Monday, April 161. Update your Table of Contents if you did not on ThursdayDate Entry Title Entry #4/4 Immigration worksheet 494/5 Era of Reform notes 504/10 Causes of the Civil War movie 514/11 Civil War Causes Worksheet 524/12 STAAR Review 534/13 Civil War movie 54

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No – GO TAKE ROLE NOW!!!!!

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Alex x

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Cameron X

The Civil War1861-1865

I. The Key PlayersA. The Confederacy (s)

1. South Carolina2. Mississippi3. Arkansas4. Texas5. Alabama6. Florida7. Louisiana8. Georgia9. Virginia10. North Carolina11. Tennessee

The Civil War1861-1865

B. Border States1. Missouri2. Kentucky3. Maryland4. Delaware

The Civil War1861-1865

C. The Union1. The rest of the USA (about 23 states)2. Virginia split & West Virginia became a

state in 1863.

II. Advantages vs. DisadvantagesA. The South:D 1. 11 states- 9 million people (3.5 million slaves)D 2. Army- 600,000-1,500,000 total

3. African-Americans in army- 0D 4. Navy- no real navyA 5. Superior military leadersA 6. Strong motivationA 7. Fighting on home groundD 8. Small numbers in men, money, &machinery

9. State power vs. national powerhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HEzHiTEfT-o&feature=related

B. The North:A 1. 23 states– 22 million peopleA 2. Army- 2,128,948 totalA 3. African-Americans- 178,895 total A 4. Navy- about 671 ships; 84,415 white sailors, 29,000 blackA 5. Superior leadership- LincolnA 6. Military power- 5:2 ratioA 7. Industrial powerA 8. ¾ more railroadsD 9. Weak motivationD 10. Far from home

III. StrategyA. The Union:

1. Bring South back2. Capture Richmond3. Split Confederacy by gaining control of

Mississippi River4. Blockade the South

B. The Confederates:1. Gain independence2. Capture Washington D.C.3. Seize central Penn.4. Split North east & west

IV. LeadersA. The Confederates:

1. Gen. Robert E. Lee

B. The Union:1. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant

V. Major BattlesA. 1st Battle of Bull Run (VA) July 21, 1861

http://www.history.com/videos/first-battle-of-bull-run#first-battle-of-bull-run

V. Major BattlesA. 1st Battle of Bull Run (VA) July 21, 1861

1. Confederates surged on the Union soldiers.

2. The Union retreats to Washington D.C.3. Confederates win!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJIRNQeu76g&feature=related

5,000 men diedthe battle that made the war become real to many

B. Virginia”S vs. “Monitor”Nhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_

ABzaEHQ4Hg&feature=related

1. March 8 & 9, 18622. 2 ironclad ships3. Ended in a tie

B. Virginia”S vs. “Monitor”N1. March 8 & 9, 18622. 2 ironclad ships3. Ended in a tie

major significance of the battle is that it was the first meeting in combat of ironclad warships.268 killed

C. The Battle of Shiloh April 6 &7, 1862 (TN)http://

www.history.com/videos/the-battle-of-shiloh#the-battle-of-shiloh

C. The Battle of Shiloh April 6 &7, 1862 (TN)

1. Confederates surprise attack on Union.2. Union receives reinforcements & wins.3. 13,000 Yankees dead; 11,000 Rebels

dead

leaders began to realize that the Civil War would not quickly end.

D. 2nd Battle of Bull Run August 29, 18621. Gen. Lee (S) defeats Gen. Pope (N).

Antietam http://www.history.com/videos/the-battle-of-antietam#the-battle-of-antietam

E. Battle of Antietam Sept. 17, 1862 (MD)1. Gen. McClellan (N) finds rebel plans on

accident, but takes too long to attack.2. Gen. Lee (S) retreats to VA. North win!3. Bloodiest 1 day battle ever in history.

23,100 casualties. forced the Confederate Army to retreat back across the Potomac River. President Lincoln saw the

significance of this and issued the famous Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862.

