Minerals. A.What is a mineral? Mineral Characteristics shared by all minerals: 1. Natural –occurs...
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Transcript of Minerals. A.What is a mineral? Mineral Characteristics shared by all minerals: 1. Natural –occurs...
![Page 1: Minerals. A.What is a mineral? Mineral Characteristics shared by all minerals: 1. Natural –occurs naturally –NOT manmade.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649cbb5503460f9498347a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Minerals
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A. What is a mineral?Mineral Characteristics shared by all minerals:
1. Natural – occurs naturally – NOT manmade
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What is a mineral?
1. Natural 2. Inorganic
– Is not alive– Was never alive
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What is a mineral? 1. Natural 2. Inorganic 3. Crystalline
– Atoms are arranged in an orderly pattern
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What is a mineral? 1. Natural 2. Inorganic 3. Crystalline 4. Definite chemical
composition– Chemical formula
– SiO2 is Quartz
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What is a mineral?
1. Natural 2. Inorganic 3. Crystalline 4. Definite chemical composition 5. Solid
– Not a gas, not a liquid
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How will we remember this?
Natural Inorganic Crystalline Definite chemical composition Solid
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Mineral Characteristics shared by all minerals:
Now I Can Define mineralS! Natural Inorganic Crystalline Definite chemical composition Solid
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B. Physical Properties of Minerals
1. Color– First impression– Not very reliable because lots of minerals
can occur in many different colors
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Quartz
Purple Amethyst
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Fluorite •Clear•Blue•Green•Purple
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Physical Properties of Minerals 1. Color 2. Streak
– The TRUE color of a mineral– Color of a mineral’s powder
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Streak
Minerals with a hardness greater than “7” usually don’t create a streak on the streak plate because they are harder than the Porcelain tile (unless the streak plate is specially made).
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Physical Properties of Minerals 1. Color 2. Streak 3. Hardness
– A mineral’s resistance to being scratched– Mohs Hardness Scale from 1-10
Hardness depends on how “tightly packed” the atoms are
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Mohs Hardness Scale
1 Talc2 Gypsum3 Calcite4 Fluorite5 Apatite6 Potassium feldspar7 Quartz8 Topaz9 Corundum10 Diamond Hardest
Softest
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Physical Properties of Minerals 1. Color 2. Streak 3. Hardness 4. Cleavage
– Splits along definite planes
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“Cleav” = to split
Cleaver
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Physical Properties of Minerals
1. Color 2. Streak 3. Hardness 4. Cleavage 5. Fracture
– Breaks irregularly, jagged edges
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Fracture
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Physical Properties of Minerals 1. Color 2. Streak 3. Hardness 4. Cleavage 5. Fracture 6. Luster
– How light shines off a mineral– Metallic or Nonmetallic
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Luster
Metallic Nonmetallic
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Physical Properties of Minerals:Used for Identification (I.D.)
Color Streak Hardness Cleavage Fracture Luster
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C. Special Properties 1. Magnetism
– Attracted to a magnet
– Contains IRON, cobalt, or nickel
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Special Properties 1. Magnetism 2. Double refraction
– Looking through it, you see “double”– Ex. Calcite
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Special Properties 1. Magnetism 2. Double refraction 3. Fluorescence
– Glows under ultraviolet (UV) light
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Fluorescence under ultraviolet, UV light
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Special Properties
1. Magnetism 2. Double refraction 3. Fluorescence 4. Phosphorescence
– Continues to glow even after the UV light has been removed
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Special Properties
1. Magnetism 2. Double refraction 3. Fluorescence 4. Phosphorescence 5. Piezoelectric
– Electricity is generated from Pressure– Example: Quartz
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Piezoelectric (Pressure=Electricity)
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Special Properties
Magnetism Double refraction Fluorescence Phosphorescence Piezoelectric
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D. Identification Tests
1. Hardness 2. Streak (True Color) 3. Acid Test
– Use hydrochloric acid
– Tests for carbonate (calcite)
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Caves can form in rocks with calcite, like here in Harrisonburg!
Acid in groundwater dissolves the calcite
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