q : '~ T H E

'SUNRISE' , m s ' i ~ / ; i . i ' i r •

",~ EqiT~D, BY ,M, Ni. GAkEE , i~i ' ~, . . " " / . • / .

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MINI ION. OF C A N A D A

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U N I T E D 5 T A T V 5 ES"

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Vol. VII . M a r c h , 1 9 3 5 N o . 4

• . A Q u a r t e b l y M a g a z i n e

A n n u a l S u b s c r i p t i o n , $ I . 0 0 ( E n g l a n d 5 / - I n d i a Rs. 3 / - ) S ing le C o p y 25¢

Founded by DR. M. M. $ADIQ. Published by SUFI M. R. BEHGALEE 56 E. C o n g r e s s St . , S u i t e ! 307. . C h i c a g o , I~l., U . S. A m e r .

The Ahmadiyya Movement The Ahm:tdiw-a Movcment was founded by Hazrat Ahmad, the

Promised Messia'l~ a n d _Mahdi and the expected Messenger of all nations, hi tile spirit and power-of all the earlier prophets, he came to serve and re-interpret the iinal and eternal teaching laid down bv (;od in the tloly. Quran. The Movement therefore represents: the True and Real I s l am and seeks to uplift humanity and to establish peace throughout the world, l lazrat Ahmad died in 1908, and the present Head of the Movement is his second snccessor, Hazrat .Mirza Bashirud-Din Malmmd Ahmad; under whose directions the Move- ment has established Missions in rimny parts o f the wor ld . the fnllowing~ !ieing th e adt!resses of some of them :

T H E LON DON MOSOUE:

63 MelroSe ROad. Southfield.<

London. S. W. 18, England.

T H E AHM!ADIYYA M O V E M E N T I N I S L A M

Sufi .~I. R:. Bengalee. M.A. . 56 E. Congress St.,

T H E A H M A D I Y Y A MOSLEM M I S S I O N .

928 \V. Zth Street, Cincinnati. O..

U . S . . America. '

T H E AI-[MAI)I YY.-\ MOSI . I -M MISSIO. N.

21~ S. Fnclid Ave.. Dav t .n . ( Ihiu.

• T H I : Ai_IM:\I)IYY:\ M O S I . E M M I S S I O X .

Suite 1307, 5311 XVoodlaml. Ave.. Chicago, Illinois/ " . Cleveland. Ohi . .

U. S.. America. " q~I:tE AHMADI:YYA

T H E A H M A D I Y Y A M O S L E M M I S S I O N ,

1419 Roosevelt Ave . . ' ' Indianapolis, lnd.;

U . S., America.

T H F , A H M ADIYYA M O S L E M M I S S I O N .

M O V E M E N T . Gold Coast, West Africa.

Cgmmercial-Road, Salt Pond . . •

T H E A H M A D I Y Y A : M O V E M E N T ,

Rose H'ill, Maurltius.

' O[3XVootlland Avmiue, ' - • THI,; A H M A I ) I V Y : \ Kail szts City. Missouri~ ,Xl O V E~I EN T. .

. . . . . - Rnx No. 305. G. P. O., T H E A H M A D I Y Y A - Perth, XV. Australia. M O S L E M M I S S I O N . . . .

537 Hendr ie Street, M A L A N A ABUL~ATA Detroit. M ichigan.

T H E A H M A D I Y Y A M O S L E M M I S S I O N ,

2008 \Vvlie Aveuue. Pittsburgla. Pa..

U. S.; America-

J U L L U N DARI. Shari-ui-Burj.

- . • Haifa. Palestine.

~ M A U L V I - R A I I M A T ALI ,

Ca re o f Deved Kamtmeng. Djawa. Padang. S. "W: C.

. . ~ "

. : . • .

T H E

M o s l e m S u n r i s e . i..II.*..|lUI~||IUlmlIWIStlII IIuIsIIIuI~IIIIIIIIiIIIuIIjIIIuIn|III|~III|I~unIIIunI|IIn~IIIInI~IIIIIIIn:~.;;~°°°-nuIIIWu~I~IIIIIInH~*

56 E. C O N G R E S S S T . , S U I T E 1 3 0 7 C H I C A G O , I L L . , U . S. A .

V o l . V I I ~ M a r c h , 1 9 3 5 N o . 4

C o n t e n t s

F,,ur V e r s e s f r o m t h e H o l y (..)utah .............. : ............................. :--!-: ...... " . . - . -:. ." Tht" S a v i n g s of t h e M a s t e r . l ' r o p h e t M t t h a m m a . d ..... -.L..-~-:~ ....... ~::':~z-

- B~ Hazrat Mi~=a Glml, tm-.qhmad (:'l~h," Pr,uhls,',l--.: i . . "- . . Messiah and Mahd~l . " : . ~ "

.Xluha,,i,;,a,tl T h e Moiler] i : i 'r01)het=--:--:--- ........... ...,..::.4-~=z ...... ; ........... -::i" ..8 i " . B y Khan. Bahadur Abul Hashein Klian: ClWudhurx, M , M: :, ~ :

. t r t ! ~ r , i . - i : B,'.O,,; ',r Ch;v,qa.mt:.~:-~ ..~ ;:~i:": :i. /i -I 4

Tht" . . \ l a m a d i v v a New.~ Abrbad : .~ ..... L...~.:...~:.~..~.:.=~...:~:~..L...~L:.:_:..:.::.~.L:L 15 -- . - , - " . - . " : i : ~ - / ; /:: =:: -

l.-::tmic l : o r m u l a S : a l l d l '~xln 'essions- ; ....... ~...Z;.!. ......... :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: : " - " " " ' - " ' . - " ?= . ' ' ~ : : " ' : ' i O ' "

j - . 1 ~,mt.~ ttt Interest i n -Muhammad 's C'. - B y N i . a . q . ,

l , lam The U n i t y O f l{eligion~;...2 ..... : " B y Abdulla

I h-css Not ice .......... =:--::-:--.--:-;) ............... . . . . .

l ' - 'ducat ion in Turkey . . . - - - : ........... ..........

.\ral)i:t" Be fo i ' e I s lamL- ..... :.: ................... By. s,t~: M.~ ~

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T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E :3

-!Four Verse ,

s

Holy Quran

: • " : T r a n s l i t e r a t i o n

\Va man A h s a n u D t : e n a n Mi lnmim :\slama: . lahi \Va H u a Muhs inun . ( I V - 1 2 5 ) .

Innalladheeli a m a n o o \\~a-alnilusSaiihati lAthun{ ; \ j r t m (;hairu nmnlnun. ( X L ! - 7 ) " " • •

" \Va .I lmdur-Rahm;hfi L ladheena Y-amShuna. A l a l a rdhi Hawnan wa iza Khatal)ahttt|-ml.lahel,,tma,Oaht:-.',;alama. -INN.\:'=62) - . . : : - : i : . : •

\Val ladheena Yabilo~m-li l{al}l~ihim-sujiadau w a Oiyama . { ( X X \ - 6 . ) •

( i t " . . • Z \ V h o is 1)etter!in fai th ~l?han he w h o rest . ,neth hm~self unto (;od and is a w o r k e r ot r tgh teousness . . . . '.::- : "

Veri ly: t h o s e who 1)elieve and .do Kt)0d di~eds, fin" ttmm is reward eveHas t ing - , , -

' A n d the s e r v a n [ s . o f {he Beneficient God are. . those wlio Walk upon the e~trthin, humbleness a n d v~:hen t h e . ! g n o r a n t ad - dress them, they say, Peace. "

A n d they pass the n igh t p ro s t r a t i ng themselves be fo re their Lord and S.tanding (in p r aye r s ) , - -

4 " T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E

I . •

z..,.,L-.I c,..

Sayings o f t h e - M a s t e r

P r o p h e t . M u h a m m a d I .

Ibn Ahbas relates that once he was riding behind: the Holy Prophet. The Holy Prophet said to him. " M y boy I want to teach vou a few things. Always rememl)er (;o(1, He will re- member you ahvavs. I f y o u re| 'nemher God you will ahvavs find Him your heiper. \~"hen x'ou ask for anything, ask it of God. When you seek. for help, seek it of God~ Know for certain that if the whole world want to do x-otx.good, they cat_mot do it unless God wills it: if the whole world de te rmine ' to il~.jurey'ou, they shall n o t tic) So. unless God allows it. Be near God in .your dax:s of prosl)eritv, so that l i e may rememl)er w)u in yore- days of adversity. :\rid know-that the affliction .4ent lw (;'od cannol be avoided, and an affliction that He does not alh)w, can never. overtake you. Remember, God's help depends tlpOl3 Votlr own patience, even as perplexity is followed 1)3 complacency and ad- versity by lwpsperity." ( T 1 R M U D H I )

_ ]a ree r Ilm Abdul lah-repor ts that hc heard the. Holv lh-()phet say. "The man who is dewfid of hu.man syml)athy and meekness isdevoid of all virttles. 'r ( M U S L I M ) - -

A1)dullah re la tes- that the I-h4_v Prophet said. "The best Moslem is ~ he from WhoSe hands and tong-ue the *loslcms arc

r " ) ) ~aIe. ( B U K H A R I ) Abu Musa ;ep6rts that the Holy l)i-oplaet sakl, '.'Tlae good

and the bad conilmnions are like the i)erfumer and t h e black- smith. If :you sit by the perfumer, he will present you with the 1)erfum'e or a t least you: will-enjoy" the f r ag rance of his perfume: I f you sit lw the blacksmith, you are l iab le to burn your clothes or at least 'you will Suffer "from the odor of the smoke." ( B U K H A R I )

Abdullah Itm Onmr relates t h a t t h e Ho13~-Prophet was accustomed to pray', "O Goil, \\:lao has . the l 'ower to turn the hearts of men, tu rn .our -hea r t s toward obedience ~e Thee." ( M U S L I M ) -.

T H E M o s L E M S U N R I S E $

Al.Wasiyyat.,.The Will ,- . ( E x c e r p t ) . . ~

" B y :

• . " - H a z r a t . M i r z a G h u l a m A h m a d - • . . . . .

" " T h e P r o m i s e d . M e s s i a h a n d M a h d i ' . ~ ~ .

