Monografía MUESTRA.docx

7/21/2019 Monografa MUESTRA.docx

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FACULTAD DE INGENIERA

ESCUELA ACADMICO-PROFESIONAL

DE INGENIERA CIVIL

MONOGRAFA:

ANLISIS ESTRUCTURAL, DIAGNSTICO

Y CONSERVACIN DE CONSTRUCCIONES ANTIGUAS

AUTORES:

GUTIRREZ SNCHEZ, Leonardo

MENDOZA CARRIN, Diego

OLIVOS GONZALES,orge

ASESORAS:

CHAVARRIA REYES, Li!iana

CRDENAS OLAGUI"EL, Ga#rie!a

LIMA- PER

2013


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A!g$na% &er%ona% '$ieren '$e a!go o($rra,o)ra% %$e*an (on '$+ &a%ar,

o)ra% -a(en '$e %$(eda.

Mi(-ae!ordan

II


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A Dio%, a n$e%)ro% &adre%,

a/igo% 0 &ro1e%ore%

'$e no% #rindaron %$ a&o0o

0 /o)i2a(i3n en n$e%)ra% !a#ore%.

III


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E4&re%a/o% n$e%)roagrade(i/ien)o a n$e%)ra%

&ro1e%ora% Ga#rie!a Crdena%

0 Li!iana C-a2arr5a

&or orien)arno% en n$e%)ra /onogra15a.

IV


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NDICE

&g.

E&5gra1e II

Dedi(a)oria III

Agrade(i/ien)o IV

6ndi(e de )a#!a% VII

6ndi(e de 7g$ra% VII

In)rod$((i3n VIII

CAPTULO I

OBTENCIN DE DATOS: INFORMACIN E INVESTIGACIN8.8 In2e%)iga(i3n -i%)3ri(a, e%)r$()$ra! 0 ar'$i)e()3ni(a 9

8.8.8 In2e%)iga(i3n -i%)3ri(a 0 e%)r$()$ra! :

8.8.; In2e%)iga(i3n ar'$i)e()3ni(a :

8.; In%&e((i3n 2i%$a! de !a e%)r$()$ra

CAPTULO II

EL COMPORTAMIENTO ESTRUCTURAL

;.8 E! e%'$e/a e%)r$()$ra! 0 e! da*o ?

;.8.8 E%'$e/a de !a e%)r$()$ra 8@

;.8.; Da*o de !a e%)r$()$ra 8@;.; La% (ara()er5%)i(a% de !o% /a)eria!e% 0 !o% &ro(e%o% de! de)erioro 88

;.;.8 Cara()er5%)i(a% de !o% /a)eria!e% e/&!eado% 8;

;.;.; ro(e%o% de! de)erioro 8;

;.9 La% a((ione% en !a e%)r$()$ra 0 !o% /a)eria!e% 89

;.9.8 A((ione% en !a e%)r$()$ra 89

;.9.; Lo% /a)eria!e% de !a e%)r$()$ra 89

CAPTULO III

DIAGNSTICO Y EVALUACIN DEL NIVEL DE SEGURIDADV


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9.8 Iden)i1i(a(i3n de !a% (a$%a% 8

9.9 La% de(i%ione% 0 e! in1or/e e4&!i(a)i2o o /e/oria 8>

9.9.8 De(i%ione% 8

9.9.; In1or/e e4&!i(a)i2o 8

Con(!$%ione% ;@

Re1eren(ia% #i#!iogr7(a% ;8

Ane4o% ;9


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n!"# # $%&'%(

Ta#!a 8 N$e2o% in%$/o% &ara !a edi7(a(i3n

;9

n!"# # )*+,%(

ig$ra 8 Ma)eria!e% de re%)a$ra(i3n

ig$ra ; Me)odo!og5a &ara e! diagn3%)i(o 0 %$ a()$a(i3n ;:

VI

VII


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INTRODUCCIN

En !a a()$a!idad, %e o#%er2a en di%)in)o% !$gare% !a (on%er2a(i3n de!

&a)ri/onio ar'$i)e()3ni(o. E%)e, &or %$ &ro&ia na)$ra!eBa e -i%)oria a )ra2+%

de! )ie/&o, -a %$1rido $na de)eriora(i3n 0 &!an)ea de%a15o% e%&e(51i(o% en %$

an!i%i%, diagno%i% 0 re%)a$ra(i3n, '$e en (ier)o /odo !i/i)an !a a&!i(a(i3n de

!a% nor/a% 0 reg!a/en)o% a()$a!e% %o#re edi1i(a(i3n.

E! an!i%i% de e%)a% e%)r$()$ra% no% !!e2ar a )ra2+% de !a -i%)oria a

iden)i7(ar '$+ reg!a% %ig$ieron &ara %$ (on%)r$((i3n. Ade/%, e2a!$ar e!

e%)ado en '$e %e en($en)ran a &ar)ir de! an!i%i% de di2er%o% 1a()ore%, (o/o e!

e%)ado de %$ e%)r$()$ra, /a)eria!e% $%ado%, en)re o)ro%. E!!o no% &er/i)irdiagno%)i(ar %$ e%)ado 0 a&!i(ar !a de#ida 0 reg!a/en)ada (on%er2a(i3n de

di(-a (on%)r$((i3n o, en e! /eFor de !o% (a%o%, %$ re%)a$ra(i3n.

Se &!an)earn !a% (on%idera(ione% '$e %e de#en )ener &re%en)e 0 (on !a%

($a!e% %e &odr 1$nda/en)ar !a re%)a$ra(i3n ar'$i)e()3ni(a, ade/% de

2a!orar !a i/&or)an(ia de e%)e &a)ri/onio. E%)e )ra#aFo na(e (on e! o#Fe)i2o de

o#)ener e! /a0or (ono(i/ien)o &o%i#!e %o#re !a (a!idad de !o% /a)eria!e% 0

%i%)e/a% (on%)r$()i2o%, a%5 (o/o !o% ni2e!e% de (ada )i&o de in)er2en(i3n en%$ re%)a$ra(i3n, -a(iendo +n1a%i% en !a i/&or)an(ia '$e )iene !a in2e%)iga(i3n

(o/o $na -erra/ien)a &rin(i&a! &ara o#)ener (ono(i/ien)o% %o#re !a

e%)r$()$ra. A%i/i%/o, %e e1e()$arn $na %erie de ree4ione% re%&e()o de !a

e!e((i3n de !o% /a)eria!e% 0 )+(ni(a% a e/&!ear%e en %$ re%)a$ra(i3n.

La &re%en)e /onogra15a %e e%)r$()$ra en )re% (a&5)$!o% en e! &ri/ero, %e

&re%en)a !a o#)en(i3n de !o% da)o% /edian)e !a re(o!e((i3n de in1or/a(i3n de

!a in2e%)iga(i3n en e! %eg$ndo, ana!iBa/o% e! (o/&or)a/ien)o e%)r$()$ra! de!a (on%)r$((i3n, %o#re )odo en %$% /a)eria!e% 0 e! da*o '$e -a &odido o#)ener

a )ra2+% de! )ie/&o 0 en e! )er(er (a&5)$!o, %e e%)$dian !o% diagn3%)i(o% 0 !a

e2a!$a(i3n de! ni2e! de %eg$ridad '$e &re%en)a !a e%)r$()$ra.

En de7ni)i2a, &re)ende/o% en e%)e )ra#aFo in1or/ar 0 &ro/o2er e!

an!i%i%, diagn3%)i(o 0 (on%er2a(i3n de !o% &a)ri/onio% ar'$i)e()3ni(o%

-i%)3ri(o% 0 !a% (on%)r$((ione% '$e no %on &a)ri/onio, &ero (on $n !argo

&eriodo de an)igedad.


