Molecular Mechanisms of Alcohol Neurobiology and Metabolism

Experimental Biology and Medicine

Molecular Mechanisms of Alcohol: Neurobiology and Metabolism, edited by Grace Y. Sun, P. Kevin Rudeen, W. Gibson Wood, Yau Huei Wei, and Albert Y. Sun, 1989

Macromolecular Biorecognition: Principles and Methods, edited by Irwin Chaiken, Emilia Chiancone, Angelo Fontana, and Paolo Neri, 1987

Molecular Basis of Lymphokine Action, edited by David R. Webb, Carl W. Pierce, and Stanley Cohen, 1987

Biology of Copper Complexes, edited by John R. J. Sorenson, 1987 Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Disease, edited by P. H. Levine,

D. V. Ablashi, M. Nonoyama, G. R. Pearson, and R. Glaser, 1987

Methods of Protein Sequence Analysis • 1986, edited by Kenneth A. Walsh, 1987

Regulation of Immune Gene Expression, edited by Marc Feldmann and Andrew McMichael, 1986

Biological Methylation and Drug Design, edited by Ronald T. Borchardt, Cyrus R. Creveling, and Per Magne Ueland, 1986

Retroviruses and Human Pathology, edited by Robert C. Gallo, Dominique Stehelin, and Oliviero E. Varnier, 1985

Directed Drug Delivery, edited by Ronald T. Borchardt, Arnold Repta, and Valentino Stella, 1985

Immune Regulation, edited by Marc Feldmann and N. A. Mitchison, 1985

Human T Cell Clones, edited by Marc Feldmann, Jonathan R. Lamb, and James N. Woody, 1985

Inositol and Phosphoinositides, edited by John E. Bleasdale, Joseph Eichberg, and George Hauser, 1985

Growth, Cancer, and the Cell Cycle, edited by Philip Skehan and Susan J. Friedman, 1984

Ir Genes, edited by Carl W. Pierce, Susan E. Cullen, Judith A. Kapp, Benjamin D. Schwartz, and Donald C. Shreffler, 1983

Methods in Protein Sequence Analysis, edited by Marshall Elzinga, 1982

Inflammatory Diseases and Copper, edited by John R. J. Sorenson, 1982

Molecular Mechanisms of Alcohol Neurobiology and Metabolism

Edited by

Grace Y. Sun, P. Kevin Rudeen, W. Gibson Wood, Yau Huei Wei,

and Albert Y. Sun

Humana Press • Clifton, New Jersey

Libraty of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

International Symposium for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (1988 : Taipei, Taiwan)

Molecular actions of ethanol : neurobiology and metabolism I edited by Grace Y. Sun .... ret all.

p. em. - (Experimental biology and medicine) "The proceedings of the International Symposium for Biomedical

Research on Alcoholism) July 4-6, 1988 Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. c."-- T.p. verso.

ISBN-l3: 978-1-4612-8855-8 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-4514-8 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4514-8

1. Alcohol-Physiological effect-Congresses. 2. Alcohol­-Pathophysiology-Congresses. 3. Alcoholism-Animal models--Congresses. I. Sun, Grace Y. II. Title. III. Series: Experimental biology and medicine (Gifton, N. J.)

[DNLM: 1. Alcohol, Ethyl-pharmacology-congresses. 2. Brain Chemistry-drug effects--<:ongresses. 3. Cells, cu1tured-drug effects--<:ongresses. 4. Metabolism-drug effects--<x>ngresses. QV 84 1585m 1988] QP801.A31585 1988 616.86' 107-<ic20 DNLM/DLC for library of Congress 89-19848

© Copyright 1989 by The Humana Press Inc

Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1989

Crescent Manor POBox 2148 Gifton, New Jersey 07015

All rights of any nature whatsoever reserved.

OP

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including electronic, mechanical, photocopying. microxfilming. recording. computer database entry, or networking. or in any manner whatsoever without written permission from the Publisher.

The proceedings of the International Symposium for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism July 4-6,1988 Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C.

Preface

Alcohol abuse throughout the world is associated with serious social and medical implications. Problems such as intoxication, tol­erance, and development of physical dependence have been well recognized. The central nervous system and the liver are especially affected. There is little doubt that alcohol abuse can result in organ damage, which in turn leads to deleterious health consequences to the individual. Understanding ethanol action presents a special challenge because of its molecular simplicity and functional diver­sity. In fact, the ability for alcohol to disrupt cellular function is at­tributed to its cellular injury without regard to an apparent specific mechanism of action. Nevertheless, the key to an effective treatment to this problem is through research into understanding the mechan­isms underlying how ethanol interacts with cells and membranes.