" . " ( 1 8 3 6 - 1 9 0 8 ) - - - -

: l t is of SUlwenm importance that with t rue love f o r h u ± I inanity and through sel-f-l,uritication, y0U sha re i n - t h e h 0 1 y

Slfil'it. F o r without the bob spirit, t rue righteousness cannot be attained. W i t h Complete mastery over vourp,~ssions, adopt fro-the attainment o f the Divine pleasure,~the path narrower thanwhich, there is no path.. Be not captivated by the enjoy- ments of this material life which separates you from God. In Order t o d o t h e D i v i n e will.: adopt the hard life, t he life o f renunciation and sacrifice. Pain, in which lies the pleasure of

• (;c,il is be t t e r than the lfleasure which causes His displeasure. Defeat in which lies the pleasure of God is better t h a n t h e vic- tory which incurs His wrath. Forsake the th ings t h e 10ve of which brings you nearer to the Wrath of God. I f you come to (;,,d with a pure and Clean heart, then-He Will come to help you from all sitles. No enemy Will h e able to do unto you any

• iml~m. Never can y:ou attain the pleasnre o f God unt i l for -Ills sake. you renounce all your pleasures :and enjoyments, your honor, property a n d life. and bear all adversities, which ~x-ilt brin~ before yotir eyes the spectacle of d e a t h . Bu t if you meet all difficulties in the path of God wi th a cahn resignation, then you(will be tak,.~n into His hoson~i l i k e a loving child and madeheirs to tlie-righteous who have gone bet'ore you, and the doors of all Divine blessings will be olmned unto you. But few are those who heed this. God has .spoken unto me that righteous ~ hess is a t r e e w h i c h must be planted in the heart. The water which gives nourishment tO the tree of righteousness wa te r s t:tae whole garden o f the spiritual life. Righteousness is a root withotit which everything withers. If it remains, everything remains. Of what avail are the empty boasts Of man which he makes with the words of his mouth tha t h e seeks God, but

i proves not his sincerity and faith by his actions. Hearken, I say unto you, the man is doomed who has a leaven of worldli-

i ness {vith his faith. Near is he to hell.all of whose intentions are not for God but some f o r God and some for this world.

6 T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E

I f there is a jot or tittle of worldl iuess . in your fa i th then all- your worship is in Vain. ] t is..":,atan that you follow in tllat case, andznot God. Nex:er hopq. t hen . for. Divine,heil~. You are worms of the eartl l i n / t ha , t Case and will pe r i sh like the worms in a s h o r t t i m e . ( ;o i lwi l l not be in you but will be pleased to destroy, :you., But if vou truly, b r ing a d e f i t h u p o n vourseh 'es t~hen ~'ou will become the mani fes ta t ions of God, for ]-Ie will he w i t h y o u . . B l e s s e d will be the house in w h i c h you will Iive. Blessil:lgs Of (;,~d will descend upon the walls of ' lhe house in which you will l ive: nay, even the city will be blessed in which such men live. -If y o u r life and you r death, your- severi ty and y o u r m i l d n e s s , nay, all y o u r movements be for the sake o~" God. ' and if. you t ry not your (;od in t imes of distress and calanaity, and se'ver n0t yore" connect:ions with Your Lord, r a the r make advaiacemeht u l l d e r all ch 'cumstances , then viiu- will t ru ly become a favor i te l~eople of God. Vou a re nlei-i just- as I am a man. ' .and the same God who is my God is y o u r (;od also, waste not lhe powers which G o d has g-iven unto ,v°u- I f you lean t o w a r d God wholly, I:declal"e u n t o You according to :the Divine will, i ha t y o u will become God's chosen people. Make y o u r hear t s the seat Of His Majes ty , and proclahn His . un i ty not only hy y o u r tongues, but a l so by your actions, s, that God a lS¢/may shower upon you His g race and mercy: Shun v e n g e a n c e a n d ill will m~d show sympa thy unto all man- kind. Adopt all l!ath s o f vir tue, for you k n o w not bv which path ~'ou will gain acceptance with God.

1 bear unto y o u the glad t idings tha t the field fi~r the at- t a inment of the nearness o f (iod is vacant:. "['here "is no rival

nat ions ot the e a r t h a r e 10St to contes t y o u in t h a t field. The ' : " . . . . in their love fo r ' t h i s mater ia l world. T h e y care n o t - a fig" for tha t with Which God is Pleased. For those Who si~lcerelv desire with all their hea r t and sotil to enter this gate; there is an unique opl~ortunity to shox(: their mer i t and find.special fax:0r wi th God[ "I'hiifl~ not t lmt God will suffer you to be destroyed. You are a seed of God ' s h a n d s which is sown in the earth. God has spoken tmto me that this seed will g r o w and hear. f ru i t s and will shoot i ts b r a n c h e s o n all sides, and svill become a m i g h t y tree. Blessed a re those who ha(,e fa i th in t h e w o r d s of God and f e a r not the i n te rmedia te trials. Fo r t r ials must come so that God may t r y you and sue who are t rue a n d who are false in th/fir Oath of alle~iance. H e . w h o stumbles at the tr ials will not d o the least h a r m to the Divine cause, hut his ill-

T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E 7

htck will take hiln.to the hell. B e t t e r would it be that he was n~t born. But.all theist who bear pati.ently till- t.he end. will

:::! !i :, ,! ! w,,rld. (;od lias Sl~okcn tmto me to convey unto lily followers the mcssa.~e that those whose faith i,s unmixed wi th the slight- cst tincture o f :worldli.ncss, hypocrisy and the weakness of the hc:trt and_whose faith does not fall--short o f a n y degree of ;,bcdiencc and sulmfission t o the Divine:will, are God's Chosen pci~i~lc. These are the peolfle w h o a r e t ruly sincere in the ~ight ,,f .{ ;od . . . . . .

l fearken unto me. Ve people! wha t is it that God desires .f-v~m? Only this, that voO must be entirely I-Iis and set n o t up ~t11V other (;0d with l liin. neither in heaven nor on theear th : ¢)ur .(;od is the (;c,d who is living: now as ]-fe was living in days ,,,one hy.. I-.Ie.speaks now as-He spoke before.- .He hears n o w

i a.~ I lc-hcard bef0re: I t is an unfotmded idea that H e h e a r s i now lint speaks not.- H e speaks flow a s H e hears. All His

~tttr~butes are eternal and everlasting. None of:iLhenI ever does , r ever will lie idle. I ]e is the ~mc. withOut any partner, who has neither son nor wife. -

T h e r e is none like Unto Him. He i s t h e one without a sec- ond. He is tlie possess0r0f the distinctive~.Divine, qual i t ieswith .which no one else i~ distinguished. H e iS intinite in His s t a t e , attrihutes and omnipotence . .Beinff far H e is n e a r , . a n d being near He is yet very f a r . . He can manifest Hinaself to the seers invisions. But I-Ie has no body, form o~ sh~tpe. H e . is above all things,:yet y0u.cannot say that there is ianvthing belo~,~; H im. l lc is on tlae throne in heaven. vet you Cafinot. say that H e is no! on the earth.- I Ie combines in I t imself all. the perfect a t - tributes:. Fie is the manifestat ion of all beauties a n d f o u n t a i n of all goodnesS. He is 0m.nipotent and the source of all grace and:unto Him return all things, the :King '0 f all kingdoms, in- linite in perfection, free from all defects , faults and frailties. Hc is .the one unto wla0m belongs, all worship in heaven a~ well as o n . t h e earth: Noth ing is impossible .with Him. All the souls and their_faculties and all the particles and their faculties are His creation. Wi thou t Him-noth ing can come into exis-

(Continued at bottom of Page 8).. . . . . . . . .

8 T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E

Muhammad, The Modem Prophet

~' B y

Khan Bahadur A b u l H a s h e m Khan C h o u d h u r y , M.A.

D e m o n o f Alcohol

(Continued from last issue) " ' "

The.lirst questioll I shouhi mention, is ~,ne i-elat- i n g i o H v g i e n e and Health. ] mean the question O( drink'." The questiim is perhaps as hid a s

Cain but in spite of the lapse of years it is: still goingstrong. Thee amomat of misery, the waste of wealth fi.hd labour which this demon of ~Alcohol has caused to the race are sta,,,,'ering and stupendous and defies ~dl calculation. The wars xy~hich have devastated the c o n t i n e n t s , the famines, tlie epidemics .whiCh have from time I0 time visited the earth, have not taken a heavier toll in life and wealth.and human misery t lmn this demon of drink. The advance of SCience has now'discovered the demon in its true dolour.' But still the race is unable to shake off its spel l . Vain has proved all p r o p a g a n d a . Pussy- , • " ° - ~ "

loot's millions, America s billions have alik'e proved unavail- ing. The g ian t still stalks t r iumlJha.nt-vet lan~l and sea and across the continents and Messrs~ Kellner and Co: still quote

tence. He mare . . . . . . . . lests-H unselt with. Has own powe!', might and signs. ItAs ohly through Him that wecan find Him. He ever manifests Hiumelf to the righteous and unfolds unto_them the wonde÷s of His power. He can be known 0lily through Hini. The path of righteousness can. be known only through Him. He sees withou't phvsicai eves,,He hears:withotrt ph~ s~ical.'ears and speaks withouti)hvsical tongue. H e creates everything out of nothing. ,'ks you see in dreams and visions,. He creates a wdrld without matter and shows non-existant things as ex- isting. Such are the Wonders of His powers. Fool is he who denies the power of God. Such a man is blind and is ignorant of the deep Divine mysteries. He does and has the power to do.everything except what is contrary: to His own m0ral qual- ities or against His own promise, l:Ie is alone, in His person, in His a t t r i b t ~ ! s works, and in His omnipotence.

T H E M O S L E M . S [ I . N R I S E "" 9

fi~,m Shakespeare in their catalo~le. "Civilized men must drink. will drink and ought to drink, hut the drink must be

.~o.,1." Now thirteen hundred years ago in the arid land of ,\ralfia where men went continually thirsty and felt an un- qut, nchable craving to wet their throats, this teacher of the age gave hiln law, "You must go dr);," and men w e n t d r y . There was no need for gtmrtls or gunboats or the wastage of millions. The exper iment in America and its Stul)endous failure have conclusively established the 1)Urningnature of the pr0bli~m and

• the claim of this teacher tO be recog-nized as the teacher .of the agcl because h e has succeeded where all others have failed. "

Status of The next question which I wan~ to mention but ' W o m e n not without alcertain s e n s e o f pertubation is the

question of Status of \Vomen. • T, he world is in • a lix. Man"and woman who.. have so long b e e n companions

and mates are now going to he rivals ranged in Opposite 6amps. The/:i-v is for i nde l ) endence fo r women, and their perfect equalit)" With men. There is groxx;ing aversion on the part of womcn t 6 familv life anti to t h e r e a r i h g of children. The re- stilt c'ann0t but be Suicidal to the race. Now this teacher of the age Who was t h e first, t0 i.nculcate that xvomen were not cliattelff, . no r the handmaids Of the devil, that they belonged to the same gpecies a s m e n , - t h a t they .had specific, r ights in the

-faiifily and in the State, that the3, were entitled to possess l~roperties-in theii- Own right and to. exercise fiZee control over

. them.- tha t they were entitled to receive educat ion as much as men and to inherit l)rol)erties f rom their pal"ents and relatives, in fact that they had entities, separate f rom arid independent of their husl)an~Is, this same teacher ga,~;e his solution o f t h e pl~esentproblems in .the fol l0wing.words : "Men are natural protectors of women, being gif ted with the necessary aptitude for the worl< in a larger measure than womcn and because i t is their duty tt~ provide for the i r -wants and- to spend their wealth Upon:them: so good women are those who l i ve .unde r t!l c protection of men and w h e n t h e men-are absent from their homes, take care~with God's hel l) of. what is in their charge,

i . e. look a f t e r t h e household, t ra in l the children, keep watch over the morals o i the home and its surroundings, etc." In the

present age of novelties the ahove teaching may s e e m t o many to l)e naive and conam0nI)lace but its simplicity is itself an evi- tlence of its truth. T h e present movement for independence ~,n the part of women appears to m e to he something like the

1 0 T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E

disol)edience lnovement among ;i section of the y'oung 1hen of the country'; a re'volt a g,ffinst nattu-al authori ty and-l ike the latter is l)ound to lead to disaster.