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VIII


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CAPTULOI

OBTENCIN DE DATOS: INFORMACIN E

INVESTIGACIN


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OBTENCIN DE DATOS: INFORMACIN E

INVESTIGACIN

ara e! e%)$dio de $n &a)ri/onio ar'$i)e()3ni(o, e% ne(e%ario e

indi%&en%a#!e e! (ono(i/ien)o, 0a %ea (ien)51i(o 0 ($!)$ra!, a%5 (o/o de !a

e4&erien(ia re(o!e()ada en e! (a/&o !a#ora!. E! o#Fe)i2o de e%)o% e%)$dio% e

in2e%)iga(ione% e% !a (on%er2a(i3n de !a% e%)r$()$ra% 0a '$e re&re%en)an $n

2a!or -i%)3ri(o 0 ($!)$ra!. En e!!a e%)n i/&!i(ada% di2er%a% di%(i&!ina%

&ro1e%iona!e% 0 organiBa(ione% dedi(ada% a &re%er2ar e! &a)ri/onio.

Lo% an)e&a%ado% &er$ano% -an deFado !egado% -i%)3ri(o% '$e (on%)i)$0en

e! &a)ri/onio ar'$i)e()3ni(o, &or ende, e% ne(e%ario (ono(er!o, e%)$diar!o,

2a!orar!o 0 (on%er2ar!o &ara -eredar!o en 3&)i/a% (ondi(ione% a !a%

genera(ione% 1$)$ra% JTern, ;@@:, &.8@;K.

La (on%er2a(i3n de !a ($!)$ra ar'$i)e()3ni(a e% i/&or)an)e, no %o!o &or

%$ -i%)oria %ino )a/#i+n &or !a in1or/a(i3n '$e en(ierra

La in2e%)iga(i3n de !a e%)r$()$ra re'$iere $n en1o'$e '$e)ra%(iende !a% %i/&!e% (on%idera(ione% )+(ni(a%, &$e%)o '$e !ain2e%)iga(i3n -i%)3ri(a &$ede de%($#rir 1en3/eno% %o#re e!(o/&or)a/ien)o e%)r$()$ra! 0, a! /i%/o )ie/&o, !a% ($e%)ione%-i%)3ri(a% a 2e(e% &$eden re%&onder%e a &ar)ir de! (ono(i/ien)o de!(o/&or)a/ien)o e%)r$()$ra!. JGonB!eB 0 Ro(a, ;@@:, &. 8@K

Nor/a!/en)e, $n e'$i&o /$!)idi%(i&!inario, %e!e((ionado de a($erdo (on

e! )i&o 0 e! a!(an(e de! &ro#!e/a, de#e )ra#aFar (onF$n)a/en)e de%de !a

&ri/era 1a%e de! e%)$dio, e% de(ir, !a in%&e((i3n ini(ia! de! %i)io 0 !a

&re&ara(i3n de! &rogra/a de in2e%)iga(i3n.

8.8 In#($!*%"!.n /!($.,!"% #($,+"$+,%' 1 %,+!$#"$.n!"%

Una in2e%)iga(i3n )iene #a%e (ien)57(a. E% &or e!!o '$e %e ana!iBa

a&!i(ando e! /+)odo (ien)57(o (on e! o#Fe)i2o de en)ender !a (on(e&(i3n,

i/&or)an(ia 0 e%)ado de !a e%)r$()$ra, ade/% de !a% -a#i!idade% 0 !a%

)+(ni(a% $%ada%. A &ar)ir de e%)o, %e o#%er2an !o% (a/#io% 0 -e(-o% '$e

&$dieron -a#er (a$%ado da*o a e%)a e%)r$()$ra.


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Se de#e &re%)ar $na a)en(i3n e%&e(ia! a !o% da*o%, ro)$ra%,

re(on%)r$((ione%, ane4ione%, )ra#aFo% de re%)a$ra(i3n, /odi7(a(ione%

e%)r$()$ra!e% 0 (a/#io% de $%o e/&!eado%, !a% '$e !!e2aron a !a

e%)r$()$ra a %$ %i)$a(i3n a()$a! JGonBa!e% 0 Ro(a, ;@@:, &. 88K.

E% &or e!!o '$e a! /o/en)o de! an!i%i% %e de#en )ener &re%en)e

)oda% e%)a% &a$)a%, &ara $n diagn3%)i(o e4i)o%o, 0 &oder re%)a$rar a%5

(o/o (on%er2ar e! &a)ri/onio ar'$i)e()3ni(o.

8.8.8 In#($!*%"!.n /!($.,!"% 1 #($,+"$+,%'

Se %a#e '$e e! 2a!or de $na e%)r$()$ra no re%ide %o!o en !a

a&arien(ia de %$% e!e/en)o%, %ino )a/#i+n en !a in)egridad, 0 e% !o/i%/o '$e %e (on%idera a! /o/en)o de in2e%)igar 0 ana!iBar $na

e%)r$()$ra -i%)3ri(a.

La e2a!$a(i3n de#e a&o0ar%e en /+)odo% de in2e%)iga(i3n

-i%)3ri(a de (ar()er ($a!i)a)i2o 0 ($an)i)a)i2o !o% &ri/ero% %e

#a%an, &rin(i&a!/en)e, en !a o#%er2a(i3n de da*o% 0 degrada(i3n

e%)r$()$ra!, a%5 )a/#i+n en e%)e )i&o de in2e%)iga(i3n 0 !o%

%eg$ndo%, 1$nda/en)a!/en)e, en !a% &r$e#a% de !o% /a)eria!e% 0 !a/i%/a e%)r$()$ra en !a %$&er2i%i3n (on%)an)e de !o% da)o% 0

)a/#i+n en e! an!i%i% de !a e%)r$()$ra JI(o/o%, ;@8@, &. :


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a!)era(ione% 0 %$% e1e()o%, %o#re !o% 1en3/eno% '$e !a -ana1e()ado 0, 1ina!/en)e, %o#re %$ e%)ado a()$a!. J;@@:, &. =K

Se (on7r/a '$e e! e%)$dio de $na e%)r$()$ra ar'$i)e()3ni(a

e% de /$(-a i/&or)an(ia, 0a '$e e% !a #a%e de !a re%)a$ra(i3n 0

(on%er2a(i3n de e%)a (on%)r$((i3n. En)on(e%, $n an!i%i% #ien

e1e()$ado &rod$(e $na o#ra e4i)o%a.

8.; In(3#""!.n !(+%' # '% #($,+"$+,%

E% e! re(ono(i/ien)o e4-a$%)i2o de !a e%)r$()$ra, )an)o e4)erna e

in)erna, de (ada $no de %$% (o/&onen)e%. Una in%&e((i3n de (er(a&rod$(e $na /a0or re(o!e((i3n de da)o% '$e a&o0an a! de%arro!!o de!

&ro0e()o. Se de#e rea!iBar $n an!i%i% e%)ri()a/en)e de)a!!ado. "erna#+$

J;@@>K a! re%&e()o no% in1or/a

Toda e%)r$()$ra )iene $n ri)/o de)er/inado '$e a1e()a en /a0or o/enor /edida a !a (on1ig$ra(i3n e%&a(ia! de! &ro0e()o. E%)e ri)/o&$ede %er ne$)ro 0 &a%ar &r()i(a/en)e de%a&er(i#ido &$edeado&)ar )a/#i+n $n ri)/o &ro&io '$e -aga '$e !o% di%)in)o%e!e/en)o% '$e !a (on1or/an ad'$ieran $na &re%en(ia re!e2an)e 0

(on)ri#$0an a !a (on1ig$ra(i3n de! e%&a(io en e! '$e %e %i)an J&.


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E% de(ir, a &ar)ir de !o% da*o% 2i%i#!e% (o/ienBa e! e%)$dio e

in%&e((i3n e%)r$()$ra!. Se o#%er2a (ada $no de !o% de)a!!e%,

de%de !o% /a)eria!e% -a%)a %$ en)orno, 0 (3/o &$eden a1e()ar !a

e%)r$()$ra.