This book is the result of a cooperative effort among scientists from many nations who met in a symposium in Taipei, Taiwan, ROC, July 1988. The focus of this book is on experimental ap­proaches to better understand the molecular mechanisms of ethanol on the biological system. These recent advances in the examination of the alcohol effects on cellular function are divided into four sec­tions. The first section addresses specific actions of ethanol on the central nervous system. The second section is directed to the use of cell cuI tures in ethanol research and the usefulness of cell cultures in examination of the effects of ethanol in vitro. The third section ad­dresses the effects of ethanol on biochemical processes in cellular function, and the fourth section focuses on the use of animal models for alcohol research. Therefore, the contributions within this book encompass the current state of knowledge pertinent to a multifacto­rial etiology of alcohol-related processes at the cellular, biochemical, and molecular levels. Organization of the subject matter into these sections, hopefully, will be informative to the readers in these ex­citing areas of alcohol research.

v

vi Preface

The production of this book would not have been possible with­out the support and help of a number of individuals. The editors wish to express their appreciation to the authors for their willing­ness to contribute and share their work. We are most grateful to the support by National Yang-Ming Medical College and the Chinese National Science Council, Taiwan, ROC for sponsoring the sympo­sium. Thanks are also due to the Ching-Ling Medical Foundations, ROC, International Society for Neurochemistry and University of Missouri-Columbia, USA for additional financial support for the symposium, as well as publication of this book volume. Finally, the editors want to acknowledge their appreciation for the contribu­tions of Ms. Betsey Jones for her diligent role as editorial assistant.

P. Kevin Rudeen Albert Y. Sun Grace Y. Sun

Yau-Huei Wei W. Gibson Wood

Acknowledgments

Sponsor

National Yang-Ming Medical College

Cosponsors

Chinese National Science Council, ROC The Veterans General Hospital, ROC Ching-ling Medical Foundations, ROC International Society for Neurochemistry University of Missouri-Columbia, USA

vii

Contents

v Preface

xiii List of Participants

1. Ethanol Action on Neurochemical Mechanisms

3 Specific Action of Ethanol on Lateral and Vertical Membrane Lipid Domains, W. Gibson Wood, Christine Gorka, A. M. Rao, and FriedheIm Schroeder

15 Effects of Acute and Chronic Ethanol Administration on Metabolism of Brain Acidic Phospholipids, Grace Y. Sun, Renuka Chandrasekhar, and Hsueh-Meei Huang

39 Effects of Ethanol on Receptors Coupled to Phosphoinositide Hydrolysis in Brain, Fulton T. Crews, Norbert I. Pontzer, and L.ludson Chandler

57 The Effects of Ethanol on Synaptic Membrane Calcium Transporting Systems, Mary L. Michaelis

69 Depolarization-Dependent Poly-Phosphoinositide Hydrolysis in Brain Is Inhibited by Ethanol In Vitro, Ruben A. Gonzales

75 Glutamic Acid Synaptic Activity Is a Target of Acute and Chronic Ethanol Effects in the Mammalian Brain, Elias K. Michaelis

ix

x Contents

87 Effect of Ethanol Administration on the Phosphorylation of a 43KDa Synaptosomal Protein, Patricia M. Wixom and Albert Y. Sun

97 Ethanol Alters Monoamine Content in Different Brain Regions of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats, Ying-Ling Wang and Jiann-Wu Wei

107 Synthesis of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters by Brain Membranes, Teng-Nan Lin and Grace Y. Sun

119 Vasopressin and Ethanol Tolerance: Postulated Mechanism for Neuroadaptation, Paula L. Hoffman, Hideaki Ishizawa, Gyula Szabo, J. R. Dave, Li-Ing Liu, and Boris Tabakoff

133 Serotonergic Mechanisms in Alcohol Intake, David T. Wong and James M. Murphy

147 Mechanisms of Central Nervous System Alcohol-Related Birth Defects, P. Kevin Rudeen and Julia A. Creighton

II. Ethanol and Cell Culture

169 Prenatal Ethanol Studies on Astrocytes, SUjata Tewari, Thanh Hoang, David Winn, Kimberly Boyd, and Hemalatha Parekh

193 Cell Cultures as a Model for Alcohol Research, Christer Alling, Elisabeth Hansson, and Per Simonsson

207 Ethanol and Bradykinin-Stimulated Phosphoinositide Hydrolysis in NGI08-15 Neuroblastoma-Glioma Cells, Per Simonsson, Grace Y. Sun, and Christer Alling