W a r a n d ¥\n()ther l)roblenv which cilallenges I n t e r n a t i o n a l D e b t s solution m the l)resent age is . the

l)roblem Of w a r m i d international debts. Speaking On lhis snl)ject the "Sta tesnmn" in its leader. of the 13th June last wrote as folli)ws: "In the nineteentll century mankind or a large portion of it ix:as brought u 1) in the comfoi-tal)le belief thai: material prosperity w a s the sign of inward grace. The nineteenth century was also an a g e o f cock- sureness. Looking back on:the past t~fty. 5"ears we see now that everything was not as it seem&l. The ( ;reat W a r l)rought the. structtu:e of SUl)erficia! l)rOsl)el-ity- tund)ling to earth and ever since the world has been torn with conllictinv aims and ideals. The world at t he moment.is distracted and the warn.of leader- ship is recognized on all sides. - \ \ ' l i n t i s nee,,led is a spir i t of give and. take 1)etween individuals and llelWeen nalitms, and when this has 'been altained the worhl can look forward lo a degree of progl'ess and prosperi ty. i t has nex,;er known in the past." N o w .it is an admitted fact t h a i wars in the i)resent age have their origin'.more in ect)non|ic than' in political canses. In the words o f the.",c, tatesnmnv. "Nat ions seek io 1)c self- sufficient and raise Irade 1)arrier.~ againsl one :another, while there is lnutuallv desfructive Conflict l)elween Cal)ital and Ill- 1)0ur and unecononfic compeliti(m in in(111 strv ilsel f." . This Con- flict hetween capital a n d l a b o u r i s i n - f ac t the l)¢)is()n : tha t . i s permeating th.e<whole of the lSresent 6 rde r (-if ',hings. And this is what t he Holy Pr<ol)het has t() say im this questiim : . "'-"¢mt )I) giving or taking of int/erest. And ' i ' f vou would not stop, take it from God and 1 l is Prol)het that y~)U slml[ be afflicted-with wars. BUt take vt)ur l)rincil)~ls. And if your .debtor cannot pay the princil)al'all a t once. then .q!'ant h]nl t ime to Suit .his conditioll." This is !l()xx- he Would stop the race fi)r armaments and destrugtive Wars . F(n:-without interest l he re could beno

t r ' . . . . / - " - huge unproduct,,Ive natmnal del)ts and wi thout such dehts there cotild not possibly be any raceCam'aihilating war. " .

U n e q u a l D i s t r i b u t i o n Anothei: crying evil from which the . • . - ? , .

of We~tlth world has lieen suffering .,'~d which has- proved r o b e t h e cause of the i

naost serious discontent and revolt is the present unequal distri-

T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E 11

blltion of wealth. Socialism. C.onununism, Bolshexqsm are all attempted solutions of this pu)blem. Each one of these solu- ti,ns errs on the side of the extreme. In this case as every- where else, the Holv Prophet offers the golden mean, not by inwrdicting the acc~mmlation o f wealth but by imposing the ' • Zakat or poor rate and b.v promulgating an equitable law of inheritalace which divides t h e property; amonff the heirs and

id6es not permit its accumulation in a single hand . As i t is inevitable under the present s.vstem that the n u m b e r of the p ~ r must by fa r exceed that of the rich we have beenwitness- inff such phenomena in the world as: over-production in a coun- trx side by side x~'ith famine, a thing impossible in a. society wlth an equitable distril)ution of. wealth. And all the present measures for naticmal-economic restoration are-bound to meet witl~ failure like the much-boomed Prohil~ition Laws unless Ihev are based UlJCm the l)rinciples adumbrated 1)y this Great Teacher of humanity.

. . . - . - . .

"Federated ()no c~f ttae most .~lorious visions which has been Humanity" taulalizin ff the minds of men in the present age

- - is the vision of a Federated H u m a n i t y - s y m - bt~lizeil b y t h e L c a ~ u e o f Nations. ~ u c h a federation i s the n;ttural culminati~m of OUl- political institutions. And /d th0ugh at prcscnt the Leagtte has become.the laughing- stock :o£ the world, a mere ilastrumcnt-for selfish aggrandisement of the big- ffcr powers, vet the human heart feel. a natural yea rn ing for this cliildan~l longs to l~e.ep so s w e e t a thing alive. -This idea ~f huma11 federation found prac-tical expression .in t h e Holy l'rol)het's institutiol~S of the 'Khelafat ' and the 'Hai ' as sym- b,lisinK the idCit of Pan-Islam. In fact for a considerable period o f history. the World actually saw a demons t r a t i ono f this principle o f federation over proportionately qt i i teas large a. portion of the civilizcd xvt~rhl as is now covered t).v the LeaDle_ ~ f Nations . The lnbrit of the actual achievement might be ap- praised differently by different histo.rians and for this t h e r e - sponsil)ility lay x;;itla actual p e r f o r m e r s . . B u t t h e institution itself.owcd i t~0r igin t0 . the ~Zeriius Of the Holy Prophet and furnishes anot~ ' r proof 0f his ctainl to 1)e the teacher of the

a,~e.

Race H a t r e d and Another pr6blem, which is at present In to l e r ance . " " taxin~ the-.intelligence of. mankind, is

the problem of race-hatred and intoler-

12 T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E

ance. The pride of lhe White Race, the cry of Yellow Peril, the Anti-Semetic Movement, and Anti--\siatic immigration laws are manifestations of .the same s.pirit. Hunaanitv presents a house divided against i tself and there can be no peace and happiness to . the race un t i l this hatred and inti~lerance have been replaced by nmtual love and tmderstandin,.¢. : I n India the tyranny o f the cas te is another symptom of the same dis- ease. T h e Holy Prophet laid the axe at the root of the nmla~lv by preaching that all hunmn groul)s sprang originally from the same stock, that these fortuitous divisions of race implied-no innate gradation, that the only division which implied a dif- ference of merit was t'he division of religion and the difference of morals, that. even thed iv i s ion of religion should entail no mutual recriniination or animosity inasniuch as the different religions all originated from the same source and their found- ers formed one common Brotherhood, all equal objects of hu- man veneration and all Messengers from God to humanity, and that the true followers of them all formed one Commc~n Commtmity, that . there can be no cfmlpulsion in matters of re- ligious opinion, that the l~laces of worship of different religious communi t iesdeserved .equalprotec t ion . . .%uch a r e the princi-- ples which alone can serve as the basis of the new hunmn.fam- ily and can usher in the lonff~exliected millentaium and they have been practised and fotmd practicable over consideral)l]." periods of human history, "

Message of And the las t and. the most important point [ Sa lva t ion have to naention is that the H o l y P r o p h e t (May.

peace:and blessings of God be on him ) . a n s w e r s the great cry of the.htmmn heart, a cry -for salvation, a cry for light and dii-ection: I have already quoted a passage f roni the "Sta tesman" in which , the Editor says that the remedy .for the present-world distefiapers lies in a change of the human heart.

, ~ .

He goes on to add - "But the.dynanuc for change o f hear t is still to seek and can in the end be found in the hear t of ~i man wtio will change us, of .some world figures who will play the part that great religious teachers have played in t he past and at tract manckind without distinction and :race." Thus tflti- mately it is"the Cry for a leader, the c ry for a .teacher, which the human heart feels to be the need o f the hour. A n d like the memorable words of Srikrishna in the Holy Gita, the Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of God be on him) gives up: th"e happy message and the promise of the advent of such teachers

T H E . M O S L E M S U N R I S E 13

hc,m among his. fol lowers. . This message is contained in the very benediction which I repeated at the comnaencement of nay Sl!Ccch.

¢) Lord! Shower. Thv b l e s s i n ~ n Muhanunad and Ul~,n the followers of Muliammad e v e n a s Thou showered Thy blessings Upon A1)raham and upon the followers of Abraham; ~'crily Thou art the Possessor (if Praise and Glory.

Promise of. In the benediction .we inqoke the mercies and Fu l f i l lment the blessings of God upon the H01y Prophet • and

his followers just as they were showered upon .\lJ1:ahanl and his followers, eknd we know. f rom the Scr ip - tures both Christian :and Moslem that the great distinction enjoyed bv Abraham over all other personages mentioned in those books. ~(;as that he was the father of the prophets, or in . the words of the Holy (.)ui'an. the fa ther of the hnams. This is the distinction for . the bestowal of which we have been asked t~ pray to God a t a l l times o f the day and .night and strange it wouhl be if such a ln-ayer w e r e n e v e r to meet with fullilhnent. In another of his reported sayings the Holy l 'rophet nmde the l~rol~hecy that there Would appear from among his followers at the head of every century a reformer wlm -would-restore the true religion and xevive the drooping spirit of inch. This in o ther words is the pr0naise of fulfilhnent of the prophecy. In fact the benediction conveys to us a l,r,,mise of an tmceasing succession of those whose world fig-

S ~ urcs, tho. e :religious teachers who lu rmsh the dynamic for the necessary change of heart in nmnkind and in whom lies man- kin,l's only hope of Safety and salvation. N o r has the present aKc been-left without its testimony to the fulfilhnent of the pr,hnise.- Hazra t Mirza Gholam Ahmad, the blessed founder uf the Ahmadiyya Movement 'has in his own person borne wit- ncss to the fulfilhnent of the great rues.sage of the Holy. Proph- et (peace and blessing o f God be on him). H e has invited | | | ank indwi thou td i s t inc t ion of race-to the great feast of sal- vati0n.--His advent .has furnished another proof of the claim , i f the Holy Pr,~l,het Muhanmmd (peace and blessing of God bc on h i | n ) t o b e t h e prophet of the age. the teacher a n d t h e leader in whose following lies salvation and who taught man- ldnd to say" "

Peace be upon all the Prophets and all praise be to God, the Creator of-the \Vorlds. " " '

14 T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E

Prayer • . . • . . .

By

. O m a r C l e v e l a n d : . _ - - "

The diitv,of prayer is inculcated through0ut-the pages of . • the Quran, b.~: precep ! and example. In a restr icted ~ense, prayer is the.aCt of pe tmomng the creator for a favorl Furthermore, it is the breath-of spiritual life. the staff o f spiritual strength, the sceptre of power, and a mighty" c,mtroll ing f0rce in t h e dMne government.

Pray;er is an incmnbent duty and.a sacred trust, placed in our hands to employ- l)roperl.v~ a winged messene"~.~ ,.er __~n-A medi- ator linking earth and heaven, and ~i con fession of our weakness and wants fin" support and assistance. T h e depths of its p r o - funditv was attested when the philosophy o f Islam was inaug- e|'ated'bv the Holy- prophet.

The earth beneath us, and the elemenis around us, whose grandeur and vastness are bverpowering t o o u r faculties, teach us in. Kentle whispers, and in tones of thunder; our dependence, our mq~otence, our nothingnes,~ hefore Allah.

