Mod 3 types of ltm slides
Transcript of Mod 3 types of ltm slides
MemorySpecification:
• Types of long-term memory: episodic, semantic, procedural.
Memory
• Main problem with the multi-store model of memory is that it is a basic model of human memory.
• It is too simple.
• It cannot fully explain what we do with our memory.
Memory
• Case studies of patients with amnesia have provided evidence that LTM is not one single store.
• Retrograde amnesia: affects retrieval of information from LTM.
• Anterograde amnesia: affects the ability to transfer information from STM to LTM.
• H.M. had anterograde amnesia.
• He was unable to encode and transfer information from STM to LTM memory.
• His short-term memory was unaffected.
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• Clive wearing had anterograde amnesia and partial retrograde amnesia.
• He could not encode and transfer information from STM to LTM.
• He could not retrieve some autobiographical memories from LTM.
• He could retrieve complex music from LTM and play the piano from memory.
Memory
• This is evidence that LTM is made up of more than one memory store.
• It is evidence that there must be a memory store for autobiographical memories and a memory store for how to do things.
Memory
• Research has found that there are at least three LTM memory stores.
Memory: episodic memory
• Episodic memory.
• Autobiographical LTM store.
• Endel Tulving (1972)
Memory: semantic memory
• A LTM store for knowledge.
• A mental encyclopedia.
• Facts.
• Words.
• Concepts.
• Meanings.
Memory: procedural memory
• A LTM for learned tasks that do not require much conscious memory.
• Walking.
• Dressing.
• Riding a bike.
• Speech.
Types of LTM: evaluation
• Clinical evidence: case studies of patients with amnesia.
• H.M.
• Clive Wearing.
Types of LTM: evaluation
• Neuroimaging evidence.
• Studies using brain scans.
• PET scans: positron emission tomography.
• Brain scans have found that different parts of the brain store different types of LTM.
Types of LTM: evaluation
• Tulving (1989) found that episodic and semantic memories were recalled from the pre-frontal cortex.
• Right pre-frontal cortex: episodic memories.
• Left pre-frontal cortex: semantic memories.
Types of LTM: evaluation
• Real-life applications.
• The identification of different types of LTM and where they are stored in the brain has led to the development of treatment of memory loss.
Types of LTM: evaluation
• Complete the table ‘Types of LTM…….’
Types of LTM: evaluation
• Complete the types of LTM question sheet.