MODALS MODALS PERFECT...modal verbs - are special - behave irregularly - give additional info about...
Transcript of MODALS MODALS PERFECT...modal verbs - are special - behave irregularly - give additional info about...
MODAL VERBS
- ARE SPECIAL
- BEHAVE IRREGULARLY
- GIVE ADDITIONAL INFO ABOUT THE FUNCTION OF
THE MAIN VERB
- MOST OF THEM NEVER CHANGE THEIR FORM
-ED -ING -S
- ALWAYS FOLLOWED BY BARE INFINITIVE
(TO DRINK)
- ARE USED TO EXPRESS: PERMISSION, ABILITY,
OBBLIGATION, POSSIBILITY, PROHIBITION, (LACK
OF) NECESSITY, ADVICE, PROBABILITY ETC
CAN / COULD / BE ABLE TO
CAN ABILITY (PRESENT) I CAN SWIM
PERMISSION / REQUEST CAN I HAVE A BISCUIT,
PLEASE?
POSSIBILITY SMOKING CAN CAUSE
CANCER
COULD ABILITY (PAST) I COULD SWIM WHEN I
WAS 2.
PERMISSION / REQUEST YOU COULD GO TO THE
CINEMA ONCE A WEEK
POSSIBILITY THAT COIN COULD BE
VALUABLE
BE ABLE TO ABILITY (OTHER TENSES) I HAVE BEEN ABLE TO
SWIM SINCE I WAS 3.
I WILL BE ABLE TO HELP
YOU TOMORROW
AFTERNOON
MAY / MIGHT
MAY PERMISSION YOU MAY LEAVE NOW
REQUEST MAY I GO TO THE TOILET?
POSSIBILITY + SHE MAY COME WITH US
MIGHT LITTLE POSSIBILITY + JOHN MIGHT GO TO THE
PARTY LATER
SHOULD / OUGHT TO
SHOULD ASSUMPTION / DEDUCTION /
PREDICTION
THE PLANE SHOULD BE
LANDING NOW
THIS FILM SHOULD BE GOOD
ADVICE YOU SHOULD GO TO THE
DOCTOR SOON
SHOULDN’T + VERB WHEN IT’S BAD OR WRONG
OUGHT TO LIKE SHOULD BUT MORE FORMAL
MUST / HAVE TO
HAVE / HAS TO EXTERNAL OBLIGATION YOU HAVE TO STOP WHEN THE
TRAFFIC LIGHT IS RED
DON’T HAVE TO
DOESN’T HAVE TO
NOT NECESSARY I DON’T HAVE TO GO TO WORK
TOMORROW
MUST PERSONAL
OBLIGATION
JOHN MUST WORK HARDER IF HE
WANTS TO PASS THE TEST
DEDUCTION HE FAILED THE EXAM, HE MUST BE
DISAPPOINTED
MUSTN’T PROHIBITION YOU MUSTN’T SMOKE HERE
NEED
NEED NECESSARY I THINK I NEED AN UMBRELLA, IT’S
POURING!
NEEDN’T NOT NECESSARY YOU NEEDN’T WATER THE FLOWERS,
JOHN WILL BE BACK TOMORROW
SHALL / HAD BETTER / WOULD RATHER
SHALL SUGGESTIONS SHALL I GET A PIZZA FOR
DINNER TONIGHT?
OFFERS THAT BAG LOOKS VERY HEAVY!
SHALL I CARRY IT FOR YOU?
FUTURE
INSTEAD OF WILL
WITH I AND WE
I SHALL GO TO THE DENTIST
HAD BETTER
(‘D BETTER)
ADVICE THEY HAD BETTER CHOOSE A
CHEAPER HOTEL
WOULD
RATHER
(‘D RATHER)
PREFERENCE
(CURRENT)
I WOULD RATHER HAVE
COFFEE THAN TEA
I WOULD RATHER NOT GO OUT
TONIGHT
PERFECT TENSE MODALS
MODAL VERB + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
THEY ALLOW US TO SPEAK
RETROSPECTIVELY ABOUT A COMPLETED
ACTION IN THE PASTTUESDAY
JOHN IS DRIVING VERY FAST AND HIS WIFE SARAH SAYS: “JOHN, YOU
SHOULD SLOW DOWN!”
FRIDAY
THEY RECEIVE THE FINE. SARAH SAYS: “JOHN, YOU SHOULD HAVE
SLOWED DOWN!”