\Ve tremhle o n t h e verge of depths we cannot fathom; we falter amid ~ elements and forces we little comprehend. Beyond this boundary, the known is separated from the unknown-- the human from the divine. \Ve cannot penetrate ihe unfathom: ahle ahvss t~f the filtllre ~1-foresee with certainty the result of any un dertaldng.

Throughout 31oslem lands tim call to-prayer is given five times daily, i t smeasure is longer than the earth, broader than th'e ocean.-The teachings of nature, the lJromptings of intuition. the .vear/aings of the. soul. inslfire the faith.ful to give vent to iJrayel-"

\\.'ilia the ~ los lem; in ' ayer is an, intelligentl principle, an insl)iration and a:ruling l)assion. •Take awa~ prayer it:ore him and you have shut.out the light o f He a ven : you have i'ohbed . hin| of the shelJherd's cr,~ok and ti!}e lfilgrim's staff.

By l~ray'er, he is brought ilaiX4 the presence oi~ his Maker, and into the state of peacd. In.i ts very nattire it tends tO ele- ' rate, enlarge and direct his thoughts towards the noblest and

T H E b I O S L E M S U N R I S E 15

best ends. The grandeur ~f the subject lifts-hinl above him- sol f : to COmln-ehend the lnfilfite i n t h e finite.

It may well be doubted, whether any perso.n of mature age, w h , , has n o t at some time. when sorely tired, breathed the lang'uage (~f 1)rayer,-and c()nmmen(led his soul to. the L o r d of tlfc worlds.

\Vill p raye r 1)e answered ? Allah has spoken in His works and in His word. I Ie has written it in the soul of man as well as on the pages o f the Quran; that I Ie answers prayers.

Iii the Holy O tfran He. proclaims. " ' lMtty u n t o m c ; [ s h e l l ~ J

(IIIS'~¢'CI" y O l l . " " " . . " . '

• - . -

The Ahmadiyya News.Abroad '

• : . Q a d i a n ' - . '- " " i : . .

- . . - • _ . .

o u r L e a d e r , s l )ur ing t h e recent months, Hazra t Mirza Apeal . . . . Bashii':ud Din-Mahmood Alamad, -the present

tIead 0f tile : \hmadiyya -MOvement, Oadian, l 'unjab , India. delivered a series of most inspiring sermons, in w h i c h he set f0rth a new schel!le o f Witlenihg t h e scope of the Movement ' s / t l readv w~n'ld-wide activities.'for the i~ropaCa~ ti,n o f Islam. H e n l a d e m~vinff appeals to his fol lowers for making all sac vifices:fi)i- the .~f&tt cause Of Islam. which alone will solve the problems of the world anff bring it t he much needed peace and liappiness. H e touched Ul)On t h e minute de- tails of t he lives of the members o f - h i s Movemel)t. and de- m,andeil of them to ,~o so far as to curtai l , their food expenses

mad similar othev necessary expenditures, s,~ that by thus economizinff, they m a y make. sul)stantial contrihutions toward the fUnds:of the community for the working of the new scheme. This is in addition tO the r egu la r heavy sacritices which t h e members of the 3,1o~-cnient laave been ah'ead~, 7 making for the spread of the Faith. , . -

.qo unbotmded was the zeal and devotio11, disphtved in re- sponse to the call of the beloved leader., that fhe members Of the community not only- £ar exceeded in fidfilling the financial de- mand, but hundreds o f people vOlUnteered to be sent to any part of the world xvith t h e torch of the Truth. In short, the

blessed leader of the Movement has worked amOral revolution

16 T H E ' M O S L E M S U N R I S E I

by insp i~ ing his fi~llowers With a d y n a m i c Slfiril o f sacrif ice f~)r the s e rv i ce ()f I s lam.

O u r A n n u a l T h e a n n u a l g a t h e r i n g of. the A h m a( l i v v a G a t h e r i n g Mo~-ement was field as u sua l t)n t h e 26t'h.

2 7 t h and 28 th o'f December . : 193:t. at. Qad ian . P u n j a b . Ind i a , w i t h sp lend id suci3ess. • T h e f 0 1 h ) w i n g r e p 0 r t of. the ,.4ssocialcd Press will 1) e r e ad w i t h i n t e r e s t : -

"'The annual Gathering of the Afilfiadivvas ~pened hi3re tod~t.~, when some 15.000 people, from all parts of. India were present, in- cluding Chaudhri-Zafrul lah Khan. Chaudlari Muhammad l)in: Rev- enue Member. Jaipur State. Professor.Abdul Majid of Bhagall)ur and Seth Abdulla .Xlladin. The Gather ing was inaugurated by the Head.

o f the Ahmadi.vyas. Wli0 welcomed t h e delegates an d v~sitors, l i e : referred to the ra l f id growth of the-z \hmadiyya Movement from an insignificant beginning. '."

"'Large nmhbers of peol~le are here in connection with the annual: Gathering of the A h m a d i y y a s . Profess~a" Aslam 0f ,Government C~I-

lege. Lahore. del ivered an address on "God and Morals.'" -Before a htige audience and in a tense atmosph6re of exci tement tlie Head ~,f the Ahmadivvas strongly denounced the campaign of vilifiCation . f the Ahmadt~:va M o c e m e n t and its founder which: he said. would have createc[ r{ots, but fiJr the peaceful at t i tude o~ the Ahnmdiyyas . They wouhl not seek revenger He sai~l that the : \hmadivvas were accused ~f l~laspheming :the ]~rtq)het but. he declared, thev2[oved the ] ' r o p h e t a n d had chine more than any cme t~ spread his t~'achinffs in ]-ur0pe. : \merica and Africa. . The! r ~rganizat~tm Wits hascd . n right- eollSlleSs alld peace . . . . . .

"Some 20.0(X) peuple attended tlle third day ' s sessi .n of-the Ah- madivva Conference. a feature o f which was a striking athlres~ by Chau'd'hri Zafurllah Khaal on "Sucialism and the l:c~Jl~umic hleals ~f Islam." l-le criticised Mr: Gandhi's views tin small industries and surveyed the argument for and a~ainst the .capitalistic a n d socialistic systems of society and said.: "'l.~lam~-effects a ral~proachment, bet tween the two by" its teachings. The Islamic lax(- ~f inheritance, it, prohibitory injmiction against all interest, strikes and lock-out.s, its creation of arbitration courts to decide labor and capital disputes. its institution . f legal alms an(1 i)r(~vision against natural :calamiiies created a form uf s~,cietx: k~laich: met all-httman an'd ee~mumiC needs." ..\nother interesting address was given 1)v a former Ahma(livva ~lis- " s ionarv in \Vest . . \ f r ica . xvh~ described the ctmtliticm.~:tff i'it:e there and tile civilizing effect ~,f Islam. In his speech, t i le I-lead of the .-\hmadiyyas referred to the great nioral and spifii.ual, awakening ef- fected by the founder of . t i le-Ahnmdivva ,Xh~vement. The ohjeizt of the foun-ders" missi¢m was t~J promote 'aniicable relations among vari- ous communities, establish religion on a firm bas is , raise the sup- uressed-commtmities, br ing about a uni6n between E a s t and ~Ves t and gather all na t ions under Islam's banner .

t4 "~ "'A women's conference ~as hehl separately.

T. H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E 17

I s l a m i c F o r m u l a s a n d "... E x p r e s s i o n s _ .

1. La-ilafia illallaho 3 l u h a n m l a d u r l~asoolullah. T h e r e is non w o r t h y of worship but Allah and M U H A M -

M A D is His Prophet . . s

2. A s h h a d u alia ilaha i l lal lahu wahdaho l a - sha reeka lahoo • wa a shhadu a n n a M u h a n n n a d a n , a d b d o h u w a Raso01uh.

I bear witness that there is non W o r t h y of worship lint A l l a h - - O n e wi thout a p a r t n e r : antl i " b e a r w i t n e s s that M U H A ~ I M A D is His se rvant and Prophet .

3. Bismillah. s a i d heft)re eating, .drinkin~W-or starti~ag a n y t h i n g . ( I n

the N a m e of A l l a h ) .

~. Alhmnduli l lah. All l!~raise be longs to -Al lah . . - ( l n answer "~ . . . . t.) n o w are

r ~ P " " " 3 ou; a f t e r e a t i ng or d r ink ing and When yo u hea r some good news. ) :

; AssaIalno Ala ikum. -" ' : Said instead of good morn ing , goodbye, and s o forth.--~

. (Peace be. u n t o y o u : ) ~ i . : - : i "

~,. Va Ala ikunmssa lam. " . . . . : ' : \ n s w e r l t o above, ( A n d unto you Impeace . ) " "

7. Al la lm-Akbar . . " " To s ta r t p r a y e r s and call tO t, rayer . (God is M0st Grea t . )

,R Insha-Allah. ( .

Said while promis ing t o do a n y t h i n g . I f it be the will o f God.) :- . •

9. Jaza kumul lahul -khai ra . , • S a i d instead of " t h a n k y o u . " - ( M a y God g r a n t you good

r e w a r d for t h i s . ) . . . . . . .

llU Kassa ra l l ahu K h a i r a k u m . ' " =\nother phrase used -instead Of " t h a n k y o u . " ( M a y

Allah increase good things: f o r you. ) , . . . . . . . . . , . " . - , . ~ -

11,. Labbaik . . . . . , . , , • Said in reply to the call. ( H e r e I ani .)

12. Lahatf la wala quiwvata ilia billahil a l iyy i l azeem.- Said.(1) to express one's weakness ; (2) after yawning;

18 T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E

13. ̧

14.

(3) and to avoid lind influence. (The re is no power to shtm evil or at tain good but in A l l a h . t h e High , the ( ;reat. )

Sallallahu alaihi wasallam. S a i d w i t h the names of the M,'ister, Prol)het M U H A M -

M A D and all o t h e r Proi)hets. i ( M a y Allah shower His.l)lessings and peace upon him.)

Astaghfru l lah . - I ask forgiveness of God . . . . :.

"/ . . - . " " '

POints of:. Interes tIn MUhammad'sCareer

By

Nina A. Stauffer

ReliKion has been a vital factor in the lives o f all races and a potent .l'0¢ce in the construct ion ()f all civilizations. Sci- ence has discovered sonle f o r m of worship among even the nlost i)rimitive tribes of"l)eol)le. -As ia -has not only been the cradle of the W()rld's eai-liest knmvn civilizations, lint it has

• " p )" al_o tostered the three greates t religions of the modern World namely', Judaism, Chr is t ian i ty and Islam. . . "

Fr(ml age to age , God h a s sent His l)rol)hels among men, the first of whom w a s A d a m and Ille last Muhammad . . T o a number ()f the i)rol)hets, scriptures l]avel)een sent down l)y the hand of Gabriel, such as, t he Penta teuch to Moses, the Psalter to .Davi(I, the (;()sl)el o f Jesus, and o.ther books to other l)rol)h- el s, eacl] for his own l)eol)le, and lastly, the (1)nran, to 31u- hammad. - "

M u h a m m a d brought h i s message to -the Aral)ian~ (vhen the country was steeped in vice and lawlessness. He was stoned, maligned and forced to flee fi)r his life. vet .he never fal ter01 in his l)urpose. Dur ing his Hfetime, many of his ene- mies and his scoffing countrymen, u rged-h im to. l)erform some miracle, ()r to .g ra t i fy -h i s unbel ieving generat ion With a sign, lint he declared that his g r ea t e s t sign and his greates t miracle was the Quran. . _ -.