La (on%er2a(i3n &$ede %er rea!iBada /edian)e di1eren)e% )i&o%de in)er2en(ione%, (o/o %on e! (on)ro! /edioa/#ien)a!,/an)eni/ien)o, re&ara(i3n, re%)a$ra(i3n, reno2a(i3n 0re-a#i!i)a(i3n. C$a!'$ier in)er2en(i3n i/&!i(a de(i%ione%,%e!e((ione% 0 re%&on%a#i!idade% re!a(ionada% (on e! &a)ri/onioen)ero, )a/#i+n (on a'$e!!a% &ar)e% '$e no )ienen $n%igni1i(ado e%&e(51i(o -o0, &ero &odr5an )ener!o en e! 1$)$ro.JUne%(o, ;@@@, &. ;@=K

or e!!o e% i/&or)an)e )ener &re%en)e )odo% e%)o% a%&e()o% a!

/o/en)o de! an!i%i% de !a e%)r$()$ra ar'$i)e()3ni(a -i%)3ri(a.

8.;.; In45,6# # '% #($,+"$+,%

E! in1or/e de !a e%)r$()$ra de#e %er de)a!!ado %o#re !a #a%e de

!a in%&e((i3n, donde (o/ienBa e! e%)$dio e%)r$()$ra! 0, &or

(on%ig$ien)e, %$ diagn3%)i(o.

Se &$eden (on%iderar a'$e!!o% &ro0e()o% en !o% '$e !a

di%)or%i3n a1e()a dire()a/en)e a! &!an)ea/ien)o g!o#a! de!

e%'$e/a e%)r$()$ra!, a!)erando !a% )i&o!og5a% (!%i(a% 0 !o%

%i%)e/a% e%)ndar. E%)o% &!an)ea/ien)o% &$eden 2a!orar a!g$no%

de !o% &ro0e()o% '$e &!an)ean %i%)e/a% de e%)r$()$ra% )en%ionada%

a&aren)e/en)e ine%)a#!e%, '$e no en)ran en 1$n(iona/ien)o -a%)a

'$e %e 2en %o/e)ida% a de)er/inada% a((ione% de 2ien)o, &or

(on%ig$ien)e, #$%(ar e! /i%)erio e%)r$()$ra! (on%i%)e en !a$)i!iBa(i3n no (on2en(iona! de !o% /a)eria!e% J"erna#+$, ;@@>,

&.=8K.

E% a%5 (o/o de di2er%o% &!an)ea/ien)o% %e e4&!i(a !a

di%)or%i3n '$e a1e()a e! e%'$e/a e%)r$()$ra!, #$%(ando %$ /i%)erio

a &ar)ir de !a $)i!iBa(i3n no (on2en(iona! de !o% /a)eria!e% J2er

ane4o 8K. La (ar)a de Pa%-ing)on J8?>K re(o/ienda '$e Qe! &!an

de (on%er2a(i3n de#e (o/&render $n an!i%i% de da)o%,

:


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&ar)i($!ar/en)e ar'$eo!3gi(o%, -i%)3ri(o%, ar'$i)e()3ni(o%,

)+(ni(o%, %o(io!3gi(o% 0 e(on3/i(o%, e% de(ir, '$e )odo

&!an)ea/ien)o ($0o 7n e% (on%er2ar %e #a%a en $n an!i%i%

/in$(io%o, !o ($a! &er/i)e !!egar a &ro&$e%)a% '$e dan $na %o!$(i3n

a! &ro#!e/a.

8.9 In#($!*%"!.n # "%635 1 #n(%15( #'%&5,%$5,!5

Un en%a0o en e%)e /#i)o )iene (o/o o#Fe)i2o iden)i1i(ar 0 ana!iBar

!a% di1eren)e% (ara()er5%)i(a% '$e &re%en)an !o% /a)eria!e% de !a

e%)r$()$ra re%i%)en(ia, de1or/idad, &oro%idad, )en%ione%, e)(.

GonBa!e% 0 Ro(a J;@@:K no% di(en '$e !a% &r()i(a% %ie/&re de#en

%er rea!iBada% &or &er%ona% (on e4&erien(ia 0 (a&a(idad de e2a!$ar

(orre()a/en)e %$ 1ia#i!idad 0 '$e 2a!oren ($idado%a/en)e !a%

i/&!i(a(ione% de %$% re%$!)ado% 0 e! $%o de 2ario% /+)odo% &ara &oder

(o/&arar re%$!)ado% J&.8;K.

8.9.8 In#($!*%"!.n #' $#,,#n5

E! &a)ri/onio ar'$eo!3gi(o e%)a#!e(e e! )e%)i/onio

e%en(ia! de !a% a()i2idade% de !o% an)e(e%ore%. S$ &ro)e((i3n 0

$na a&ro&iada ge%)i3n !o -a(en 2i)a! &ara %$ &ro&io #ene1i(io.

De#ido a e!!o !a &ro)e((i3n de e%)e &a)ri/onio e4ige $n 1$nda/en)o

e4)en%o de (o/&e)en(ia% 0 (ono(i/ien)o% (ien)51i(a/en)e

&ro1e%iona!e%, !o ($a! re%$!)a e%en(ia! &ara %$ (on%er2a(i3n. E%)ede#e #a%ar%e en $na (o!a#ora(i3n e1e()i2a en)re e%&e(ia!i%)a% de

/!)i&!e% 0 di2er%a% di%(i&!ina%, en re!a(i3n a !o% &rin(i&io%

a&!i(a#!e% e%)a#!e(ido% a !o% di%)in)o% %e()ore% '$e %e en($en)ren

2in($!ado% (on !a ge%)i3n de! &a)ri/onio ar'$eo!3gi(o JI(o/o%,

8??@. &. :>K.

La &ro)e((i3n 0 (on%er2a(i3n de! &a)ri/onio ar'$eo!3gi(o no

%o!o no% 1a2ore(e a no%o)ro%, %ino a !a e%)r$()$ra /i%/a 0 !o%

-a#i)an)e% de e!!a. En !a QCar)a de Cra(o2ia JUne%(o, ;@@@, &.


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;=;K, %e indi(a '$e e! &a)ri/onio ar'$i)e()3ni(o, $r#ano 0

&ai%aF5%)i(o, a%5 (o/o !o% e!e/en)o% '$e !o (o/&onen, %on e!

re%$!)ado de $na iden)i1i(a(i3n (on 2ario% /o/en)o% a%o(iado% a !a

-i%)oria 0 a %$% (on)e4)o% %o(io($!)$ra!e%. La (on%er2a(i3n de e%)e

&a)ri/onio e% n$e%)ro o#Fe)i2o. E% &or e!!o '$e e% &ar)e de n$e%)ro

de#er (on%er2ar!o !o /eFor &o%i#!e.

8.9.; En(%15( # '%&5,%$5,!5 %' "%635

Lo% n(!eo% $r#ano% de (ar()er -i%)3ri(o, en !a a()$a!idad, %e

-a!!an a/enaBado% &or !a degrada(i3n, de)erioro 0 de%)r$((i3n

&ro2o(ada &or $na 1or/a de! de%arro!!o $r#ano ind$%)ria! '$e

a1e()a a !a %o(iedad. ren)e a e%)a %i)$a(i3n, %e reda()3 !a QCar)ain)erna(iona! &ara !a (on%er2a(i3n de !a% &o#!a(ione% 0 rea%

$r#ana% -i%)3ri(a%. E%)a de7ne !o% &rin(i&io%, o#Fe)i2o%, /+)odo%

e in%)r$/en)o% a&ro&iado% &ara &oder (on%er2ar 0 1a2ore(er,

&er&e)$ando e! (onF$n)o de !o% #iene% '$e !o (on%)i)$0en JI(o/o%,

8?>, &.


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CAPTULO II



18/38


A! ana!iBar e! (o/&or)a/ien)o e%)r$()$ra! de $na (on%)r$((i3n, %e

&$eden iden)i1i(ar di1eren)e% e%'$e/a% '$e de/$e%)ran di%)in)o% grado% en

!a (o/&!eFidad de %$% /a)eria!e% 0 di%e*o e%)r$()$ra!, e! da*o '$e &$doo#)ener a )ra2+% de! )ie/&o 0 %$% &o%i#!e% /an)eni/ien)o%.