215 Effect of Lipid Peroxidation on Glucose Transport in Astrocytes: Potentiation by Ethanol, Teh-Chen Jou, S. M. Liu, and Albert Y. Sun

Contents

III. Ethanol Effects on Metabolism

'l27 Genetic Polymorphism and Properties of Human Alcohol and Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: Implications for Ethanol Metabolism and Toxicity, Shih-Jiun Yin and Ting-Kai Li

249 Population Differences in ALDH Levels and Flushing Response, Chiao-Chicy Chen and Eng-KungYeh

'257 Spin Trapping Studies of the Influence of Alcohol on Lipid Peroxidation, Fiti F. Ahmad, David L. Cowan, and Albert Y. Sun

279 Comparative Study on Biochemical Effects of Alcohols on Rat Liver Mitochondrial Respiration and Oxidative Phosphorylation, Yau-Huei Wei, JiunYu Huang, and Chia-Hsiang Lee

293 Increases in Hepatic Gammaglutamyl Transferase Following Alcohol Consumption: A Hepatoprotective Rather than a Pathogenic Role, Yedy Israel, Shigeyuki Nagata, and Hernan Spiesky

305 Effects of Chronic Ethanol and Fish Oil on Plasma

xi

and Liver Lipids and Plasma Apoproteins, M. R. Lakshman, Stuart J. Chirtel, and Laura L. Chambers

317 Effects of Ethanol on Contractility and Membrane Currents of Cardiac Tissue, M. J. SU and S. O. Lin

327 Effect of Acute Ethanol on Membrane Transport of Folate, Kenneth E. McMartin, William R. Bates, Tamaca Fortney, and Sneh D. Bhandari

335 Alcoholism: A Low-Risk Disorder for Chinese? Community Surveys in Taiwan, Eng-Kung Yeh, Hai-Gwo Hwu, Chiao-Chicy Chen, and Yuan-Li Yeh

xii Contents

Iv. Animal Models for Alcohol Research

359 Mechanism(s) of Modulation of Alcohol Consumption: Studies on the P and NP Rats, Lawrence Lumeng, Ting-Kai Li, William J. McBride, James M. Murphy, Sandra L. Morzorati, and Janice C. Froehlich

371 Miniature Swine as an Animal Model for Alcohol Research, Albert Y. Sun, M. E. Tumbleson, James O. Dexter, and Grace Y. Sun

389 Index

List of Participants FIFI F. AHMAD • Sinclair Research Farm, University of Missouri,

Columbia, MO CHRISTER ALLING • Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry,

Lund University, Lund, Sweden CHIAo-CHICY CHEN • Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei, Taiwan,

ROC fuLTON T. CREWS • Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics,

University of Florida, Gainesville, FL RUBEN A. GONZALES • Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology,

University of Texas, Austin, TX PAULA L. HOFFMAN • Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological

Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD

YEDY IsRAEL • Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

TEH-CHEN JOu • Institute of Neurosciences, National Yang-Ming Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC

M. R. LAKSHMAN • Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Washington, DC

TENG-NAN LIN • Sinclair Research Farm, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO

LAWRENCE LUMENG • Department of Medicine, Indiana University, In­dianapolis, IN

KENNETH E. McMARTIN • Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport, LA

ELIAS K. MICHAELIS • Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Univer­sity of Kansas, Lawrence, KS

MARYL. MICHAELIS • Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, Univer­sity of Kansas, Lawrence, KS

P. KEVIN RUDEEN • Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Univer­sity of Missouri, Columbia, MO

xiii

xiv List of Participants

PER SIMONSSON • Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

M. J. Su • Pharmacological Institute, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC

ALBERT Y. SUN • Sinclair Research Farm, University of Missouri, Col­umbia,MO

GRACE Y. SUN • Sinclair Research Farm, University of Missouri, Col­umbia,MO

SUJATA TEWARI • Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, California College of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA

YING-LING WANG • Department of Anatomy, Taipei Medical College, National Yang-Ming Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC

YAu-HuEI WEI • Department of Biochemistry, National Yang-Ming Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC

PATRICIA M. WIXOM • Sinclair Research Farm, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO

DAVID T. WONG • Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN

W. GIBSON WOOD • VA Medical Center and Department of Pharma­cology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN

ENG-KUNG YEH • Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC SHlH-JIUN YIN • Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical

Center, ROC