Many of his critics m a i n t a i n e d that the Ouran was not:. an insI)ired book, lint that M u h a m m a d had wri t ten i t -dur ing

the time that he was. fastin~ and praying in seclusion, but ac- cordingto the Moslem belief, it is a literally inspired book of God. "

Ho'~ve.ver, the Arabian pl-ol)het continued, to obtain .fol- li)wers, wherever lie spread his message~ Sometimes it was necessary for him to t a k e u p the.sword in order to protect him-. self from his enemies, yet he Continued to purge Arabia, both morally and. spiritually in accordance with the teachings Of the Ouran. He abolished drinking and gambling, for the true 3Ioslems a r e foH)idden tO in;lulge in such pernicious vices.

Muhammad was Often suhjected to severe criticism, be- cause he had no group of ascetics similar to that of the Chris- tian monks, but he constantly asserted that the ~Ioslem life was the married life and that "the Ouran did n0t Sanction a life of celibacy. ExceI)t during the month o f Ramadhan, h e also frobade continuous fasting~, which- causes the liod~," to deterio- rate for he mainta ined. that one could do God ' s 'w0rk better if he were i n g o o d heal th.

His greatest Single work, perhaps, 7,vas-the elevation of Womanhoodl \Vomen were little better than slaves before the advent-o£ Muhammad. Thev could be sold. traded, oz{ beaten at will. The)' were no t pern]itted to owli property or to raise their voices in protest t o thei-r master, but the prophet gave

" them a new life and a new freedom. Popular conceptions in the \x, e. t about the Moslem wom-

en. are absolutely baseless, for ' instance' that Muhaminad taught or tha t Moslems believe that Women hai'e no souls, or that there are no women in Paradise. In the Ouran. n o d i s - tinction is made between the religious obligations which are incumbent upon women and those prescribed for men.

It l nus t be remembered that the laws which Muhammad made for the women were not only far in :adVance o f the rights which the Western women enjoyed during the same period of hist0r), but a tl~orongh an¢!~ unl~iased contrast reveals that the rights of the Moslemlwomen a r e ii~ ad;,ance o f those enjoyed by the modern western-women, -

.The prophet gave the women the right Of inheritance, the r ight to enjoy the pilgrimage to Mecca, and:he urged wom- en as well as men to study the religious scieiaces, and there have been many women who have:not only been km0wri f o r their great kno~vledge of the branches of {he Moslem science, but their s ignatures were aetuall_x; sought on the diplomas of some of the best known scholars.

j , .

20 T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E

Islam.-The Unity of Religions By

A b d u l l a h E e s a •

"Say. 0 ~'e peoph" o f lhe scriplur(', come 10 an a.qreement 1,etz~,eeti, us amt you that w e shall ~z~,orslHp none but ./Hlah: (God) and.~¢~e shall ascribe no.partni'r tllllO Him alld IlOllt" o f ItS shall httec others fo r Lords besides Al lah; attd ~f they lm'u away. thau say. beaJ" .~ wi tness that zc,e htt~,¢ ]rltb/llill cd oul~¢clz,es mi I0 IIim.'"

, ( A l - O u r a n : III . 6 4 )

ThroughOut the last thirteen, centuries, l s lam alad its Holy- Book. the Ho lv :0u ran . the last Divine code of law to come ° ~

from God to. ] l i s creatures, thi:ough. 1 lis best of servants, Mu- hammad. (may, the peace and blessings , f ?d lah be Ul)Ol-i him), the last law:bear ing messenger to hmuani tv , has con t i nued to br ing ha rmony and solutions to all l~r~tbleing, both Slfiritual and tempo~'al. Such beauty in t ru th and reason, as is found in the verse w e h a v e just quoted, remains dn-numer0us otlier verses in th6 sacr6ffBook, w h ich i s the guidance fin- those who retlect. "Unti l the end of daVslthis Book wil.1 serve human- i t v : " is a promise that Our Lt)i;c[.has made in t h e Book tO all mankind.

h i this modern day. men lmve determined the i~mce seem- ingly indeterminable: The~) have made'ma.,,mificent progress toward " .i, : z. ~ "" - sclentfl~c and art ist ic per fect i0n. .and have continuail.v reached toward the lfighest pinnat~le of achievenients. Dur" ing this a rduous journey 0 f men f rom savagery t~ light and civilization, the interdependence and inter-relation t~f the vari- ous races and l~eoples have become moi:e and mcn-e pronounced. I t has been realized with ~l'ull force that according to a Divine plan t h e whole humani ty , in spite of different customs, tradi- lions and insti tutions, is bound tggether in a common b o n d b v a commtmity of interests. -The .unity of all men have-come to. the fore-front . "

As the uni ty of men-has been realized in other reahns of- human activities, so also, a c ry ing need h a s b e e n felt for a uni- fying force in religion, "

Goal. W h o has graced man with the intelligence he p o s - sesses, has also completed for him his religion and has sent Is: lain for his highest intellectual and Spir i tualdevelopment .

T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E 2!

It is in.this age when each people is saying that its respec- tive religion is superior to every other religion and is "the only true religion", the l)ronlised Messiall and Mahdi the prophet Abroad ( the exl)ectedmessenger of all nations) has al)I)eared on the horizon and struck the note of peace and unity in re, li,,,i-n. He set forth the golden l)rinciples of the Quran, which, if f()llowed, brinks about harmony 1)etween all religions. He has eml)hasized t h a t each religion has originally come f r o m {;,)(1 to each nation of l)eol)le at. different periods of time: The rcli,e,ions came from God:with t h e n a m e of peace : : It was man who gave his respective religions the names of Hinduism, Bud-

'hisnl, Judaism, Chr is t ian i ty .Zoras t r ian is In , etc. S .od ive r se . di(1 each of these teachings stray from their original state, a regeneration was-needed in e a c h . . A t t h i s stage, Islam, which means.l)eace, the htst of-the great religmns, came-on the scene, combining ill itself. . all the original teachings of the. various faiths. - "

-It should be .noted- that the Q u r a m instead o f rejecting, verifies andconf i rms all that was t ruth before it. It heralds lhc m e s s a g e o f peace when i t says "O l)eople of - the scrip- ture ' : (which refers 16 the followers of Bibles other than the .{)re'an) come to .an agi:eement 1)etween :us and you that we

• h " shall Worship none lmt Alia . An unbiased response to the al)()ve- invitation, wouhl lead- the-. representatives, of various faiths to the common religion of all the l)rophel~s, nmnely res ig -

:nation un.to and .worsh ip of the one true God. And peace .'W(,I)RI reign, supreme. " - - -

Press Notice - . T

THE MICHIGAN CITY N E W S faith~ often wrongly ca l led Moham- ' A u g u s t 9, 1934 medanism. ' Sunday eT.~ning at the Asar

CURl:. O F F E R E D WORLD'S ILLS E'i Jadeed temI , ii~ he ~vill Speak 0n a l'Y KORAN, SAVS MISSIONARY general theme pertaining to the-move-

Visiting tslamm Envoy Expla ins 1 e - ment he represents, which seeks to es- ligion aml I t s Solution for tablish peace ' thronghout the. world.

Econonilc Problems . . . In his interview 'with Tile:News, he went on to say that "These dictates are :

• "Had t h e United States been living tha t a , man leave h is pr6perfy to all his trader file economic dictates o f the ! s . relations: that all surl)lus moneys are lamit5 religion, the depression wouldn;t : subject to a,2t/_, p e r cent tax; that no have occurred." interest nmy be charged on loaned

Such is tlw firm belief of Sufi Mutnir money; and that gains and losses are Rahman Bengalee. M. A: , missionar.v t,) I)e d ivided-equal ly between cap- irum India to the United States for his ital and. labor, -Under this System the

2 2 T H E M O S L E M . " S U N R I S E

M,dlaumlcdans fuuc t ion t -d su:(~;~thl): f rom the 7th to tile 15th ccnturit-s.

A few of the specific pecifl iari t ies of Is lam a re ; l iberat ion of women, abso- lute veto on all in tox icants , worh l peace, the solut ion of worh l : problems. and t h e f u r n i s h i n g of h u m a n i t y w i t h t h e noblest prac t ica l ethics..

Sufi l ]engalee m a i n t a i n s t h a t I s l am is t h e solut ion of o ther w0rhl prohlenls . by showing t h a t it does away-:wi th the race and color p re jud ice that forbids men oi" d i f ferent Colors f rom w o r s h i p -

Sufi B c n g a h ' e ' s exp lana t ion of the different sects that ex i s t s i s -qu i t e in- t e res t ing , t i e says that " 'when God saw - the people were corrupti! lg the t rue r t - -

ligion, He sent a new pi'ophet to bring religioil hack to i t s or ig ina l and pris- t ine pur i ty ."

T h a t . t h e Bible is a . m a n - m a d e d o c u -

ment whe r e a s tile K o r a n is mot:e cor- rectly a Script:ural work. is the b e l i e f of the Ind i a n s p e a k e r : - " I t fo, Jk centur ies

- f o r t h e llible: to a s s u m e its present form. I t was not wrh ten , down r!ght

lfing God -ill. God 's temple. It t.x- away. so tha t i t . s h o w s both iuterpola-

l ,ouuds, tha t in tegr i ty , righteousne-~s. and ahi l i ty a re t h e - o n l y ¢lualificati0us /or d is t inct ion. . . .

The reli,,ziuus problem is . a t t acked from a different x~iewl, oint. he- s a y s I s l am requ i res i t s fo l lowers to accept- t h e founde r s of all f a i t h s . while they adhe re to the lwincipk-s t h a t e a c h . w a s t ry ing to lay down. all Of which come from God and thus have a has ic tinity.

