decreases- physiologic anorexiaIncreased need for calcium, iron, and

phosphorus – risk for iron deficiency anemiaChoking is a hazard


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Preschooler

Physical Tasks:• Slow growth rate continues

Motor Tasks: • Walks up & down stairs

Able to start social side of eating Establish good eating habits -

obesityPerspectives of Pediatric Nursing

Preschooler Nutrition

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School-age

Physical Tasks:Slow growth continuesWeight doubles over this

periodAt age 12, girls are bigger

than boysHas all permanent teeth by

age 12


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School-Age Nutrition

“Junk” food becomes a problem Busy schedules – breakfast is important Obesity continues to be a risk Nutrition education should be integrated into the school program


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Adolescent

Physical tasks:Period of rapid growthPuberty starts


Sexual Development Girls Boys

Breasts develop Facial Hair growth

Menses begins Voice changes

Enlargement of testes at 13 yrs

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Adolescent Nutrition

Food intake needs to be balanced with energy expenditures

Increased needs for:Calcium for skeletal growthIron for increased blood cell developmentZinc for development of skeletal, muscle tissue and sexual maturation

Skipping breakfast, increased junk food, decreased fruits, veggies, milk Boys eat foods high in calories. Girls under-eat or have inadequate nutrient

intake.


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Play is the work of Children

Enhances Motor Skills Enhances Social Skills Enhances Verbal Skills Expresses Creativity Decreases Stress Helps Solve Problems


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Health Promotion

Childhood ImmunizationsNutritionScreenings throughout childhood(APGARS, newborn screenings, vision/hearing)

Health Teaching


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Injury Prevention & Safety Issues

Accidents are the leading cause of death in infants and toddlers (falls, burns, poisons)

Toddlers and Preschoolers – drowningSchool-age and adolescents – motor vehicle accidents

90% of all accidents are preventable!


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Mosby items and derived items © 2005, 2001 by Mosby, Inc. Perspectives in Pediatric Nursing...

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