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Monday. Imperialism. Policy where stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories. Examples: Great Britain 13 Colonies; India; Australia United States Manifest Destiny. American Imperialism. Desire for military strength - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of Monday
Monday
Imperialism
• Policy where stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories.
• Examples:– Great Britain 13 Colonies; India; Australia– United States Manifest Destiny
American Imperialism
1. Desire for military strength2. Thirst for new markets3. Belief in cultural superiority
Desire for Military Strength
• Build up the Navy– 9 Steel-hulled cruisers– U.S.S. Maine and U.S.S. Oregon
Thirst for New Markets
• Overproduction:– Needed new raw materials– Created jobs– Needed more people to sell goods to
Belief in Cultural Superiority
• Social Darwinism:– Christianity– “Civilization”– “Inferior Peoples”– “White man’s burden”
Alaska!
• 1867• William Seward• U.S. paid Russia $7.2 mil.• 2 cents per acre• “Seward’s folly”• Timber• Minerals• Oil• 1959 – 49th state
Hawaii!
• Trade route• Queen Liliuokalani power
to Hawaiians• White plantation owners
revolted– Wanted power
• Sanford B. Dole headed new government– Supported by U.S. Marines
• 1898 – Territory• Pearl Harbor• Sugar• 1959 – 50th state
Tuesday
The Spanish-American War
• Issues with Spain:– Human Rights• Slavery• Concentration Camps• 300,000 people• Hunger and Disease
– Called the U.S. “weak”
Why Cuba?
• 90 miles from Florida• Sugar plantations• Under Spanish rule• Cuba Libre! “Free Cuba”
Yellow Journalism
• Sensational style of writing
• Exaggerates the news to lure and enrage readers
• Newspapers and Journalists want to sell more papers– Joseph Pulitzer
• New York World
– William Randolph Hearst• New York Journal
Use of Yellow Journalism with Cuba
• Poisoned wells• Children being thrown
to sharks• Starvation
Act of War?
• U.S.S. Maine Stationed in Havana Harbor– Bring home American
citizens– Protect American
property
• Feb. 15, 1898 Blew up in the harbor– 260 killed
• What happened?!?!?!
“Remember the Maine”
• April 20, 1898– U.S. declared war on
Spain
War in the Philippines• April 30, 1898• George Dewey• Destroyed the Spanish
Naval Fleet
War in the Caribbean
• Naval Blockade of Cuba– Spanish Navy was
trapped– Kept out needed
supplies
• Cuba– June 1898– 17,000 men– Rough Riders– Buffalo Soldiers
Rough Riders
• Theodore Roosevelt• Calvary (horses)July 1, 1898• San Juan Hill• Led to:– Destruction of the
Spanish Naval Fleet– Invasion of Puerto Rico
Armistice
• Truce• Cease Fire• Aug. 12, 1898
Treaty of Paris
Dec. 10, 1898• Spain freed Cuba• U.S. annexed:– Guam– Puerto Rico
• U.S. bought the Philippines– $20 mil.
Treaty Debate
• Should the U.S. be allowed to annex the Philippines?
• Self-Government?• Domestic v. Foreign Affairs?• Jobs?
Wednesday
Pres. Roosevelt
Russian and Japanese Relations
• Won the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize– Negotiated a peace
between Russia and Japan
• Open Door Notes – U.S., Japan, Russia, and other imperialist nations agreed to mutual economic/trade interest in China.
Pres. Roosevelt
Panama Canal• Shortcut from Atlantic to
Pacific • Through Colombian
controlled Panama– Colombia refused
• U.S. supported Panama in it’s independence
• U.S. bought route for $10 mil. w/ $250,000 annual rent for “Canal Zone”
Pres. Roosevelt“Big Stick Diplomacy”• Monroe Doctrine (1823)• Roosevelt Corollary – the
U.S. would use force to protect its economic interests in Latin America
Pres. Taft
“Dollar Diplomacy”• American businessmen
loaned money to Latin countries
• Guaranteed by the U.S. government
• Justified keeping European powers out of the Caribbean
Pres. Wilson
“Missionary Diplomacy”• U.S. moral responsibility • Denied recognition of
any Latin American government it viewed as:– Oppressive– Undemocratic– Hostile to U.S. interests
Pres. Wilson
Civil War in Mexico• Peasants v. Landowners• Pancho Villa (Anti-U.S.
revolutionary)– Killed 19 people in New
Mexico
• Wilson sent 15,000 troops
• Distracted by start of WWI
Thursday
World War I
M.A.N.I.A. • Militarism• Alliances• Nationalism• Imperialism• Assassination
Militarism
• Aggressive building of an army• Prepare for war• Extensive planning• Conscription- forced to serve in the military• Mobilization- getting troops ready for war
All made war more likely
YOU DO NOT HAVE TO WRITE THIS!!!!!
