MineralsMineralsObjectives: Objectives: Identify characteristics of a Identify characteristics of a mineralmineralDescribe the composition of Describe the composition of MineralsMineralsExplain how minerals have Explain how minerals have different structuresdifferent structures

MineralsMinerals

MineralMineral: A : A naturally occurring, naturally occurring, inorganic solid, inorganic solid, with a distinct with a distinct chemical chemical composition and composition and structurestructure..

Halite: a.k.a SaltHalite: a.k.a Salt

NaClNaCl

Mineral CharacteristicsMineral Characteristics

Occurs naturallyOccurs naturally SolidSolid Definite chemical Definite chemical

compositioncomposition Crystal structureCrystal structure Inorganic (was Inorganic (was

never alive)never alive)

Chemical CompositionChemical Composition

Some minerals Some minerals contain only one contain only one type of element.type of element.

Other minerals Other minerals may have 2 more may have 2 more different elements.different elements.

Chemical CompositionChemical Composition

CrystalsCrystals

Crystal: regular Crystal: regular geometric solid, geometric solid, usually has smooth usually has smooth sides called sides called faces.faces.

Crystal StructureCrystal Structure

The orderly The orderly arrangement of arrangement of atoms determines atoms determines the crystal the crystal structure.structure.

Quartz= SiOQuartz= SiO22

CrystalsCrystals

MalachiteAmazonite

Rhodochrosite

CrystalsCrystalsTourmaline Mottramite

Dioptase

Same Mineral Different Same Mineral Different StructureStructure

Diamonds and GraphiteDiamonds and Graphite Both made of CarbonBoth made of Carbon Atomic structure Atomic structure

determines propertiesdetermines properties

Mineral originsMineral origins

Goal: be able to explain how Goal: be able to explain how various minerals are made.various minerals are made.

Mineral FormationMineral Formation

Ways to form Ways to form mineralsminerals– MagmaMagma– EvaporationEvaporation– CrystallizationCrystallization

Minerals from MagmaMinerals from Magma In magma In magma moleculesmolecules

are able to flow freely.are able to flow freely. As magma As magma coolscools, ,

molecules move closer molecules move closer together, bond, and together, bond, and make a new make a new compound.compound.

If magma If magma cools fastcools fast, , your minerals have your minerals have small grainssmall grains, if it , if it cools cools slowslow you have you have big big grains.grains.

EvaporitesEvaporites

When a solution When a solution evaporates, the evaporates, the water leaves, and water leaves, and what stays are the what stays are the mineralsminerals

Salt Water: Water Salt Water: Water evaporates, the evaporates, the salt remainssalt remains

Lake BedsLake Beds

CrystalizationCrystalization

Elements in an Elements in an aqueous solution aqueous solution solidify into solidify into crystals.crystals.

PrecipitatePrecipitate Minerals left Minerals left

behind as water behind as water moves, drips, etc…moves, drips, etc…