MIS 105MIS 105

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS

The LecturerThe Lecturer

Molla Ehsanul Majid BSc Engg (BUET) MCS (UOW, AUS) MT (UWS, AUS)

One SAP Training (Senior SAP Training Consultant)

Australian Public Education System (Educator)

2MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems

Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their UsersUsers

The computer defined: An electronic device that process data, converting it

into information that is useful to people May be for individual use or organisational use Early Analogue Computers were mechanical devices

weighing several tons and using motors & gears to perform calculations

Modern Digital Computers use binary numbers (sets of 0s and 1s) to perform calculations; small in size

MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 3

Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their UsersUsersComputers for individual users:

◦One user per machine at any time. ◦Also known as Personal Computers

(PCs) or microcomputers◦Six primary types in this category:

Desktop computers Workstations Notebooks Tablet PCs Handheld computers Smart phones

MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 4

Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their UsersUsers- - Computers for individual Computers for individual usersusers

MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 5

Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their UsersUsers- - Computers for individual Computers for individual usersusersWorkstations:

A specialized, single-user system More powerful than a PC Popular among scientists, engineers and

animators More speed, & memory, high resolution

monitor, greater space

Sun workstationMIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 6

Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their UsersUsers- - Computers for individual Computers for individual usersusersNotebook computers:

Easily fits inside a briefcase Also known as laptop computers as people

usually use them on laps Operate either on Alternating Current (AC)

or batteries Becoming more and more popular due to

increased power and speed Docking station: an unit that helps a

notebook to be used as a PC; often includes larger monitor and additional ports

MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 7

Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their UsersUsers- - Computers for individual Computers for individual usersusersTablet PCs:

Smaller than notebooks in size Uses specialised version of softwares and

Operating System Often uses a special digital pen called a Stylus

Pen which is used to write directly on screen Few models have special folded keyboard that

can be used as a notebook iPad is a popular Tablet PC

MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 8

Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their UsersUsers- - Computers for individual Computers for individual usersusersHandheld PCs:

Small enough to fit in hand PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) is a

popular type of handheld computer Mostly used as an organiser, eg, to take

notes, display telephone numbers and addresses etc

Many PDAs come with internet access and Wi-Fi options

MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 9

Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their UsersUsers- - Computers for individual Computers for individual usersusersSmart phones:

Cellular phones with advanced features are called smart phones

Features may include email access, specialised software applications (apps), digital camera, music player, miniature keyboard etc

MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 10

Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their Users Users -Computers for -Computers for OrganizationsOrganizations◦Have many user at the same time

◦Used by organizations, schools, businesses etc

◦Mainly four types: Network Servers Mainframe Computers Minicomputers Supercomputers

MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 11

Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their Users Users -Computers for -Computers for OrganizationsOrganizationsNetwork Servers:

A powerful personal computer with special software and hardware installed

Works as the primary computer in the network All other personal computers in the network are

connected to this central server Clusters or Server farms: A network with dozens or

hundreds of network servers working together Blades: Servers reduced to a smaller unit In a large organization different groups of servers may

have different tasks; some for website hosting, some for email, some for database, some for printing etc

Servers may be accessed through a PC, or handheld devices

MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 12

Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their Users Users -Computers for -Computers for OrganizationsOrganizations

MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 13

Exploring Computers & Their Exploring Computers & Their Users Users -Computers for -Computers for OrganizationsOrganizationsMinicomputers:

Comparatively small size In terms of capability, it falls somewhere between

PCs and mainframes Often called midrange computers Can serve the input and output needs of

hundreds of users Supercomputers:

Most powerful computers today with hundreds or thousands of processors; physically large

Can perform trillions of calculation per second Used in the mapping of human genome,

modelling nuclear fission, forecasting weather etcMIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 14

Inside the Computer Inside the Computer SystemSystem

MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 15

Inside the Computer Inside the Computer SystemSystemEssential Computer Hardware:

A computers hardware devices fall into one of four categories:

Processor Memory Input and output Storage

MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 16

Inside the Computer SystemInside the Computer System- Processing Devices- Processing DevicesProcessor:

Like the brain of the computer. Organizes and carries out instructions that come from the user or software

Microprocessors: A processor usually consists of one or more

microprocessorsMotherboard:

A circuit board that interconnect other hardware such as processor, hard drive, memory, sound card etc

Central Processing Unit (CPU): Processors can be of a single chip or many chips. In

either case the term CPU refers to a computer’s processor

MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 17

Inside the Computer SystemInside the Computer System- Memory Devices- Memory DevicesRandom Access Memory (RAM)

Temporarily holds data for faster access by programs Volatile; erases all data when computer turned off The more RAM, the faster the computer Measured in Kilobytes, Megabytes (MB) or Gigabytes

(GB)Read-Only Memory (ROM)

Permanently stores data, even when the computer turns off

ROM holds instructions that computer needs to operate

Eg, CD-ROM, DVD-ROMMIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 18

Inside the Computer SystemInside the Computer System- Input and Output Devices- Input and Output DevicesInput devices:

Accept instructions from the user or another computer system and deliver this to the computer for processing.

Mouse, joystick, scanner, digital camera, keyboard, microphone etc are input devices

Output devices: Output devices present processed data to the user Monitor, printer, speakers etc are output devices

A touch screen is both an input and output device

MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 19

Inside the Computer SystemInside the Computer System- Storage Devices- Storage Devices

◦ Stores data. Three main types: Magnetic storage: uses a round disk that spins

around its center. Contains a Read/write head that reads data from the disk or write data onto it. Eg, hard drive

Optical storage: Devices that use lasers to read data from the surface of an optical disk or write onto it. Eg, CD-ROM, CR-RW, DVD-R etc

Semiconductor storage type: Device that use semiconductor chip to store data. Eg, Non-volatile type (Flash drive, memory card) and Volatile type (RAM)

MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 20

SoftwaresSoftwares

Mainly of two types: System Software: Programs that are used

to control computer’s hardware or for maintenance purposes so that the computers functions smoothly,

operating systems (windows 7, windows XP), Network operating systems (windows server), Utility softwares (Norton’s Antivirus, disk

defragmenter etc) Application Software: Used to accomplish

a specific task. Eg, Word processing software (MS Word), Spreadsheet software (MS Excel) etc

MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 21

Computer UsersComputer Users

User’s role: Setting up the system Installing software Running programs Managing files Maintaining the system

Userless computers; Controlled by special operating instructions Eg, washing machine, robot etc

MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 22

Check out regularly:Check out regularly:For results and updates…………

MEMnsu.weebly.com

MIS 105 Introducing Computer Systems 23