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![Page 1: Models of Urban Structure. Urban Components -CBD (central business district): location of skyscrapers and companies (would always be the center of the.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062515/56649c925503460f9494cbe5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Models of Urban Structure
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Urban Components-CBD (central business district): location of skyscrapers and
companies (would always be the center of the 3 urban models, many people commute, few actually live there)
-Central city: urban area that is not suburban; generally the older or original city surrounded by the newer suburbs.
-Inner city: urban area around the CBD; typically poorer and more run down in the US and other long-developed states; typically more rich
upscale in less-developed states.
-Ghetto: inner cities that become dilapidated centers of poverty, as affluent whites move out of the suburbs (white flight) and immigrants
and poorer people vie for scarce jobs and resources.-
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Changes in Cities in the U.S. U.S. population has been moving out of the city centers to the
suburbs: suburbanization and counterurbanization
U.S. intraregional migration during 1990s.
Developed Countries: suburbanization
wealthy move to suburbs automobiles and roads;
‘American Dream’ better services
wealthy move to suburbs
counterurbanizationidyllic settings
cost of land for retirementslow pace, yet high tech
connections to services and markets
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Inner Cities – White Flight
• Inner-city physical problems– Deterioration process– Urban renewal
• Inner-city social problems– Underclass– Culture of poverty– Blockbusting– Redlining
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Three Classical Models of Urban Structure
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Concentric Zone Model
Ernest Burgess, 1920’sCity of Chicago
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Concentric Zone Model
Zone A: •CBD is here•Transportation infrastructure converges•Most tertiary employment
Zone B: •Industrial activities•Adjacent to CBD, labor and markets•Port sites and rail yards
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Concentric Zone Model
Zone C: •Low income housing•Constantly being converted to other uses due to expanding manufacturing and industrial activities•First generation immigrants
Zone D:• residential zone dominated by working class•Second generation immigrants•Near employment
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Concentric Zone Model
Zone E: •Higher quality housing •Longer commuter costs
Zone F:• outside zone E•High class expensive housing•Rural, suburban setting
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Concentric Zone Model: Considerations
Considered a product of its time, circa 1950Developed for American cities and not easily applied elsewhereDeveloped when people used public transit and can’t be applied to the highway cities of today
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TODAY• INDIVIDUALLY-RECREATE POWDER
SPRINGS GA • Just like the model
• Include examples (in each sector) from your memory.
• Be able to discuss the positives and negatives of this model
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Three Classical Models of Urban Structure
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1871
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1892
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1996
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THE SECTOR MODEL
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Sector Model
Homer Hoyt, 1939City of ChicagoTransport had a direct impact on land usesCities grow along an axis, thus the sector model6
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Sector Model
Zone 1: •CBD •Land is expensive•Little space, competition is high, congestion is high
Zone 2: •Zone of Transition•Old industries located here•State of constant change due to growth of Zone 1
6
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Sector Model
Zone 3: •Zone of Transition•A.k.a old inner city areas•Low class residential housing
Zone 4: •Council Estates•Semi-detached housing•Garden areas•Medium-class residential
6
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Sector Model
Zone 6: •Countryside areas•Pleasant, rural surroundings•Satellite villages and towns
Zone 5: •Commuter Zone•Private, high class, top quality housing•Much commuting into CBD
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Multi-Nuclei Theory
Harris and UllmanSeparate nuclei or CBD’s in the urban pattern, not just oneCentrifugal forces determine land use, ie residential repels industrialHigh rent vs low rent
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Multi-Nuclei Theory
Zone 1•CBD
Zone 2•Zone of Transition
Zone 3•Residential Low Class
Zone 4•Residential Middle Class
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Multi-Nuclei TheoryZone 5•Residential Upper Class
Zone 6•Industry and Heavy Manufacturing
Zone 7•Mini CBD
Zone 8•Residential Suburb
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Multi-Nuclei Theory
Zone 9•Industrial Suburb
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Urban Realms Model
Each realm is a separate economic, social and political entity that is linked together to form a larger metro framework.
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Modeling the Cities of the Global Periphery and Semiperiphery
• Latin American City (Griffin-Ford model)
• African City (de Blij model)
• Southeast Asian City (McGee model)
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Latin American City (Griffin-Ford model)
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The African City (de Blij model)
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Southeast Asian City (McGee model)