E! (o/&or)a/ien)o de ($a!'$ier e%)r$()$ra %e 2e in$ido &or )re%

1a()ore% &rin(i&a!e% !a 1or/a 0 (one4ione% de !a e%)r$()$ra, !o% /a)eria!e%

(on%)r$()i2o% 0 !a% a((ione%, e% de(ir, !a% 1$erBa%, a(e!era(ione% 0

de1or/a(ione% '$e !a a1e()an JGonBa!e% 0 Ro(a, ;@@:, &.89K.

E! /+)odo de e%)$dio de! di%e*o e%)r$()$ra! (on%i%)e, &or !o )an)o, en

/a4i/iBar de)er/inada% (ara()er5%)i(a% de !o% /a)eria!e%, o#%er2ar %$

(o/&or)a/ien)o 0 !a (a&a(idad '$e )iene &ara in%in$ar %en%a(ione%

re1eren)e% a! &ro0e()o.

;.8 E' #(+#6% #($,+"$+,%'

1 #' %75

A! )ra)ar e! e%'$e/a %e -a(e re1eren(ia a !a re&re%en)a(i3n gr1i(a

0 %i/#3!i(a de a!go. Si %e a*ade !a &a!a#ra estructural, %e in)er&re)a

(o/o !a re&re%en)a(i3n de $na e%)r$()$ra gr1i(a/en)e, o#)enida a

&ar)ir de !o% da)o% de !a o#%er2a(i3n 0 an!i%i% &re2io% en e! &ro0e()o.

E! (o/&or)a/ien)o e%)r$()$ra! de&ende de !a% (ara()er5%)i(a% de !o%

/a)eria!e%, !a% di/en%ione% de !a e%)r$()$ra, !a% (one4ione% en)re !o%

di%)in)o% e!e/en)o%, !a% (ondi(ione% de! )erreno, e)(. . M$e%)ra (3/o

e! edi1i(io )ran%1or/a !a% a((ione% en e%1$erBo% 0 a%eg$ra !a e%)a#i!idad

JGonBa!e% 0 Ro(a, ;@@:, &.89K.

En e%)e &ro(e%o e4i%)e $na gran re!e2an(ia '$e de)er/ina e! ni2e!

de !egi#i!idad en $na e%)r$()$ra. O#%er2a !a 1$n(iona!idad g!o#a! de (ada

$no de %$% e!e/en)o%, %o#re )odo en !o% /a)eria!e%.

E! e%'$e/a $)i!iBado de#e )ener en ($en)a !a% a!)era(ione% 0de#i!idade% ($0o% e1e()o% )engan $na in1!$en(ia %igni1i(a)i2a en

e! (o/&or)a/ien)o e%)r$()$ra!. E%)a% a!)era(ione% &$eden


19/38

&rod$(ir%e a (a$%a de 1en3/eno% na)$ra!e% o (o/o re%$!)ado dein)er2en(ione% -$/ana% '$e &$eden generar 1$erBa%de%e'$i!i#rada% . JGonBa!e% 0 Ro(a, ;@@:, &. 89K

E% &or e!!o '$e a! /o/en)o de $%ar $n e%'$e/a de)er/inado,&$ede in1!$en(iar enor/e/en)e en e! &ro0e()o &or !a (on%er2a(i3n de

di(-a e%)r$()$ra.

;.8.8 E(+#6% # '% #($,+"$+,%

E4i%)e $n (ier)o in)er+% en e2iden(iar !o% di2er%o%

1$n(iona/ien)o% de !a e%)r$()$ra a )ra2+% de! $%o de e%'$e/a% de

/$(-a /a0or di1i($!)ad, donde %e #$%(a !a (o/&!eFidad de! %i%)e/a

0 -a!!a e! de%e/&e*o '$e eFer(e !a 1$n(i3n de (ada (o/&onen)e de

e%)a e%)r$()$ra.

Un 1a()or '$e de)er/ina e! &!an)ea/ien)o e%)r$()$ra! de $n&ro0e()o e% e! &ro(e%o de #%'$eda 0 e!e((i3n de $n %i%)e/a'$e re%$!)e ade($ado a !o% di%)in)o% re'$i%i)o% 1$n(iona!e%,ar'$i)e()3ni(o% 0 e%)r$()$ra!e%. ara $n /i%/o &ro0e()o,e4i%)en n$/ero%o% %i%)e/a% (a&a(e% de re%o!2er&o%i)i2a/en)e e%)o% (ondi(ionan)e%, &or !o '$e e! ingeniero 0e! ar'$i)e()o de#en (o!a#orar &ara de)er/inar a'$e! '$e

(on%ideren /% ade($ado. J"erna#+$, ;@@>, &.;8K

A%5 e% (o/o %e (on(!$0e '$e $n e%'$e/a e%)r$()$ra! no%

/$e%)ra (3/o $na (on%)r$((i3n )ran%1or/a 0 re!a(iona !a% a((ione%

en e%1$erBo%, a%eg$rando %$ e%)a#i!idad 0 (a!idad e%)r$()$ra!.

E! (o/&or)a/ien)o e%)r$()$ra! de&ende de !a% (ara()er5%)i(a%

de !o% /a)eria!e%, !a% di/en%ione% de !a e%)r$()$ra, !a% (one4ione%

en)re !o% di%)in)o% e!e/en)o%, !a% (ondi(ione% de! )erreno, e)(. E!(o/&or)a/ien)o rea! de $n edi1i(io e% nor/a!/en)e )an (o/&!eFo

'$e o#!iga a re&re%en)ar!o (o/o $n Qe%'$e/a e%)r$()$ra!

JGonB!eB, ;@@:, &.89K.

E! (o/&or)a/ien)o de ($a!'$ier e%)r$()$ra %e 2e in1!$ido &or

)re% 1a()ore% &rin(i&a!e% !a 1or/a 0 (one4ione% de !a e%)r$()$ra, !o%

/a)eria!e% (on%)r$()i2o% 0 !a% a((ione%. or o)ro !ado, )a/#i+n

in1!$0e )odo !o '$e e% e! en)orno de !a e%)r$()$ra.

?


20/38

;.8.; D%75 # '% #($,+"$+,%

A! a#ordar e! da*o de !a e%)r$()$ra, %e -a(e a!$%i3n a )oda% !a%

&o%i#!e% degrada(ione% '$e -a %$1rido $na e%)r$()$ra a )ra2+% de!

)ie/&o, 0a %ea &or !a /a!a (on%er2a(i3n de !a -$/anidad o &or !a

/i%/a na)$ra!eBa.

Se de#en iden)i1i(ar !o% )i&o% de a!)era(ione% 0 %$% &o%i#!e%

(a$%a%, a2erig$ar %i e%)a% sic e%)n a()i2a% o -an deFado de a()$ar

%o#re e! in/$e#!e. C$ando %e re'$iera, %e e1e()$arn (a!a% 0

)o/arn /$e%)ra% &ara ana!iBar%e en e! !a#ora)orio JTern, ;@@:,

&.88>K.

La% (ara()er5%)i(a% de !o% /a)eria!e% &$eden %er red$(ida% &or

e! de)erioro. E%)e de&ende /$(-o de! e%)ado en '$e %e en($en)ran

!o% /a)eria!e% de !a e%)r$()$ra.

La% (ara()er5%)i(a% de !o% /a)eria!e%, '$e %on !o% &ar/e)ro%

#%i(o% &ara rea!iBar ($a!'$ier (!($!o, &$eden 2er%e red$(ida% &or

&ro(e%o% de de)erioro de#ido a a((ione% '$5/i(a%, 15%i(a% o

#io!3gi(a%. E! grado de de)erioro de&ende de !a% &ro&iedade% de !o%/a)eria!e% 0 de! grado de &ro)e((i3n de !a e%)r$()$ra, a%5 (o/o de

%$ /an)eni/ien)o JGonB!eB, ;@@:, &.89K.