He p r o p o u n d s a theory tha t a l e a r n 9 of na t ions h a s e d upon . the . pr inciples

t ion and tile resul t of severa l )'ears" wa i t ing before recording . T h e Koran

l i n e s , to the c o n t r a r y , were immedia te - ly g iven to scr ibes who had to ulemorlze as well a s Write down every th ing just as fas t as M o l m m m e d rcceived it from- God|" "

• : T h e t . l n b of J e s n s i s - c o n s i d e r e d bY the : \ h m a d i y y a .Moventent ill I s l am ~o

. lie ill Srhla~'ar.. Caslimere~ India. This is t he swo, m .theory of the crucitixion .

of .Jesus . Act'orilin.~ t6 t h i s theory

of t i l e KoratL wouhl abqflish, war . .Misinformat ion is the cause of tile

ha t red of t h e M o h a n m l e d a n s in this country , believes Stiff Bcnga lee I Ie finds tha t w h c r e e v e r I have been able to p r e s e n t a trtle p ic ture of the re- ligloo, I have found the people very resl}onsive." " ' -- . • -

"If J e s u s were to come today to ex - plahl his doc t r ines ; h e would he c ruc i - fied tills t ime by tile :Chr i s t i ans . who have s t r ayed far a w a y by the i r : man.- mdde creeds." d e c l a r e s the miss ionary , . T h e n he adds a s t r i k ing s t a t e m e n t tha t " 'Jesus was a M o b anunedan . Firs t . be , cause lie said ill his lec tnres a n d on I the c ross tha t l i e -w6uld do the will Of God. The n a m e Is iani i tself m e a n s r e s - igna t lon to the Div ine ~'ill. While t h e K o r a n s ays tha t illall mus t live in eou- fortui ty to God"s will. Secondly, J e s u s showed his belie'f in~one God bY say.ing ' H e a r O Israel . the Lord t h y God, the Lord is One" A n d I s l a m teaches tha t 'None is w o r t h y of worsh ip bu t Al lah ' . "

• " 'Jesus ,li~l m,ti div cm tile cross . He was t aken down ali~'e but in .a s ta te of

" IlnCOllSCiOUSlleSS. Bl6od c a n l l o t COalP

. f rom a W.an's side if h e . i s dead , hut when a sword was s t ruck in. Jesus. 'lflood .an d wate r c ame out,~" t;Ie goes ,,11 t o s a y t h a t . t ' A s t a r . u l c a m e u p after .]('SUS w a s t aken down so tha t e~,ery,me tlcd. I t i s cl¢~sest frieuds- took him to the sel ,ulchre; hut. removed hhn in t he . . dt 'ad of the n igh t to the house of a fol- lower w h e r e - m e d i c h l e s •were admin i s - . f e t ed , so. tha t J e sus . was res tored to heal th. "2X_fter~h e got well . h e made a tt~ip ill d i sgu i se to the city where he w a s buried.-, a t t he ripe age Of 120

• . , ¢

3 e a r s . - -.

T h i s Ahmadiyy,.a m o v e m e n t rcprc- ~~'lted by Stiff 13en~alee .in his doc-

_ t r ines, w a s founded by Hazt ' a t Abmed,: the P romi s e d M e s s i a h and M'ahtJi. Its oflickd s p o k e s m a n in the Uni ted States is ".The M o s l e m Sunr i se . " a quar te r ly publ ica t ion of Which t h e M i c h i g a n C i t Y v is i tor is editor.

T H E : M O S L E M S U N R I S E - 2 3

Education in Turkey I l l i te racyis b.eing combated bv the Kemalist government.

..\ccording to the :irast census, in 1926, only; 10 per cent of the Turkish polmlation was able to read. It is estimated ,that, at present, about half of the population .is literate.-

Aside from-n0nnal school activity, progress chiefly i s d u e m the.work of Adults~ eveninK schools..xvt~ich, were Organized when {he Latin.script was in t roduced four years ago. Educa- lic,n in the a rmy, where the yomag recruit is acquainted in- a course of t l i r e em on ths .w i th t-eading,xvrltin.v and arithmetic. also has done m u c h t o diminish : ! l i t e r acy . . .

Pr imary education is ol~liga/ory.:. .Ac¢0rding to official 7 sla.li}tics the nund)er 0 f p r i m a r y scho01s in 1932 was 6,353,

• ~ with, 13.821 teachers. 318.964 m=]le and i74:832 female Impils~ The government:is rapidly fil!ing thegaps , and n i a n y a Turkisli village schoolcompares qui tewel l With Similar institutions in -\ves tern-cotmtries.. Great stress is being laid in a l l schools

: t,n phvsiCal Culture Rn- b0vs and gir ls a l ike. - -. • . = . ' - " . . . , " "

" " " " " " : " • " " " i ' " . " - ¢ 1 " l'Mucation is free of Cliar.qe and exen m .,,overnlnent I)oard- ink schools 11"O fee for the maintenance is made. The Ghazi S ch.ol, the lsmet Pasha .Institute of Domestic Sciences, the Gm!inercial High. School, the' Academy- of Music in Ankara. with their siJlendiil equilmlent and-their highly qualified Staff of teachers, hlrnish proof of the i ambitious program the (;hazi 'S-govenlment iS carrying ou t !n the ael,t ,,f education.

" * " B . Internal reforms o.f H , k m e t ev,-energet ic-Minister of .l'ducation, leave no dofll)tdhat ii is not the facade only which is being changed: t l e h a s r u t h l e s s l y dismissed more than lhi-rtv progressors of lstanbul Univers i ty as not corresponding to modern standards of science. . ' . . - ..

Most Of theni have 1seen replaced, temporarih, bY foreign scientists: O t h e r . e x p e r t s h a v e been:inVited from a b r o a d to

.- seri, e i n high and secondary: schools.

- - T h e United Press.

24 T H E M O S L E M - s U N R I S E

Arabia Before. Islam • . B . y

SUfi M. R. Bengalee

Arabia is a land of matchless charm. H e r trackless des- erts with sand dunes and mirages in the daizling: rays of the tropical sun aiid her starry, azure sky. with all its subli'mitV, and splendor, have fronl time immemorial excited the imag'ilaation and fancy o f poets,: mystics a n d t~:avelers. This is the country. where.was born the founder of the faith 0f Islam. Muhamma~[. who was destined to mate÷tally: shape:the history of the worhl.

. • . . :

The Name . \uthori t ies differ concerning the derivation t;f A R A B I A the name Aralfia. Some h0hl t h a t the Wor, l

.:\rab is originallyr ; \ R B A l l . which means, in Semitic languages, desert. As the major p0rtion of the coun- try- consists of 'deserts, it is called : \ t ab ol- Arabia.

Others maintain that the word ,.\ralJ means eloquent. The Arabian people pride themselves on the super ior i ty and par excellence of their langua,qe and so named their country "Arab"; in order to distinffuish themselves from the rest o f the ~vorld which they re~zarded as far in fe r ior to them in-thi.4 re- spect and called-all others Y;\l-ajam"?-T.1ie DumlJ.

i

T H E A N C I E N T The Arabs have been ethnoh~gicallv di- RACES ' vided into three classes:

Fi rs t ,~the primitive Arab tribes such as . \d. Thamud, Tasm, and Jadis. \Ve.possess but scant knowl- e~lge concerning them.. T h i s much, however, is c ertain,ilhal riley" attained a degree o f civilization and dex;cloped ~certain ~w- ( p ° . . * - . : ; . . .~ • . .

.~amzed states m a n earh: perlod, ol alltlqtnlv. But IonK l)etorc the.era of Islam. they had fallen into dec;'tv and destructiCm. They" are known as ~.k'ral) Baida or the Ancient : \rabs.

Second. the race which comprises i fie tribes i~f Banu Oahtan or the ch i ld ren0f Qahtan-. The original home of these peol?le was Yel)lan, whence they spread fo;'th to Hedjaz and varmus parts of Arabia. l.:ong, before the birth o f Christ, they had tlourished and developed a h igh form of: civilization. Glowingaccounts are recorded of their wealth and magni!i-

T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E 25

ccnce. Some ()f their tribes survived (h)wn t() the earh" period ,,i Islam. The;," are called Arabul Ariba the original phre

: .\ rabs. |

Third. thci)osterit): of Ishmael. whose h i s t o r y we will l,rcseni.ly t race . "Flier are .~)metimes called Adnani as they wcre the descendants '()f IShmael through A(lnan, They arc (h:signated its Aral)ul .~[ustaril)ah ~w t h e foreigners, because l~hmael came from outside ()f Aral)ia. Thus. tile : \ral)s l)ehmg t(, )fie family ()f nations kn~)wn its the Semitic races.

- - . .

The C I T I Z E N S T h e eminent hist(,rian, llm Khahhm. ~li- A n d T h e vidcd all mankind into tw( )c l a s se s

N O M A D S Hazar a n d Bedu - - t h e citizens and the Nomads. This is l)articularly true a l )ou t

lltc Arabs. Since the dawn o fmanki i ld the Arabs rel)resented Hlcsc two divisions, T h e (lwellers ()f the cities ad()l)ted settled m()de of life and (levei()l)e(I agriculture a n d c 0 m m e r c e . T h e Ik:(t()uin have lived in tents in the open Sl)ace i)f b road deser,ts. They Have l)een wandering fi'()m One l)lacc to another with Hleir heMs and lt()cks, in endless caravans. The Siml)licity of life, imrity of language, courage and ~var-like spirit, and a loyal devotion to family are their chief charaCreristics.

. - . , - . . , , . :

MECCA The l)icturesflue city ()f Mecca. which is regarded as the most holy cit'v in the woi'l(J of Islam, is sit-

ualed st)me rift)' miles fron{ the 'shores ()if the Red S e a . It en- j()vs the l)roti(l distinction ()f being the bir{hl)lace of the g r e a t pr()l)liet. Muhammad. In :~lecca. stands the (:ele!)ratedTeml)le 1,2aaba.

ABR2AttAM The Patr iarch. Al)raham. is the ral lying l)oint ()i~ t h e three great world religions,, namely,

,Judaism, Christianity. and Islam.: T h e Moslems designate him with the venerable t i t l e o f " the father tff the l)rollhets"

,od . The Holy Quran honors him l)y call- and "the friend of-(" " ing him the f a t h e r o f t h e A r a b s and o f M u h a m m a d , who ac- c()rding t(i this l lolv B0ok. was raised for.;tlie regeneration ;.ttid Completion Of II~e faith of Abraham. VThe religion of thv fl~lhCr Abrahdm."who q(rr'c vmt the nante Mu.ylims- I,eforc.;'

. . . * . - °

{XXII-78) .

• In the following paragraphs, it will be our endeavor to sketch a brief outline of Abraham., Ismael, and their posteri ty.