Gettysburghttp://www.history.com/videos/the-battle-of-gettysburg#the-battle-of-gettysburg

F. Battle of Gettysburg, July 2, 1863 (PA)1. North and South attacked each other

several times.2. On July 3rd, Confederate Gen. Pickett

attacked the Union at Cemetery Ridge.

3. They were an easy shot for the Union soldiers.

4. The Union wins!

Vicksburghttp://www.history.com/videos/the-union-siege-of-vicksburg#the-union-siege-of-vicksburg

G. Battle of Vicksburg (MS)1. Union forces try to capture Vicksburg

to gain control of Miss. River. It fails!2. Grant has a new plan!3. He starves the city from May 18 to July

4, 1863.4. Confederates surrender!5. Gettysburg and Vicksburg mark the

turning point for the North.

VI. Freedom!A. On January 1, 1863, Lincoln signed the “Emancipation Proclamation.”

B. It said “…all persons held as slaves within any state…in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.”

C. Its Impact:1. Civil War became a fight for freedom.2. Britain and France sided with the Union.3. African-Americans reinforced the Union armies. (54th Mass. Regiment)4. 13th Amendment was passed and ratified by Congress in 1865. It abolished slavery.

VII. The Gettysburg Addresshttp://www.history.com/videos/gilder-lehrman-gettysburg-address#gilder-lehrman-gettysburg-addresshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_hYZFUsOuw

A. Nov. 19, 1863, Lincoln gave a 2 minute speech dedicating the battle ground as a national cemetery to the men who had died there. In it he says:

1. The founders of our country believed that all men are created equal. (“Four score and seven years ago…”)2. He questions if the US will survive as a nation.3. The cemetery is dedicated to the soldiers who are buried

there. 4. No one will remember this speech, but will remember

those who died here.5. The war must continue in order to preserve the Union.(“and that government of the people…by the people… for

the people…shall not perish from the earth.”)

VIII. The Election of 1864A. Pres. Lincoln defeats Gen. George McClellan with 55% and 212 electoral votes.B. On March 4, 1865, Lincoln gave his 2nd Inaugural Address. In it he said:

“With malice toward none, with charity for all…let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation’s wounds…to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.”

IX. The Final Phase

A. Sherman’s March to the Sea1. He marched from Atlanta to Savannah,

GA using “total war” tactics- destroy anything & everything that the

South may be able to use.

http://www.history.com/videos/shermans-legacy-hero-or-monster#shermans-legacy-hero-or-monster

B. The Fall of Richmond1. On April 2, 1865, Grant (N) broke thru

Lee’s (S) line of troops.2. Many of the people living in Richmond

fled and burned most of their city down.

X. Surrender!A. On April 9, 1865, Gen. Lee and his troops surrender to Gen. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia. B. Terms of surrender:

1. Rebels had to lay down their arms2. They could keep their horses3. Could not join military again4. There would be no jailing or hanging5. South would not be punished

C. The War is over!

XI. The Assassinationhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qAeFjCscRY

A. April 14, 1865, 5 days after the war ended, Lincoln and his wife attended a play at Ford’s Theatre in Wash. D.C.

B. As he watched the play, John Wilkes Booth came in from behind & shot him in the back of the head. A few hours later, he was dead.C. Booth escaped to VA where he was cornered by the Union Army in a barn. He would not surrender, and so he was shot to death

XII. The AmendmentsA. These were passed during Reconstruction:

1. 13th Amendment- abolished slavery, Dec. 18, 1865

2. 14th Amendment- granted blacks citizenship, July 28, 1868

3. 15th amendment- gave blacks the right to vote, March 30, 1870

4. Reconstruction ended when Pres. Hayes removed federal troops from the

South in 1877.

XIII. Lincoln’s SpeechesA. 1st Inaugural Address, 1861- told south he did not want to end slavery, just not to let it spread; & if a war starts, it’s the south’s fault.

B. Emancipation Proclamation, Jan. 1, 1863- freed slaves in the south only.

C. Gettysburg Address, 1863- remember those that had died & save the Union.

D. 2nd Inaugural Address, 1865- sin of slavery & how North & South were being punished for slavery.