After 1900• Huge increase in size of European armies– Russia- 1.3 million– France- 900,000 – Germany- 900,000– 250,000-500,000• Great Britain• Italy• Austrian-Hungary
Alliances
• Agreements between two countries• Increased security (“I’ve got your back!”)
1914:• Triple Alliance: Austria-Hungary, Germany, &
Italy• Triple Entente: Russia, France, & Great Britain
• Led to “world” war
Nationalism
• Acting in country’s best interest• Extreme pride in one’s country• Self-Determination
Imperialism
• Desire to gain more land (power!!)• European nations wanted Africa and China• Created rivalries
Assassination
• Gavrilo Princip (Serbian) assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand & wife (Austro-Hungarian)
• Austria-Hungary govt thought Serbian govt planned assassination
Timeline
• June 28, 1914: Assassination• July 28, 1914: AH declares war on Serbia• August 1, 1914: Germany declares war on
Russia (bc Russia is a Serbian ally)• August 3, 1914: Germany declares war on
France (bc France is a Russian ally)
Label the following on MAP 1:
• World War I Alliances• Use next slide!• Be sure to label Belgium (neutral)
Germany’s Plan
• Schlieffen Plan– 2 front war3 Steps:1. 1st German army would hold Russian border 2. 2nd German army would rush to France through
Belgium to defeat Paris3. After France had fallen, the 2 German armies
would work together to defeat Russia • Violated Belgium’s neutrality• FAILED!!!!!!!!!
Label the following on MAP 2:
• Schlieffen Plan• Use next 2 slides
Monday
New Alliances
• Triple Entente (Russia, France, & Great Britain) Allied Powers (Russia, France, GB, Italy, & later US)– Italy changed sides! (flip-flopper)
• Triple Alliance (AH, Germany, & Italy) Central Powers (AH, Germany, & Ottoman Empire)
Label the following on MAP 3:
• Allied Powers• Central Powers• Use next 2 slides
Western Front
• Trench Warfare– Fighting from ditches– Terrible conditions
• Stalemate– No advancement
• War of Attrition– Wearing the other side down– Heavy attacks– Huge loss of life
Meanwhile, back in the USA…(You do not have to write this!!!)
1912• Woodrow Wilson elected president1914• Panama Canal was completed in August– 1 week before WWI started
• Americans were shocked by the outbreak of war but...it was in Europe– U.S. was officially NEUTRAL!!!!!!!!!!!!– Europe’s problem
America Neutral?
1. Isolationism– Not our problem– Booming economy– Trading with both sides
2. Ties to homelands– Immigrants supported their native countries
Propaganda in the U.S.
• Used by both sides before U.S. entry• Used by U.S. to support war efforts
Moving Towards War
German U-boats: Unrestricted Submarine Warfare• Lusitania– British Passenger ship– Killed 1,200 (128 Americans)– U.S. commands Germany to stop
• Sussex– French ship– Sussex Pledge: Germany wouldn’t sink merchant ships
without warning• Kept America out of the war
Moving Towards War
1916• Wilson’s re-elected• “He kept us out of the War”January 1917• Zimmerman Telegram– Germany to Mexico– Intercepted by British– Encouraged Mexico to declare war on U.S.
February 1917• Unrestricted Submarine Warfare– 6 U.S. ships sank by Germany
U.S. Involvement
• Allied Powers – France, GB, Italy, U.S.– Russia dropped out bc of revolution
• Selective Service Act – Draft• American Expeditiary Force (AEF)– “doughboys”
• 369th Infantry Regiment– “Harlem Hellfighters”
Armistice
• 11th hour of the • 11th day of the • 11th month(11am November 11, 1918.)
Tuesday
Paris Peace Conference
• Big Four (U.S., G.B., France, Italy)• Kaiser Wilhelm II (Germany) wasn’t invited• Pres. Wilson’s Fourteen Points– Free Trade– Disarmament– Open Diplomacy instead of Secret Alliances– Self-Determination– League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles
June 28, 1919B.R.A.T.• Blame• Reparations• Army• Territory
Blame
• War Guilt Clause• Germany was responsible for starting the war
Reparations
• Allied Powers wanted payment– $$$$
Army
• Demilitarization– Stripped of all weapons
Territory
• Returned land to France• Buffer (neutral) zone between France and Germany
Senate Says No
• Wouldn’t ratify (approve) Treaty • Isolationism• Lead to alliances• Didn’t agree terms• Didn’t join the League of Nations
Test Wednesday