= ~

2 6 T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E

sci far as they are related t- life sullject ~,f the lwe:ent dis- C l l S S i o I ] . /

A B R A H A M :\l~ratlam had two wives, ~ a r a h and ISHMAEL, SAnd ]-]agar ( [la;iirah ). I~;hmael was the first

I - IAGAR chihl (if '~-\brahalnI |iv. Ha.~-ar. mid ~arah gave l ) h ' t h t . Isaac. I shma0l was vet in

his tender years wllen s¢,metllin~ l:~l-.llq~ted ."4arah t0 ask her husband to cast ~Jtit l t a g a r with her son. A l~ raham felt ex- tremely • 'Tievg~l over such an tmpleasant demand: -But the c6ice ~f (;-d :spoke "']Lt'/ [1 11ol I~i" y/t'it"Z'otts [n tII.v ,¢iHhl ill t i l l / h a l ,S'¢lI'llh s a i d Itll/O /bet ' . ht'tlt'kt"ll illl/O hi'i" %'oii'o." iGell. X X r - I ? ) " "

In fulfilhlle'nt o f t h i s divine command.~.\l irallam left his wife H a g a r " ( H a j i r a h ) and their son Ishmael ( I s n m i i ) a t the barren tracl o f land kn~wn as .Bekka or M{:cca.. The pathetic del~arture of Al)raham aftei" he had lir0ug-h t tl-lem to the wihler- hess has been discribed thus" " H a g a r asked A b r a h a m (vhv he was leaving them ahme in that sterile valley wi thh i l t little food. .";he repeated t he sanie qUcb;tion scveraI'tinles. At lasl. she inquired. 'Are v .u d~,inff this at the eonllnand of (led?' :\ l irahanl <qnswered"in the al'firnlative. "['heietlllfm. l-Ia~ai- 7aid that in that case. (led would,not s-titTer-thein to lii~i'ish. Then lie went awa{-, add s t a n d i n f f till a hHhlck, w h e l : e hc , c0 t l l d not lie seen by_ l laffar, he tu rned his f ace the l'~aaba, lifte~l his hantls and pl=ay'ed in the foll~lwinff words: 'O L o r d l ]ltt~,t "

- . . - * • ° . I t ~ . . ' . . y

s t i l l ed sonic o] InV ol/s[~l~ttlrl near 7hl, ,~'at't't'd hens!'. (Jm" L o r d , / h a l Ihe~v nitly t,;¢lttl~lish /u-aycr. so i t l c l i l l c /he b e t e l s of men 1o yearn /bWal'd Ihcm and/~l'Oc'[d~:.lht, ll~ ~¢,ilh f rn i /x . /hat /hey ma:v be l/lanl,/It l. (Sura X l l I - a / )

The Well Afte r the d e p a r l u r e of the:l>atriarl~h. Ishmael ZEM ZEM was gripped with a ilreadful thirst. I-Ia~ar l ie:

ffan to riln frantically to and fro between the two hills of ~afa and 3Iai'wa in seal'-oh, of Wateir~ Tortured fly the agony ill thirst , the :little ll¢lx- begari to cry aml kick the .qrotmd in his Childish passion. Lo and llehohl; a streanl fir transparent and sxx'eet Water .e,ushed f o r t h frtllli beneath h i s : .- feet with the rhythmical bul)liliuK sound Zeln, Zem, Zem~ Thus originated the {amous sacred well o f Z e l l l Z e l n . - :

Building O£ .,ks has l~een said before. Mecca.:is the ci.t,;" The KAABA where Stands the sacred sanctuarv Kaah~.

in which lies the wondrous Black S't'one. This l

- T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E 27

~ L I ~ " ~" famous Temple is regarded as the urst house" meant for the w()vshil) of one true G()(I. and for the unification of all man- kind. His tory fails to assign any. date when its original foun-

• dations were ' l a id , alth(mgh it ires existed since remote an- tiquity. Long. hefore Ahrahaln. the Teml)le had 1)een wiped om ,)f existence, only the site remaininK and-the spot was held ,'acted; Undei- a t]ivine , command . ; \b raham and Ishmael iointlv relmilt the K a a b a o n its .rig-inal site. which was shown io A1;raham 1)5 an ankle of God. Ttie H o l y Ouran relates the followinK prayer which Abrahaln. a n d isla11~ael o f fe red unto (;,,d on that momentous (~ccasion:

ABRAHAM'S ."() our Lord. itccept il f r o m us, ~,eJ;ilv 7"hon P R A Y E R arl llte ltearing, lhe Kno~c, ing, and make tts

oz}r Lord, rcsiqned ttnlO Tht;c. .4ud show tts , t tr z¢,aVs of ~c,orship rind turn nnto u sw i tb mercy, l-'erily Thoua f t the Compassionate; the Mi.rcifnl.

And rais?-up from amoti~l them. our Lord. a messenger h'mnttmoit¢l thcmsciz~i-~ wllo may recite unto th~m:7'hy Signs lind leach ihem thC'l~ook ami wisdom 6rid may pur i f v t lwm. ;,i.rilv Thou a.rt thc Migltl3'. /he lVt~'cY (11;128-130)

. °

The advent Of Muhanimad is believed b v the Moslems unanimously to be the fulfillment of ; \b raham s prayers.

. BLACK STONE Tradl t ion tel ls us that w h e n t h e walls o f t h e building were erected to a certain

height. Ahraham asked Ishmael t o b r i n g him a stone to be i,laced in one of the corners of the Temple. The stone was to mark the Start ing-point of the lfilgrim's circumambulation

• (Tawwaf ) of tht; Kaaha. Th i s is the celebrated Black .qtone Which is kissed b y the pilgrims. When overcrowding prevents access t0 it, a gesture is umtle toward it with the hand, which isldssed instead.

In short. A1)rafi,'un and Ishmael constructed the K a a b a ~ a r¢)ofless house made :of uncut stones measur ing thir ty-two yards in length, a i ad twenty- two yards and nine yards in breadth amlhe igh t reslieCtively. - "

PILGRIMAGE A f t e r the completion of t h e building God spoke unto Abraham: Clean. e and purify

.lly houscfor the pilgrims and for. those ~c, ho maY stay in it

- 2 8 T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E

for specific worship, and for lhosc who may bow and proslralc lhenlsN~,cs lwJorc ,41lab. and pi'Ochffm mtto thc pcople lltal they ma.v come to i~ for pil.qrima.qc. 1 ~crilv TIwv will come

'Io .v°tt on .t'~ml and on Ican camels comin,q from af~rr." (XXIi- 26, 27)

This divine command markecJ th e beginning o f the Kaaba : a s a religious center. .

~ R E C O N S T R U C T I O N S It mtlst nt~t be supposed that the" O f - T h e K,'ial)a Of today is the sanie as was KAABLA. lmilt i~y Aliraha'm and Ishmael. All

• thr~mgh, the affes, this "ancient house" tmderwent many repairs and reconstructions in which the different tribes wh¢; had the holaor of its custody- had their share, in their respective limes. Even during the era~of I slaul. it has been rclmilt more lhan once.

S A N C T I T Y ~ Sin cc the ancient times, lhe sanctity of the l(aaba has been iweserved dOWn to'otH" own

day. In pre-lslamic day, s; offerin~s were broug-lat t o t h e sanc- tuary- with extreme religious de('oti0n. T h e sancti tv-0f the Kaaba sanctified Mecca.' Haram. or the sacredterritt~rv miles around the oily. is regarded hallowed or inviolable . l:our | ~ . . . . nonths ~luring the year arc held sacre~l. During this periled all host i l i t iesare suspended and peace reigns supreme, so that the pil,.,1 mls ! epaw to the sacred territ(wv and perform pil.~rim~ a.~e without interference or molestation-

KISW'A The l(aab~t has lon~' been richly decorated with handsonle l)¢,~caded.hang-ings. \Ve are told that

Tubba .,\~a¢l, a king of Yemarl, dreamed that he was nloltntin~ curtains on the walls of the Temple. In order to literally r i d - ; fill his dream he covered the walls with a veil (Kiswa) of striped Yeman cloth:-. Tlie Calilflls substituted a .covering of figure0 brocade.

In these days, i.lae ,u,overnmelit of i~g.vpt, possesses the- honor of sendin.~: the curtain to the Kaaba. Every year. a new Kiswa of black brocade, adorned with the gol¢lel-i ].nscriptions of the 31oslem forimfla of tlae faith, as Well a s f r o m the (Quran. comes to be mounted On the walls of the I-loly .'qhrine.

Ch i ld ren O£ " T h e Kaaba and well of Zero Zero attracted Ishmael , A n d certain Semitic tribes who inhabited the

T h e P r o s p e r i t y • v : i l l ey o f Mecca.. Ishmael grew u p anlonff .

of Mecca them and married a daughter of their chief. The progeny-of lshmae! multiplied exceed-

T H E " M O S L E M S U N R I S E , 2 9

illgls and .spread /or th far and wide in.to distant parts of .-\ral)ia, as the harren va l leyof 51ecca could no longer support them. The Kaal)a had become a national rendezvous in.to which streams of pi lgrims poured from all quarters of Arabia. This raised 5Iecca into prominence as the center o f religion and i:,j~Hlierce and mbsta.ntiall.v c~mtributed to her prosl?erity and l'ame. : " "

. - - . . -

J U R H U M Jtlrhum -was the: first ~)f the trihes that were -And K h u i a a attracted 1)y the l',Taaba, and settled in 5lecca

: ~ - and in its viciiaitv. ~Iadhadh, son of Amr, w:~s a distin.~-uished chief of thai tribe. It was his daughter whc~nl Ishmael married. H e had twelve Sons by her. " Most ~ff the Arabs trace their pedigree to Kedar; Son of Ishmael. . \ f tcr his dear" h , Ishniael was succeeded by his son, Nabit, in the guardianship of the-sacred shrine. Upon the death of Nabit. the custody Of the Holy Temple passed into the. hands of I~is grandfather . M a d h a d h : Thus, the tribe of J urhuni be- c;~me t h e rulers o f the sacred territory, and t h e y c o n t i n u e d in that capacity f o r a long, long tin,q; tn~til the)' were overthrown l~v another tribe/, the Khujaa, an offshoot o-f Banu Oahtan. "lZhe Khujaa also lost their:power in turn, a n d the Custody of the. I(aaha again came to tlie rightf{fl owne r s - - t he descendants ~f Ishmael. who will now engage 0xir attention exclusively.

THE Q U R A Y S H ~ince the time Of ishmael, from genera--- tion to generation, his F)s ter i ty main-

lained respectable posit ions. But it was Oussaiyy. son of KilaL xvho ~von for them undying glory-and honor, il~le it was

S who wrested f rom the tribe o f Khujaa, his forefather s lo.t , 1)ut rightful heffem0n3 ~ of the san~:tuary of:Kaaba. After he became the master of l~hel "l'cmple and the town, the first step he t¢iok towards his great w¢~rk of 0rgauizati0n and adminis- tration was to bring together his tribe who -vere hitherto scat- tcred over a wide area, in the valley of. ~.tccca. t-ie g a t h e r e d his tribe: and se t t led then1 around : t h e shrine by allotting to each fainily a sI)ecificquarter. Thus he:substantially improved and enlarged the city~ Th i s earned l'or h im and his .tribe the honorable.title of tlae Quraysh the Congregator. II: was from this illustrious tribe that t h e great. ~\rabian prophet Muham- lnad sprung.

30 T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E

SOME 13el.ore we l)roceed with the story of this O B S E R V A T I O N S ,great adventurer Oussaiyy, we may pause

for a while for some short observations, . ' \uthorities differ as to who tirst assumed the title Ouraysh.i According to some. it was Nazr, son of Kinana . k~?hi~e others hold that Fihr, .son of Malik was the first to ad01)t this title. ,,,;till there is the third theory according to which it was Oussaiy 5" who tirst won the title o f Ouraysh. as we have al- readynoted .

Similarl;,'. various interl)r6tationS jmve heen given to {lie word Ouray'sh. ACcording to some authorities, the word Ouraysh is the name of a hig, tish. and Nazr . .son of: iZinanah or Fihr. son 'of Malik---r-the degcendants of Adnan. a great gre/~t : grandson of Ishmael. assumed,that title for their tr ihe in or(ler to siffnify their vast power and influence over others. Accord- mg to another interpr6tation~ t h e word Ouarvsh means the congregator and was ,, - ' " " gix en to Qussalyy, f o r the ' reasons sl(ated above.