La% (ara()er5%)i(a% de !o% /a)eria!e% %on a&ro2e(-ada% &ara

(a!($!ar !o% &e'$e*o% &ro(e%o% de de)erioro de#ido a a((ione%

'$5/i(a%, 15%i(a% 0 #io!3gi(a%. Lo% /a)eria!e% de&enden de %$

/an)eni/ien)o, !o% ($a!e% a /en$do &rod$(en (a/#io% '$e

(a$%an da*o% 0 de)erioro% en !a e%)r$()$ra.

;.; L%( "%,%"$#,8($!"%( # '5( 6%$#,!%'#( 1 '5( 3,5"#(5( #' #$#,!5,5

Cada /a)eria! )iene $na (ara()er5%)i(a en &ar)i($!ar, 0a %ea 15%i(a,

'$5/i(a o #io!3gi(a. De#ido a! )ran%($r%o de! )ie/&o 0 a !o% 1a()ore% de

!a na)$ra!eBa, &or eFe/&!o, (!i/)i(o%, &$eden de)eriorar !o% /a)eria!e%,

8@


21/38

de#i!i)ando !a in1rae%)r$()$ra 0, en (on%e($en(ia, !a e%)r$()$ra en %5, e%

de(ir, (o!a&%ar.

La in1rae%)r$()$ra en !a (on%)r$((i3n en(ierra $n (on(e&)o genera! (!a2een e! +4i)o $ni2er%a! de! de%arro!!o %o%)eni#!e. La% grande% e4&e()a)i2a%

en $na o#ra (i2i! %e generan en)re !o% in2o!$(rado% (on%)r$()ore%,(o/$nidad 2e(ina, (!ien)e%, en)e% de &!anea(i3n, a$)oridade%a/#ien)a!e%. A! (on%)r$()or !e (orre%&onde di%e*ar e! /4i/oa&ro2e(-a/ien)o de !o% re($r%o% na)$ra!e%. La &ar)i(i&a(i3n a()i2a de !a(o/$nidad 2e(ina e% garan)e de !a re%&on%a#i!idad de! (on%)r$()or 0 de!ade($ado de%arro!!o (o)idiano de !a o#ra. JArriaga 0 eraBa, ;@@;, &.9K

La% a!)era(ione% e%)r$()$ra!e% e/&ieBan (on e! !e2an)a/ien)o de

!o% da*o% o#%er2a#!e%. Se o#%er2a en e%)e &ro(e%o !a in)er&re)a(i3n de

!a in1or/a(i3n 0 e! (o/&or)a/ien)o e%)r$()$ra!. E%)e (o/&or)a/ien)o

e%) en !a% (ara()er5%)i(a% de !o% /a)eria!e%, !a% di/en%ione% de !a

e%)r$()$ra 0 (one4ione% en)re !o% di%)in)o% e!e/en)o%, ade/% de !a%

(ondi(ione% de! )erreno. E! e%'$e/a e%)r$()$ra! no% &re%en)a (3/o e!

edi1i(io )ran%1or/a !a% a((ione% en e%1$erBo% 0 a%eg$ra !a e%)a#i!idad

Jrie)o, ;@@9, &.8K.

E% &or e!!o '$e )ener &re%en)e !o% &o%i#!e% &ro#!e/a% de de)erioro

de !o% /a)eria!e% e% &ri/ordia! (ada (ier)o )ie/&o %e de#e e4a/inar 0

-a(er $n an!i%i% de e%)o% &ara &oder de(idir %i e% ne(e%aria $na

re%)a$ra(i3n de !o% /a)eria!e% 0 %i e%) a )ie/&o an)e% de %$ (o!a&%o.

;.;.8 C%,%"$#,8($!"%( # '5( 6%$#,!%'#(#63'#%5(

Cada /a)eria! &o%ee $na (ara()er5%)i(a &ro&ia, %iendo de 2i)a!

i/&or)an(ia en !a re%)a$ra(i3n de e%)a%. Se re'$ieren /a)eria!e%

(on !a (a&a(idad de re($&erar %$ 1or/a e4)erna ($ando (e%a !a

1$erBa '$e de1or/a e%)e e4)erior/en)e. De#e )ener !a (a&a(idad de

e4&eri/en)ar de1or/a(ione% de &er/anen(ia %in regar o %$1rir

ro)$ra%, !o ($a! %e deno/ina &!a%)i(idad. Ade/%, de#e &o%eer

(ara()er5%)i(a%, (o/o !a d$()i!idad 0 !a /a!ea#i!idad, '$e %on %$%

do% /ani1e%)a(ione% de !a &!a%)i(idad. Ta/#i+n de#en &o%eer $na

e!e2ada )ena(idad, re%i%)en(ia a e%1$erBo% &ro2o(ado% &or a((ione%

re&e)i)i2a% 0 d$reBa JL!or+n%, 8??=, &&. 9:9


22/38

;.;.; P,5"#(5( # #$#,!5,5

ara '$e $n /a)eria! de !a in1rae%)r$()$ra %$1ra $n de)erioro,

)iene $n &ro(e%o de )ie/&o, donde %on a1e()ado% &or !a /i%/a

na)$ra!eBa.

E! e%)$dio de !a% a!)era(ione% e%)r$()$ra!e% (o/ienBa (on e!!e2an)a/ien)o de !o% da*o% 2i%i#!e%. D$ran)e e%)e &ro(e%o, !ain)er&re)a(i3n de !a in1or/a(i3n re(ogida de#e g$iar '$e e!!e2an)a/ien)o, de 1or/a '$e +! sic &eri)o &$eda -a(er%e $naidea %o#re e! (o/&or)a/ien)o e%)r$()$ra!. Jrie)o, ;@@9, &.8K

Un /a)eria! e%) e4&$e%)o a di2er%o% e%)5/$!o% e4)erno%

donde (a$%an a!gn )i&o de re%&$e%)a 0 %e e4&re%an en )+r/ino%

de )i&o 0 /agni)$d. Toda% !a% &ro&iedade% %e agr$&an en %ei%

(a)egor5a% /e(ni(a%, e!+()ri(a%, )+r/i(a%, /agn+)i(a%, 3&)i(a% 0'$5/i(a%. A /en$do e! /a0or &ro#!e/a &re%en)ado e% e! %a#er

e!egir !o% /a)eria!e% id3neo% de )odo% !o% di%&oni#!e% en rara%

o(a%ione%, $n /a)eria! rene $na (o/#ina(i3n idea! de

&ro&iedade%, red$(iendo $na en #ene1i(io de o)ra JCa!!i%)er, ;@@>,

&.9K.

En raB3n de '$e !o% e%)5/$!o% %e &re%en)an a diario, !o%

/a)eria!e% &a%an a %er de)eriorado% &or e%o, %e de#e -a(er $nare%)a$ra(i3n e1e()i2a 0 r&ida.

;.9 L%( %""!5n#( #n '% #($,+"$+,% 1 '5( 6%$#,!%'#(

En)ende/o% &or a((ione% (o/o a'$e!!o '$e %e -a(e o %e rea!iBa en

!a re%)a$ra(i3n. Ade/%, &ode/o% 2er '$e &o%een na)$ra!eBa% /$0

di1eren)e%. E%)o /i%/o %e a&!i(a en !a% e%)r$()$ra% 0, %o#re )odo, en !o%

/a)eria!e%.

La% a((ione% &$eden di2idir%e en /e(ni(a%, '$e a1e()an a !a

e%)r$()$ra, 0 a((ione% #io!3gi(a% 0 '$5/i(a%, '$e a1e()an a !o%

/a)eria!e%. La% a((ione% /e(ni(a% &$eden %er e%))i(a%, '$e a %$ 2eB

&$eden (!a%i7(ar%e dire()a% o indire()a%, o din/i(a% JGonBa!e%,

;@@;, &.8:K.

