Minerals Chapter 3. What is a Mineral? It is a solid It is a solid Has a crystalline structure Has a...
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Transcript of Minerals Chapter 3. What is a Mineral? It is a solid It is a solid Has a crystalline structure Has a...
What is a Mineral?What is a Mineral?
It is a solidIt is a solid Has a crystalline structureHas a crystalline structure It is inorganicIt is inorganic Formed in natureFormed in nature Has a definite chemical compositionHas a definite chemical composition
ElementsElements
Elements are pure substances that cannot be Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down by chemical meansbroken down by chemical means
117+ elements117+ elements
AtomAtom
Smallest part of an elementSmallest part of an element Building block of the elementBuilding block of the element All materials are made up of 1 or more All materials are made up of 1 or more
elementselements
CompoundsCompounds
Substance made up of two or more elements Substance made up of two or more elements that have chemically combined or bonded that have chemically combined or bonded togethertogether
Example: Sodium Chloride (NaCl)Example: Sodium Chloride (NaCl)– 1 atom of Na, 1 atom of Cl1 atom of Na, 1 atom of Cl– Table saltTable salt
Crystalline StructureCrystalline Structure
Solid geometric forms of minerals that Solid geometric forms of minerals that contain a repeating pattern of atomscontain a repeating pattern of atoms
Types of MineralsTypes of Minerals
SilicatesSilicates– Contains combination of Silicon (Si) and Contains combination of Silicon (Si) and
Oxygen (O)Oxygen (O) NonsilicatesNonsilicates
– Can contain Silicon or Oxygen but not both Can contain Silicon or Oxygen but not both togethertogether
SilicatesSilicates
Make up 90% of the minerals in the Earth’s Make up 90% of the minerals in the Earth’s crustcrust
Contain Silicon and Oxygen as well as Contain Silicon and Oxygen as well as other elementsother elements
Example: FeldsparExample: Feldspar– SI, O, Al, K, Na and CaSI, O, Al, K, Na and Ca
NonsilicatesNonsilicates
Native ElementsNative Elements– Composed of only one elementComposed of only one element
CarbonatesCarbonates– Carbon and OxygenCarbon and Oxygen– Calcite CaCO3Calcite CaCO3
HalidesHalides– Fluorine, chlorine, iodine or bromine combine Fluorine, chlorine, iodine or bromine combine
with Sodium, potassium or calciumwith Sodium, potassium or calcium