/

Perverted western: writers have~ endeavore(l .to cast a.- shadow of &mht nl)on.the lineage of tim Ouary, sh io Ishmael: It is 1)evond the sc61)e ()f the present disc't'~ssion t o enter into any controversy upon this suhject'. F, uflice it to s ay fhat ac- cording to theauthenffc a n d tmanimous Arab history and tra-. ditions,-lhe Ouarysh is the direct and undisputed lineal tle- scendant o f Adnan. (;ene(ilogists have l)reserVed.the unbroken chain of the (.~..)uraysh h'om Mfihammad to A(lnail. Frol~l Ad-

s ,, of the minor links are mi.~sing. nan Io I, hmael, thou~-h some • it is an unquestioned-a~ld eslahlished fact that eXdnan is the

direct (lescendant ()f Ishmael ( V i d e Tabar i ) ,

QUSSAIYY \Ve Will now rettn'n to the relmted ctiieftain- Qussaiyy. He was horn ; t ro tmd398.A.D. His

name standg out- as a Shining" star ip the annals of the Children ()J. IsHmael. I lift sovereignly, pmrked- the beginnin.~ Of a nmv epoch for the (~)ilraysh. l le obtained SUl)reme power h y b r i n g - " mg vast changes in thc gov(Srnmen! of Mecca and.in the SUl)er- intendence of the sanctuary.

Proper ar rangements for {he SUl)l)ly of food and d r ink for the pilgrims (Ri fa(lah, and .'qiqaya); the keeping of the keys of the Kaaba and i t sde fense ( the Hi jabah) ; the bearing of the national s tandard (Liwa) , tim departments of the army and emhassy (Oiyadah a n d .'-;afar, a t ) , and the settlement 0f

• T H E M O S L E M S U N . R I S E 31

(lisl)utes relating-to blood money (Maghrinl) are among the m()st inq)ortant t-i;¢il and militarx: inStitutions-which he founded at those ear ly times.. I-Ie also built a H o u s e . o f :\sseml)ly (1)arun-Nadwa) where justice was administered antl affairs relating to common weal were discussed l)y the leading mere-

- 1)ers o f t h e tribe: I t .was a sort of- Parliament.

\Ve are told ll:mt this unlette.red son of the desert wielded such enormous influence and autlaoritv, that even after his death,his (wdinances Were he ldsac red and in¢;h)lal)le.

H A S H I M After the glorious l:eigil of (~nssaly'y', during the century before Islam, we find the-(._.)uraysh inun-

disl)ute( ] rulershi I) o]" Mecca and hereditary gautrdians of the Kaal)a. Hashim. the grandson of Oussaiyy. extended the

: l)~)wer and influence of the Qura.vs!l far and wide l)y- hi s nmlti- f:ir-ious works (if extraordinary ahilitv aud unbounded gener ~

- . . : . . . .

o s i t V.

ABDUL M U T T A L I B It,[Shim x:vas suetceded in all his civil , and sacerdotal digmities 1)v his son, .\l)dul Milttalil). who commands our especml attenti()n.

Re-Discovery F0r-a Iong,: long- time, the sacred well Zero Of The Wel l Zero Was filled.up and its.location was l o s t .

ZEM ZEM Abdul Mut t a i ib made • re-discoVery o f the - " fountain and. had i t d u g again. This was o f

il()i lneala importance to t h e A.rab, pilgrims anti considerably increased his influence and raised him in the esteem of his fel-

• h)w-citizens. ~ ' " , . . , . • "

Invasion Of A b r a h a .. During h is t ime, the fertile prownce A n d His - o f Yeman-was under l Abraha, the

Crushing Defeat ChriSt ian king 0f- Abyssinia. He • built a magnificent cathedral at Sana. the Capital of the .province, with the'avowed object of diverting tlae Arab pilgrims from the Sanctuary Kaaba, and thus gain c(mtrol over her trade: The Arabs "'re hic~hh' incensed a t ~,¥ e o . . . .

this. A man of the Banu lCaqa):m Stole in to the, church and defiled it. Fil led with-wrath Abraha-resolved to avengeupon

t h e Kaaba fpr the sacr i legeconmfi t ted in his church~ He marched aga ins t Mecca with a considerable arm3 ~, i n order to demoIish the Teml)le of Kaaba. He eneamped in a city in the vicinity of Mecca 'and CaptUred a herd of Abdul Muttaiib's • camels.

32 T H E • M O S L E M • S U N R I S E

-lt is related that the O n r a v S h - a t first e n d e a v o r e d to re- l)ulse the a t tack a s they re~:'trde(! the de fense of the Kaal)a as their sacred duty. Bui they s()(m li)st ! leart and sent a delmta- l ion to the Al)vssinian k ing t~n(ler the leat!ershi 1) ~) f the i r nol)le, Ahdul Muttal[h. H igh ly .p l ea sed wi th the m a n n e r and address ()f the (..)uraysh chief ta in . : \ h r a h a g r a n t e d him a lmon. "~ de. swe, said : \ l)dul , lu l t ahh : that the k ing shouhl r e tu rn to me my two hundre( l camel.< t h a t h a v e 1)een taken a w a y i-tom me."

.'-;truck w h h as~t0nishment, the king" said. " T h o u speakeSt t() me of t h e two h u n d r e d camels that I h a v e t a k e n f rom thee, vet thou savst not a word ()f the 1,7.aal)a which is the sanctuary (il thee anc-I t h v fa ihers and whicli l have come t() (lestrov.;' , . \ l ) (ht l 3luti'al(I) tel)lied: :in Ihe charac te r i s t i c tone of ihe Ouraysh . "l am the m a s t e r - o f the. camels. T h e Kaal)a h a s i t s own -Master \Vh() will de fend it."

o° ° " 6 ~ A1)raha. (trunl¢ :with lnulc , s a u l , . . l l v will not d)e able to de fend i t aga ins t me: . . . . . .

"Tha l r ema ins t,) 1)e seen ' .only give me back my: camels." H a v i n g recovered h.is camels, .Al)dul M u t t a l i l ) r e t r e a t e d

wi th the Quraysl l[ t0. a hilh)ck in. the neighl)orho()d of Mi~cca. l , u t 1 )e fo l -e h e left the city. h e w e n t to the K a a l ) a and ,~rasl)ing

• . ( ;od to de fend ihe r i n g : o f t h e door . earnes t ly l)raved un to " Ilis l lolv H o u s e . In the mean t ime , a ' v i r u l e n t pesti lence raged in the camp ()f ABra!m and u t te r ly des t rove( l t i l e - invad ing al-my, s() tha t 1)irds feasted on t he corpses, t e a r ing c)ff the flesh fi'()m them and cas t ing it ag'ainst the stones. T h e Holy O u r a n men- l ions this memc)rahle even t in the foll()Wing wor(is. "r

, l l ( t s l lliOu nol seen hOzc, l k y L o r d . dcalt. ~¢,ilh lht'-people. o f lhe e l e p h a m ? " . " -

: ' I) id l . l e n o l ] ] tl {l a' { ' /hc ir plol era/ i t t " 9" F / l l l l : " . :

"']-Ie s('/tt, a.qainxl t h e m Irosis o.l: l,irds lo p r e y u p o n (ht'm t ] ! . ) ) . . . , 'aslinq l lwm a.rlaitml m7 "a stones.

" 'And 1[(; made them liki': chaf f consumed. '" ( C h a p t e r \ . )

rrThe Year" O f T h e year o( tiffs, m o m e n t o u s exl~edition ()f. E L E P H A N T , - \ h r a ! m - a n ( I A f i s disgl!aceful de fea t is known

m hist()ry a s the yea r of t h e F, lel)hant, and the memorab l e o c c u r r e n c e i s . l m o w n . a s the event of the l)eOple- of the elel)'h'ant, a s there were ;t n t iml)erC)f :e le i )hants in the : i rmy of the Al)yssinian king.

(To 1)e Continued in the n0xt i.ssue which Will deal with Religious mid Social Conditiuns in" Aral)ia before Islam)

T H E M O S L E M S U N R I S E

C O M M E N T S A N D A P P R E C I A T I O N S - -~"

"The Moslem Sunrise, a. quarterly journal; edited by Sufi M u t i u r Rahman Bengallee. M. A., the Missionary of the Ahmadi3,ya Movement in Islam. is :m excellent organ o f t h e Moslem Cause in this country, Its aims and ideals are higl~ly spiritual, and it seeks to establish peace through the world. The jou~al is published in Chicago. Illinois." I)harma. the Organ o f the All-\VoHd Ghandi Felloxvship, New York City

" " - . . . . ~ 1 Our ~ood .friend from Indm Suti. Mutmr Kahn an Rengalee. Mis- si,marv to America from the :\hmadtyya Movement m Islam. has re- cently? started an: attractive.quarterly nmgazine ."The .Moslem Sunrise." wh.icil gives interesting interpretation of tile Moslem Faitli with i t s fine emphasis on prohibition, ' brotherhood, -peace and lmman progress . X, Ve gladly welcome the Sufi" and his magazine ."

World Fellowship of Faiths.Chicago. IlL

"The Moslem Shnrise, published by tile Al:nnadiy.~;a Movement in Islam. from 56 East Congress Street. Suite-1307. Chicago. Illinois, United: States of America. is under the able editorship o f Sufi M. R. Benffalee. M.. . \ . The title page i smos t fascinating. T h o u g h quarterl.v vet it has drawn attention of the American l~et,plc o f literary culture ~vlx-, it seems, are taking keen interest ahout all that appears in it. It fi reshadows a hr ighter future to guide aright the pec~ple of the Con~ tinent. All.praise belongs to Allah the Merciful."

The Review 'of ReligionsmQadian. Punjab. India. , • • • - .

"The sun of Islam will rise in the..~Vest"~said :the Holy Prophet of Arabia, .and il: has. It is devoted to the Cause 0f Islam, .in. diffusing" and disseminating "its lights and" beauties, in the West,: edited hv SUfi Mutiur Rahman Bengalee. M . A . published from America.

T H E A L - H E D : \ I T . B÷ahmanlmria, Til~perah. India.

• . j

"The Moslem Sunrise is doing wonderful service to the cause~of Islam and you nmst strain every nerve to issue i t quarterly. Let us.hope that it nmv soon be pi~ssihle to :ismte it every m o n t h . You nmy count on my constant support and sympathy in your noble and" glorious endeavor to'spread the l~ght of Islam throughout the great continen t of :\merica. May God bless you and y:our work with His special gi'ace."

Clmudhrv Zafarullah I,~han. Bar-at-l_.aw. Lahc:~re. India. the forn(er President of die All=India Mt~slem l.eague.

. . ' 0 • •

"Through the courtesy rff AIaulavi Baz!ur Rahnlan of Shi!long. ! have peruse¢i a few issues'of the Moslem Sunrise published in ..\merica. b(" Alaulank Sufi A{. R. Bengalee2 hi. A. . _ " "1 have been struck bY the erndite scholarshilX the intensely Islamic

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Sved. M. Saadt~fla, FinanCe Member, Gov' t of Assam.

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