MOBILE COMMUNICATION

SUBMITTED BY:Nitesh Singh Patel (2013178)Pareena Neema (2013191)Parita Mandhana (2013192)Parth Mehta (2013193)

WHAT IS MOBILE COMMUNICATION?

• Mobile communications refers to a form of communications which does not depend on a physical connection between the sender and receiver and who may move from one physical location to another during communication.

THE IMPACT OF MOBILE COMMUNICATION

HISTORY OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION I

• 1896 Guglielmo Marconi• 1915 Wireless voice transmission New York - San

Francisco• 1928 Many TV broadcast trials (across Atlantic,

color TV, TV news)• 1982 Start of GSM-specification• 1983 Start of the American AMPS (Advanced

Mobile Phone System, analog) • 1992 Start of GSM

HISTORY OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION II

• 1998 Specification of GSM successors• 1999 Standardization of additional wireless LANs• 2000 GSM with higher data rates• 2001 Start of 3G systems

GSM ARCHITECTURE

Characteristics GSM CDMA

Technology FDMA and TDMA Spread Spectrum

Security Less secured Highly secured

Spectrum Frequencies 850 MHz and 1900 MHz 850 MHz and 1900 MHz

Global Reach 76% 24%

Data Transfer Rate 384 kbps 2 mbps

Radiation Exposure Higher radiation Very less radiation

Comparison between GSM and CDMA

Security & Privacy: A Major Concern For GSM

CHANNELIZATION TECHNIQUES

• TDMA• FDMA• CDMA

TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (TDMA)

• Each user is allowed to transmit only within specified time intervals (Time Slots). Different users transmit in different Time slots.

• When users transmit, they occupy the whole frequency bandwidth (separation among users is performed in the time domain).

FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (FDMA)

• Each user transmits with no limitations in time, but using only a portion of the whole available frequency bandwidth.

• Different users are separated in the frequency domain

CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS

• In CDMA each user is assigned a unique code sequence (spreading code), which it uses to encode its data signal.

• The receiver, knowing the code sequence of the user, decodes the received signal and recovers the original data.

COMPARISON OF FDMA, TDMA & CDMA

HANDOFF

In cellular telecommunications, the term handover or handoff refers to the process of transferring an ongoing call or data session from one channel connected to the core network to another. 

The Evolution Of Mobile Communication

• 1G- First Generation Wireless Developed in 1980’s Analog Transmission Focus on Voice Data services almost non-existent. Incompatible standards:-

Different frequencies and signaling. International roaming impossible.

Welcome to The Era of Wireless Communication

• 1st wireless cellphone introduced• Focussed on voice

Low capacity, unreliable handoff

No threats It is an outdated technology

• 2G- SECOND GENERATION WIRELESS

It was invented and developed in 1990-1991. Digital transmission technology. Increased QoS. Possibility of wireless data services. 863 million users in 197 countries

No threats No opportunities

DigitalMore flexible.

Higher data bandwidth requirement

• 3G- THIRD GENERATION WIRELESS

Introduced in 2004-05. Increased clarity. Perfection as like a real conversation. Highly sophisticated form of communication. Applications are:

Mobile TV Video on demand Video Conference Location Based Services

Worldwide standard for accessing gloabal telecommunications

Higher cost as compared with their predecessors.

Since 2G mobile is in market squeezing the market competition.

Consumers replacing handsets with newer technology

• I P BASED• SPEED IMPROVEMENT• HIGHER CAPACITY• REDUCED L ATENCY• 4G IS MORE SPECTRALLY EFF IC IENT THAN

3G • BECAUSE 4G S IGNALS ARE SPARSER THAN

3G K ILLS BATTERY• OFDM (ORTHOGONAL FREQUENCY

DIV IS ION MULT IPLEXING)• MIMO (MULT IPLE INPUT MULT IPLE

OUTPUT)• 4G IN INDIA

4G : ADVANCE RADIO TECHNOLOGY

3G VS 4G

Generations Of Mobile Communication

THE WORLD'S 5 LARGEST MOBILE PHONE HANDSET

VENDORS 

Samsung ; 23.60%

Nokia; 14.80%

Apple; 9.00%

LG Elec-tron-ics;

3.70%

ZTE; 3.40%

Samsung NokiaAppleLG ElectronicsZTE

THE WORLD'S FIVE LARGEST TELECOMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT

VENDORS

• Ericsson • Huawei • Alcatel-

Lucent

• NSN

• ZTE