Mitochondrial genetics and management
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Mitochondria
Using an ancient genome to derive the evolutionary relatedness among species.
What are they?
The powerhouses of the cell Also involved in intracellular signalling, cell differentiation, cell
death, as well as the control of the cell cycle and cell growth
In most multicellular organisms, mtDNA is inherited from the mother (maternally inherited).
Mechanisms for this include: simple dilution (an egg contains 100,000 to 1,000,000 mtDNA molecules, whereas a sperm contains only 100 to 1000); degradation of sperm mtDNA in the fertilized egg; andfailure of sperm mtDNA to enter the egg.
Inheritance of Mitochondria
Exceptions to the universal genetic code (UGC) in mitochondriaOrganism Codon Standard MitochondriaMammals AGA, AGG Arginine Stop codon
Invertebrates AGA, AGG Arginine SerineFungi CUA Leucine Threonine
All of the above
AUA Isoleucine MethionineUGA Stop codon Tryptophan
Evidence of an ancient origin?
REs are sequence-specific nucleases
Methods Overview
• Collect samples• Isolate mtDNA• PCR amplify control region• Statistical analyses
Sample Collection
mtDNA Control Region
1. Largest non-coding region of the mt-genome
2. Concentrated area of polymorphism
3. Contains Origin of Replication and Origin of Transcription
Conclusion
Hawaiian green turtles are genetically isolated from the rest of the Pacific; e.g. they are one
discrete genetic stock