8;


23/38

;.9.8 A""!5n#( #n '% #($,+"$+,%

A! 2er !o% re%$!)ado% de !o% an!i%i% e%)r$()$ra!e% '$e %e

-i(ieron en !a edi1i(a(i3n, %e de#en )o/ar di2er%a% /edida% 0

a((ione% &ara %$ re%)a$ra(i3n %i e% '$e e% ne(e%aria J2er ane4o ;K.

La% a((ione% %on de1inida% (o/o ($a!'$ier agen)e '$e e%

(a&aB de &rod$(ir e%1$erBo 0 )en%ione% en $na e%)r$()$ra o %o#re

($a!'$ier 1en3/eno, a1e()ando a !o% /a)eria!e%, %o#re)odo

red$(iendo %$ re%i%)en(ia JGonB!eB, ;@@:, &.8:K.

Toda in1or/a(i3n %o#re !a% a!)era(ione% rene (ono(i/ien)o

(a#a! de !o% /a)eria!e% 0 %i%)e/a% de (on%)r$((i3n -i%)3ri(a '$e

(on1or/an e! /on$/en)o a in)er2enir, 0a '$e e% de /$(-a

i/&or)an(ia &ara !a (o/&ren%i3n de !o% /e(ani%/o% '$e a!)eran.

E%)o &er/i)e 2a!orar !o (o/&!eFo de! &ro#!e/a a )ra)ar, a%5 (o/o

e%(oger !a% %o!$(ione% /% ade($ada% 0 2ia#!e%. Se )o/a en ($en)a

!a a1inidad en)re !o% /a)eria!e% 0 !o% %i%)e/a% de (on%)r$((i3n '$e

i/&!i(a !a e%)r$()$ra a in)er2enir 0 !o '$e %e e/&!ear en %$

re%)a$ra(i3n JTern, ;@@:, &. 88;K.

;.9.; L5( 6%$#,!%'#( # '% #($,+"$+,%

E4i%)e $n /a)eria! di1eren)e &ara (ada &ar)e de !a edi1i(a(i3n

J2er ane4o 9K, &ero '$e $nido% 1or/an e! ($er&o de !a e%)r$()$ra,

dndo!e re%i%)en(ia 0 rigideB !a e!e((i3n (orre()a de e%)o%

/a)eria!e% e% de %$/a i/&or)an(ia, 0a '$e de e%)o de&ende %$

e%)a#i!idad e%)r$()$ra!.

Lo% /a)eria!e% %3!ido% %e (!a%i1i(an en )re% gr$&o% /e)a!e%,(er/i(a% 0 &o!5/ero% .Lo% /a)eria!e% (o/&$e%)o% (on%)an de

(o/#ina(ione% de do% o /% /a)eria!e% di1eren)e%, /ien)ra% '$e

!o% %e/i(ond$()ore% %e $)i!iBan &or %$% e4)raordinaria%

(ara()er5%)i(a% e!+()ri(a% JCa!!i%)er, ;@@>, &.=K.

A &e%ar de !o% e%&e()a($!are% &rogre%o% en e! (ono(i/ien)o 0

en e! de%arro!!o de !o% /a)eria!e% en !o% !)i/o% a*o%, e!

89

89


24/38

&er/anen)e de%a15o )e(no!3gi(o re'$iere /a)eria!e% (ada 2eB /%

%o1i%)i(ado% 0 e%&e(ia!iBado% JCa!!i%)er, ;@@>, &.


25/38

CAPTULO III

DIAGNSTICO Y EVALUACIN DEL NIVEL DESEGURIDAD


26/38

ara rea!iBar $n diagn3%)i(o 0 $na e2a!$a(i3n, &re2ia/en)e %e de%arro!!a

$n an!i%i% (o/o 0a -a %ido e4&!i(ado an)erior/en)e, e! ($a! )endr (o/o

#a%e !o% da)o% re(o!e()ado% en (ada &ar)e de! &ro(e%o rea!iBado en !a

edi1i(a(i3n.

E! diagn3%)i(o 0 !a e2a!$a(i3n de! ni2e! de %eg$ridad de !a e%)r$()$ra %ondo% 1a%e% (on%e($)i2a% 0 re!a(ionada% (on !a% '$e %e de)er/inan !ane(e%idad e1e()i2a 0 e! a!(an(e de !a% /edida% de )ra)a/ien)o. Si %eeFe($)an e%)a% 1a%e% in(orre()a/en)e, !a% de(i%ione% re%$!)an)e% %ernar#i)raria% $na /a!a e%)i/a(i3n &$ede )ener (o/o re%$!)ado $na%/edida% de (on%er2a(i3n e4(e%i2a% o $no% ni2e!e% de %eg$ridadinade($ado%. JGonB!eB, ;@@:, &.8=K.

or (on%ig$ien)e, %i %e 2a a rea!iBar $n diagn3%)i(o )a/#i+n %e de#er

-a(er $na e2a!$a(i3n, !o /% e4a()a &o%i#!e &ara o#)ener $n #$en re%$!)ado0 $na re%)a$ra(i3n e4i)o%a.

9.8 I#n$!4!"%"!.n # '%( "%+(%(9!%*n.($!"5

De%&$+% de $n &ro1$ndo an!i%i% 0 o#)en(i3n de da)o%, !o &ri/ero

'$e %e de#e -a(er e% iden)i1i(ar !a% (a$%a% de! de)erioro o (o!a&%o Jen e!

&eor de !o% (a%o%K de !a e%)r$()$ra.

E! diagn3%)i(o e% a /en$do $na 1a%e di15(i!, &$e%)o '$e !o%da)o% di%&oni#!e% nor/a!/en)e %e re1ieren a !o% e1e()o%,/ien)ra% '$e e% !a (a$%a o, /% 1re($en)e/en)e, %on !a%di%)in)a% (a$%a% (on(o/i)an)e% !o '$e -a0 '$e de)er/inar.or e%o, !a in)$i(i3n 0 !a e4&erien(ia re%$!)an e%en(ia!e% en e!&ro(e%o de diagn3%)i(o. JGonB!eB, ;@@:, &.8>K

ode/o% in1erir '$e e! diagn3%)i(o e% e! iden)i1i(ar !a% (a$%a% '$e

de)erioran 0 da*an !o% /a)eria!e% de !a e%)r$()$ra.

9.8.8 V!(+%'!;%, '%( "%+(%(

ara 2i%$a!iBar !a% (a$%a% de! da*o &ro2o(ado en !a

in1rae%)r$()$ra %e de#en )o/ar 0 $)i!iBar )re% an!i%i% -i%)3ri(o,

($a!i)a)i2o 0 ($an)i)a)i2o.

La% a!)era(ione% e%)r$()$ra!e% e/&ieBan (on e! !e2an)a/ien)o

de !o% da*o% o#%er2a#!e%. Se 2e en e%)e &ro(e%o, !a in)er&re)a(i3n

de !a in1or/a(i3n 0 e! (o/&or)a/ien)o e%)r$()$ra!. E%)e


27/38

(o/&or)a/ien)o e%) en !a% (ara()er5%)i(a% de !o% /a)eria!e%, !a%

di/en%ione% de !a e%)r$()$ra 0 (one4ione% en)re !o% di%)in)o%

e!e/en)o%, ade/% de !a% (ondi(ione% de! )erreno. E! e%'$e/a

e%)r$()$ra! no% &re%en)a (3/o e! edi1i(io )ran%1or/a !a% a((ione% en

e%1$erBo% 0 a%eg$ra !a e%)a#i!idad JGonBa!e%, ;@@:, &.88K.

E% de(ir, '$e a &ar)ir de )ener !a% (ara()er5%)i(a% de !o%

/a)eria!e% 0 %$% da*o% %$1rido%, %e &$ede, /edian)e $n an!i%i%,

a2erig$ar e! (a$%an)e de di(-o de)erioro.

