OUTLINE Overview of Lessons Learned Specific Lessons Learned (Lessons 1 to 7) Closing Remarks

2016/03/14JMBSC 1

Modernizing Weather, Climate and Hydrological Services and Early Warning Systems

EMERGING LESSONS LEARNED IN JAPANMitsuhiko Hatori

Japan Meteorological Business Support Center (JMBSC)

Disaster Risk Management Public Seminar No. 7Modernizing Weather, Climate and Hydrological Services and Early Warning Systems: Experience of World Bank and Japan

March 14, 2016

“はれるん (Harerun)” - JMA’s mascot, incorporating elements of the Sun, clouds and rainfalls, with a green baton representing hopes for a peaceful and disaster-free world

It will be fine.

2016/03/14JMBSC 2

Meteorological Service Act- Legal Framework for meteorological services in Japan -

1

3, 11, 15 and 16

Overview of Lessons Learnedfor the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) and

for designing and implementation of modernization development projects

for National Meteorological Hydrological Services (NMHSs) in Developing Countriesand

for Designing and Implementing Modernization Projects

for Designing and Implementing Modernization Projec

Users (Public, Governments and Socio-economic Sectors)

Interface with the Public and StakeholdersUser-oriented and risk-based services

Lesson 77: Modernization Projects

Based on Proper Fact-finding andIn Considering International Contexts and Collaboration

Lessons 1, 2 and 31: Long-term Efforts

with Strategies2: User Needs and

System Requirements3: Legal and Regulatory

Frameworks of NMHSs

Lessons 4, 5 and 64: Sound Observation Systems

and Open Data Policy5: Early Warning Services

and Collaborations6: Hydrological Services and IWRM

Lesson 1: Modernization of meteorological and hydrological services requires long-term step-by-step efforts, which should be anchored to well-defined medium- and long-term strategies.

Lessons Learned from Japan’s Experiences

2016/03/14JMBSC 3

(1) Strategies and implementation plans should be realistic and take into consideration currently available science and technology, financial and human resources.

(2) Strategic planning is the continuous and iterative process.

(3) Special attention should be paid to opportunities to re-examine and revise these strategies right after major disasters as such events usually leave valuable lessons.

Lesson 2: User needs should define the meteorological and hydrological system.

Lessons Learned from Japan’s Experiences

(2) User-oriented modernization process has warranted strong support from tax payers and decision makers to maintain and further develop both meteorological and hydrological services.

2016/03/14JMBSC 4

(1) Modernization of meteorological and hydrological services in Japan has been largely driven by evolving user needs, be it flood management, navigation, transport, agriculture, energy or early warning for hazards and others.

Lessons Learned from Japan’s ExperiencesLesson 3: Legal and regulatory frameworks should clearly define the roles and responsibilities of the National Meteorological and Hydrological Service (NMHS), the public and private sector stakeholders in the provision of meteorological, hydrological and early warning services.

(1) Effective Early Warning Systems require good coordination among stakeholders, clarification of their roles and responsibilities and ensure timely delivery of actionable messages to all the residents at risk.

(2) National law(s) should clearly define NMHS as the single authoritative voice for warning services.

2016/03/14JMBSC 5

Lesson 4: Sound meteorological and hydrological observation systems is prerequisite for any meteorological and hydrological services and open data policy supports broader use of obtained data.

Lessons Learned from Japan’s Experiences

2016/03/14JMBSC 6

(1) The quality-assured data is critical for the establishment of long-term meteorological, climatological and hydrological databases as the basis for effective DRM activities and formulation of Climate Change Adaptation strategies.

(2) Open data policy and user friendly data dissemination systems ensure the broader use of data thus greater socio-economic benefits.

Lessons Learned from Japan’s Experiences

Lesson 5: User-oriented, risk-based and seamless early warning services should be established and advanced in close cooperation with the relevant authorities and the public where enabling institutional arrangements is key.

2016/03/14JMBSC 7

(1) Some disasters could result from a complex combination of multiple events thus effective preparation and management of such events require a comprehensive multi-hazard approach through collaboration with multiple stakeholders.

(2) The DRM coordination entity should be empowered to ensure effective coordination among all the stakeholders and NMHS needs to feed critical meteorological, hydrological and early warning information into the national DRM system.

(3) Establishment of the Cabinet Office in Japan, which designs and coordinates integrated disaster management policy, has further streamlined disaster countermeasures.

Lessons Learned from Japan’s Experiences

2016/03/14JMBSC 8

Lesson 6: Design and development of hydrological services should be fully aligned and where possible, fully institutionally integrated with Integrated Water Resources Management.

(2) The current system has been eventually established to make river management authorities be solely responsible for all the river management related matters including the provision of hydrological services.

(3) This approach has the advantage of ensuring the swift reflection of evolving needs and priorities of major users.

(1) Hydrological services have evolved as an integral part of Integrated Water Resources Management in Japan, the concept of which was conceived as early as the beginning of the 20th century.

Lessons Learned from Japan’s ExperiencesLesson 7: Modernization projects should be designed and implemented based on proper fact-finding and in considering regional and international contexts and collaboration, with appropriate evaluation and optimization in the implementation phases.

2016/03/14JMBSC 9

(1) Meteorological and hydrological services in developing countries should be developed in accordance with global and regional systems and standards coordinated by WMO, ICAO, etc.

(2) Modernization programs can be most efficiently designed and implemented when tapping regional/global resources and services provided by global/regional centers of excellence.

(3) JMA’s experiences in world/regional centers suggest that NMSs in developing countries should enhance ICT networks and resources to take full advantage of supports since weak communication infrastructure is usually the bottleneck.

(4) Capacity building is also essential for successful and sustainable modernization. Education and training opportunities offered by the international community should be best utilized for systematic transfer of knowledge and expertise.

Lesson 7: (Continued)

Lessons Learned from Japan’s Experiences

2016/03/14JMBSC 10

Developing Countries in Asia-Pacific Region

Satellite imagery

Numerical Weather

Prediction (NWP) Models

In-situ Observations

Polar orbiting satellite

Based on the lessons learned in this review, developed countries, donors and international organizations should support and coordinate development cooperation projects towards the common target:

2016/03/14JMBSC 11

Common Targetof Development Cooperation Projects

“Developing countries should develop themselves to establish the well-defined medium- and long-term strategic

planning and management for sustainability which include

the development and maintenance of observation, monitoring and forecast systems and the improvement of service delivery to user communities.”

Knowledge, technology and expertise in Japan for weather, climate and hydrological services

will contribute to the modernization of NMHSs in developing countries including systems, operations and human resources.

2016/03/14JMBSC 12

Closing

Thank you for your attention !

It will be fine.