9.8.; D!%*n.($!"5

E! diagno%)i(ar e% iden)i1i(ar !a na)$ra!eBa de! da*o /edian)e

$na o#%er2a(i3n de !o% ra%go% de de)erioro 0 !o% (a/#io% en %$%

(ara()er5%)i(a%. E! diagn3%)i(o (on%i%)e en iden)i1i(ar !a% (a$%a% de!

da*o 0 de! de)erioro #a%ndo%e en !o% da)o% o#)enido% a &ar)ir de

!o% an!i%i% -i%)3ri(o, ($a!i)a)i2o 0 ($an)i)a)i2o JGonB!eB, ;@@:,

&.8>K.

An)e% de )o/ar !a de(i%i3n de !!e2ar a (a#o $na in)er2en(i3n

'$e a1e()e a !a% e%)r$()$ra%, e% indi%&en%a#!e de)er/inar ($!e%

%on !a% (a$%a% de !o% da*o% 0 !a degrada(i3n, 0 de%&$+%, e2a!$ar e!

grado de %eg$ridad '$e di(-a% e%)r$()$ra% o1re(en JI(o/o%, ;@@:,&. =?K.

Un diagn3%)i(o (orre()o e% indi%&en%a#!e &ara e2a!$ar

ade($ada/en)e e! ni2e! de %eg$ridad 0 )o/ar $na de(i%i3n ra(iona!

re%&e()o a !a% /edida% de )ra)a/ien)o '$e de#en a&!i(ar%e.

A! iden)i1i(ar !a% (a$%a% %e &$ede &a%ar a! %ig$ien)e &a%o, '$e

e% !a e2a!$a(i3n de! ni2e! de %eg$ridad '$e )endrn !o% /a)eria!e% 0

!a re%)a$ra(i3n (orre%&ondien)e '$e %e !e de#er &ro(eder a -a(er

J2er ane4o :K.

9.; E%'+%"!.n #' n!#' # (#*+,!%

La e2a!$a(i3n de! ni2e! de %eg$ridad e% e! o)ro &a%o a rea!iBar. Se

(a!($!ar e! 2a!or de !o% /a)eria!e% 0 de)er/inar e! e%)ado de e!!o%, (3/o

in$en(iar en !a e%)r$()$ra 0 '$+ %e &$ede -a(er &ara re%)a$rar!o.

La e2a!$a(i3n de !a %eg$ridad de !a e%)r$()$ra de#e #a%ar%e en

/+)odo%, )a!e% (o/o !a do($/en)a(i3n, !a o#%er2a(i3n, e4&eri/en)a!e%,

8=


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/a)e/)i(o%, e)(. 0 )ener en ($en)a !o% e1e()o% de !o% 1en3/eno% %o#re

e! (o/&or)a/ien)o e%)r$()$ra! JGonB!eB, ;@@:, &.8=K.

Ade/%, I(o/o% &re(i%a %o#re e! ni2e! de %eg$ridad en $no de %$%

do($/en)o%

En !a e2a!$a(i3n %o#re %eg$ridad, '$e (on%)i)$0e !a !)i/a 1a%ede !a diagno%i%, 0 en !a '$e %e de)er/ina !a ne(e%idad de a&!i(ar$n )ra)a/ien)o, %e de#en e%)$diar (onF$n)a/en)e !a%(on(!$%ione% de !o% an!i%i% ($a!i)a)i2o% 0 ($an)i)a)i2o% !ao#%er2a(i3n dire()a, !a in2e%)iga(i3n -i%)3ri(a, e! an!i%i%e%)r$()$ra! 0, en %$ (a%o, !o% re%$!)ado% e4&eri/en)a!e% 0 !a%&r$e#a% '$e %e -a0an rea!iBado J;@@:, &.


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E! an!i%i% ($a!i)a)i2o e% /% e4&eri/en)a! ana!iBa (ada

($a!idad de !o% /a)eria!e%, 0 &$ede o#%er2ar e! (o/&or)a/ien)o de

!a e%)r$()$ra 0 %$ %eg$ridad.

E%)e an!i%i% e%) #a%ado en (o/&arar !a (ondi(i3n a()$a! (on!a (ondi(i3n de o)ra% e%)r$()$ra% %i/i!are% a !a e%)$diada, donde e!

(o/&or)a/ien)o -a0a %ido 0a (ara()eriBado. No e% e%)ri()a/en)e

7a#!e 0a '$e de&ende /% de! F$i(io (r5)i(o de !a &er%ona '$e de !o

e4&eri/en)a!, &ero &$ede %er e! an!i%i% /% ra(iona!. S$ 1ia#i!idad

de&ender de! n/ero de e%)r$()$ra% o#%er2ada% 0 de !a

e4&erien(ia de !a &er%ona '$e !o rea!iBa JGonB!eB, ;@@:, &.8?K.

La #a%e de e%)e an!i%i% e% !a e4&erien(ia de !a &er%ona o e!gr$&o '$e !o !!e2e a (a#o 0 %$ (a&a(idad de F$i(io (r5)i(o.

9.9 L%( #"!(!5n#( 1 #' !n45,6# #=3'!"%$!5 5 6#65,!%

Una 2eB rea!iBado% e! an!i%i%, diagn3%)i(o 0 e2a!$a(i3n, %e &ro(ede

a )o/ar !a% de(i%ione% (orre%&ondien)e% %o#re '$+ %e a&!i(ar en !a

e%)r$()$ra 0 '$+ &ro0e()o% de re%)a$ra(i3n 0 (on%er2a(i3n %e !!e2arn a

(a#o, !o '$e i/&!i(a $n an!i%i% e4&!i(a)i2o 0 de)a!!ado %o#re di(-o

&ro0e()o.

9.9.8 D#"!(!5n#(

De%&$+% de o#)ener )odo% !o% da)o% 0 e2a!$ar !o% &o%i#!e%

rie%go% '$e &$ede &re%en)ar !a e%)r$()$ra, e% /o/en)o de !a )o/a

de $na de(i%i3n &or '$ienJe%K -aJnK rea!iBado di(-o &ro0e()o. De#e

%er e%)a !a /% a(er)ada &o%i#!e &ara e2i)ar errore% 0 de%)errar

)oda &o%i#i!idad de de%)r$((i3n de !a e%)r$()$ra.

Sie/&re '$e %ea &o%i#!e, !a% /edida% '$e %e ado&)ende#en %er Qre2er%i#!e%, e% de(ir, '$e %e &$edan e!i/inar 0%$%)i)$ir &or o)ra% /% ade($ada% 0 a(orde% a !o%(ono(i/ien)o% '$e %e 2a0an ad'$iriendo. En e! (a%o de '$e!a% in)er2en(ione% &ra()i(ada% no %ean (o/&!e)a/en)ere2er%i#!e%, a! /eno% no de#ern !i/i)ar !a &o%i#!eeFe($(i3n de o)ra% &o%)eriore%. JI(o/o%, ;@@:, &.


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En (on(!$%i3n, e! de%)ino de !a e%)r$()$ra e%)ar en /ano% de

$na #$ena )o/a de de(i%ione% 0 de&ender de e!!a &ara %$

(on%er2a(i3n.

9.9.; In45,6# #=3'!"%$!5

E! in1or/e %e e!a#orar %o#re !a #a%e de )odo !o an)erior,

in(!$ida% !a% de(i%ione% )o/ada% &or !o% en(argado% de! &ro0e()o

rea!iBado.

E! in1or/e e4&!i(a)i2o de#er (on%iderar e! 1a()or )ie/&o, 0a

'$e e4i%)e $na (ier)a &ro#a#i!idad e4)re/a de '$e %e rea!i(e !a

de(i%i3n de a()$ar in/edia)a/en)e. A &e%ar de e!!o, e% &re(i%o 1iFar

a!gn &!aBo &ara a&!i(ar !a% /edida% (orre%&ondien)e% 0a '$e $n

re)ra%o en !a% /edida% )era&+$)i(a% &$ede a$/en)ar !a

&ro#a#i!idad de! (o!a&%o. E4i%)en )re% 1a()ore% 1$nda/en)a!e%, de

($0a a&!i(a(i3n de de&ender !o% &ro(e%o% (on)in$o%, !o%

1en3/eno% de !a na)$ra!eBa (5(!i(a 0 !o% 1en3/eno% '$e &$eden

o($rrir re&en)ina/en)e JGonB!eB, ;@@:, &.;8K.

E%)a e% !a e)a&a 1$nda/en)a! de )odo e! &ro0e()o !a (a&a(idad

de )o/ar de(i%ione% !o /% &ron)o &o%i#!e 0 de eFer(er!a de 1or/a

(orre()a &ara e2i)ar !a de%)r$((i3n de !a e%)r$()$ra, a%5 (o/o

1a2ore(er %$ (on%er2a(i3n de#ida 0 a )ie/&o.

8?


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CONCLUSIO

NES

8. En %5n)e%i%, 2e/o% '$e !a (on%er2a(i3n de! &a)ri/onio ar'$i)e()3ni(o e%de %$/a i/&or)an(ia no %o!o &or %$ 2a!or -i%)3ri(o, %ino &or !a

in1or/a(i3n '$e &$ede !!egar a o)orgar, ade/% de (on)ri#$ir (on !a

&o#!a(i3n (er(ana a e!!a. A! /o/en)o de! an!i%i%, %e de#e )ener en

($en)a )odo% !o% &$n)o% &re%en)ado%. A%i/i%/o, e! en(argado de di(-o

&ro0e()o de#e %er $na &er%ona (on e4&erien(ia en e! !ideraBgo de

&ro0e()o%, 0a '$e $n error &$ede (o%)ar !a (on%er2a(i3n 0 o(a%ionar !a

de%)r$((i3n de! &a)ri/onio ar'$i)e()3ni(o -i%)3ri(o.

;. La in2e%)iga(i3n /% de)a!!ada 0 e4a()a &o%i#!e de e%)a% e%)r$()$ra% e%

2i)a!. A%5 %e &odr e2i)ar e! (o!a&%o 0 de%)r$((i3n de di(-a e%)r$()$ra. E%

&or e!!o '$e %e de#e rea!iBar $n e%)$dio de)a!!ado de !a (on%)r$((i3n 0 %$%

/a)eria!e%. E%)o% !)i/o% %on de 2i)a! i/&or)an(ia &or'$e %on e!

(o/&onen)e &rin(i&a! 0 e%en(ia! de di(-a e%)r$()$ra.

9. Ana!iBar e! (o/&or)a/ien)o e%)r$()$ra! e% $n &a%o '$e %e rea!iBa a &ar)ir

de! an!i%i% de)a!!ado (on an)erioridad, %o#re )odo e! an!i%i% de !o%/a)eria!e%. Sin e%)e an!i%i%, no %e &odr5a (on%er2ar 0, en e! &eor de !o%

(a%o%, re%)a$rar !a% edi1i(a(ione%, %o#re )odo, !o% '$e %on &a)ri/onio

na(iona!. E% &or e!!o '$e en !a a()$a!idad an (on%er2a/o% e%)r$()$ra%

/$0 an)ig$a% '$e %ir2en de )$ri%/o 0 de in2e%)iga(i3n -i%)3ri(a, !o '$e

#ene1i(ian a !a (o/$nidad.

:. Cada /a)eria! )iene $na &ro&ia (ara()er5%)i(a 0 $n &ro&io $%o, '$e (on e!

)ie/&o &$ede ir de)eriorndo%e de#ido a (a/#io% 15%i(o%, #io!3gi(o% 0'$5/i(o%. or eFe/&!o, !a o4ida(i3n de !o% e!e/en)o% $%ado% en %$%

/$ro%. E% &or e!!o '$e %e de#er eFer(er $n an!i%i% de)a!!ado &ara &oder

de)er/inar e! da*o '$e -a o#)enido e! /a)eria!.


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de#ido a '$e $n error &odr5a %er 1a)a! &ara %$ (on%er2a(i3n 0 re%)a$ra(i3n

de !a e%)r$()$ra.

=. E! in1or/e e4&!i(a)i2o de#e e%)ar e!a#orado %o#re !a #a%e de! diagn3%)i(o

dado &or e! e4&er)o en(argado de! &ro0e()o, '$ien de#er )o/arde(i%ione% a(er)ada% 0 a()$ar !o /% ra$da/en)e &o%i#!e an)e% de '$e !a

e%)r$()$ra (o!a&%e.

REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGR>FICAS

Arriaga, . 0 eraBa, . J;@@;K. Intervencin en estructuras de madera. Madrid

AITIM.

"erna#+$, A. J;@@>K. Estrategias de diseo estructural en la arquitectura

contempornea. JTe%i% do()ora!K.Re($&erado de

- )) & oa .$& / .e %?8@ 8 A ! e Fand r o W " e r na # e$W L a r ena .& d 1

Cen)ro de In2e%)iga(i3n 0 De%arro!!o de Con)enido%, Medio% 0 Te(no!og5a

Ed$(a)i2a J;@88K. Mdulo Educacin tecnolgica. Re($&erado de

-))&%XXX.goog!e.(o/.&e%ear(-')re%[gr$&o%[/e)a!e%,[(er

\C9\A8/i(a%[0[&o!\C9\AD/ero%]neXXindoX8]e%W%/8;;]%o$r(e!n/%])#/i%(-]%

a^]ei-#!_U>$"C(nP@`G0n:GXA`]2ed@CAg`WAUoA`]#iX8;9>]

#i-`#:_eN(VE/FOM\;


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E4&er)o% re2o!$(ionan !a (on%)r$((i3n (on /a)eria! de &a&e! re(i(!ado 0 !ana. J>

de enero de ;@89K. E! Co/er(io. Re($&erado de

-))&e!(o/er(io.&e#!og2ida01$)$ro;@89@8e4&er)o%re2o!$(ionan!a

(on%)

GonB!eB, . 0 Ro(a, . J;@@:K. Recomendaciones para el anlisis,

conservacin y restauracin estructural del patrimonio arquitectnico.

Re($&erado de -))&XXX9.$2a.e%/adera%i!e%;@@9\;@ICOMOS\;@

\;@ISCARSAH\;@%&ani%-.&d1

I(o/o% J8?>K. Carta internacional para la conservacin de poblaciones y

reas urbanas istricas. Re($&erado de

-))&XXX.e%i(o/o%.orgn$e2aW(ar&e)ain1oWdo(W(i$dade%-i%)o.-)/

I(o/o% J;@@:K. !rincipios para el anlisis, conservacin y restauracin de las

estructuras del patrimonio arquitectnico. Re($&erado de

- )) & X X X .e % i ( o / o %.o r g n$e 2 a W ( a r & e ) a & r in (i& i o %IS C A R SA H e % & .- )/

N$e2o% in%$/o% &ara !a edi7(a(i3n. J> de enero de ;@89K. El Comercio.Re($&erado de -))&%XXX.goog!e.(o/.&e%ear(-'n$e2o%[in%$/o%[&ara[!a[edi7(a(i\C9\"9n[e![(o/er(io]neXXindoX8]e%W%/8;;]%o$r(e!n/%])#/

i%(-]%a^]eiXLU>VAa#8@gH0@:HIAX]2ed@CAg`WAUoA`]#iX8;9>]#i-


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;;


35/38

ANE?OS


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Ta#!a 8%uevos insumos para la edi&cacin

$en)e E4&er)o% re2o!$(ionan !a (on%)r$((i3n (on /a)eria! de &a&e! re(i(!ado

0 !ana. J> de enero de ;@89K.

;:


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'igura (

Ma)eria!e% de re%)a$ra(i3n

$en)e Cen)ro de In2e%)iga(i3n 0 De%arro!!o de Con)enido%, Medio% 0

Te(no!og5a Ed$(a)i2a J;@88K.

;


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'igura )

Me)odo!og5a &ara e! diagn3%)i(o 0 %$ a()$a(i3n

$en)e C-2eB, . A. 0 !2areB, O. J;@@

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