Migration Final Ppt

7/28/2019 Migration Final Ppt

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Iraq 2003

Mexico 2006Sudan 1992

What do all of these images

have incommon?


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Refugee A person who has left their home in a countrywhere they feel unsafe because of persecution

or war, and has applied to stay in anothercountry where they feel safe. If they are allowedto stay they become a refugee.

Asylum Seeker A person who has a right to work and live in acountry for a short time.

Economicmigrant

A person who has been forced to leave theircountry because it is not safe for them to staybecause of persecution or war, and who hasbeen granted permission to stay in a countrywhere they feel safe.

Seasonalworker

A person who has left their country to maketheir quality of life better.


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These three people havemigrated to the UK to live

and work. What type of migrants are they?


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Why do people move?

PUSH FACTOR- things that push

people away froma place)

PULL FACTOR-things that pull

people towards aplace).


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Movement of People

In the more recent past, themovement and countermovement of people have led to accelerated mixing of

stocks and mutual infusion of physicalcharacteristics. Perhaps more importantthan the transmission of physicalcharacteristics has been the transmissionof cultural characteristics.


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The diffusion of cultures,including tools, habits, ideas, andforms of social organization, was a

prerequisite for the development of modern civilization, which wouldprobably have taken place much

more slowly if people had not movedfrom place to place.


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Causes of Migration A group of people may migrate in response to the

lure of a more favorable region or because of someadverse condition or combination of conditions inthe home environment.

Most historians believed that non-nomadic peoplesare disinclined to leave the places to which they areaccustomed, and that most historic and prehistoricmigrations were stimulated by a deterioration of home conditions. This belief is supported by recordsof the events preceding most major migration.


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The specific stimuli for migrations may be either natural or social causes. Among the naturalcauses are changes in climate,stimulating a search for warmer or colder lands; volcanic eruptions or floods that render sizable areasuninhabitable; and periodicfluctuations in rainfall.


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Social causes are generally

considered to have prompted manymore migrations than naturalcauses. Social causes have

included demographic issues; for example, an increased populationleading to an inadequate food

supply.


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Choices of Routes

Throughout history, the choice of migratory routes has been influencedby the tendency of groups to seek atype of environment similar to the onethey left, and by the existence of natural barriers, such as large rivers,

seas, deserts, and mountain ranges.


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Effects Migration

Among the distinct effects of migrationare the stimulation of further migrationthrough the displacement of other people; a reduction in the numbers of the migrating group because of hardship and warfare; changes in

physical characteristics through int ter-marriage with the group ecountered;


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What stops people from moving?The following pictures all represent things that stop people from migrating.

What areotherbarriers tomigration?


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Migration

Migration is whenpeople movepermanently fromone place toanother. It can bewithin the same

country (internal) oracross nationalboundaries

(international)

It is themovement of people, especially of whole

groups, from oneplace, region, or country to another,particularly with the

intention of makingpermanentsettlement in a newlocation .


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Immigra t ion , the movement of peopleinto another nation with the intentionof residing there permanently. Thecontrasting term emigra t ion refers tothe movement of people permanentlyleaving a nation.


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The movement of populations inmodern times has continued under the

form of both voluntary migration withinone's region, country, or beyond andinvoluntary migration (which includes the

slave trade , trafficking in human beings and ethnic cleansing ). People whomigrate are called migrants or, morespecifically, emigrants , immigrants , or settlers , depending on historical setting,circumstances and perspective.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_slaveryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_traffickinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_cleansinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emigrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Settlerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Settlerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emigrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_cleansinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_cleansinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_cleansinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_traffickinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_traffickinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_traffickinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_traffickinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_traffickinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_traffickinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_traffickinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_slaveryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_slaveryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_slaveryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_migration


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People sometimes migrate on a daily

basis, in which case it is commuting andthe humans are called commuters . Thereare also tourists , who temporarily travel togo on vacation , and pilgrims , who do sofor religious reasons. The rest of thisarticle will cover migration in the sense of a "change of residence", rather than the

temporary migrations of travel, tourism,pilgrimages, or the commute.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commutinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commutershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touristshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrimshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilgrimshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touristshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commutershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commuting


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Forced migration has been a means of social control under authoritarianregimes, yet free-initiative migration is

a powerful factor in social adjustmentand the growth of urban populations.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_transferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_transfer


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Different types of migration include:

Seasonal human migration mainly relatedto agriculture and tourism.

Rural to urban, more common indeveloping countries as industrializationtakes effect ( urbanization ).

Urban to rural, more common in developedcountries due to a higher cost of urban

living (suburbanization).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasonal_human_migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasonal_human_migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasonal_human_migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasonal_human_migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasonal_human_migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasonal_human_migration


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Philippine Migration

There were two significant migration trendsthat affected population figures in the 1970sand the 1980s. First was a trend of migrationfrom village to city, which put extra stress onurban areas.


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As of the early 1980s, thirty cities had100,000 or more residents, up fromtwenty-one in 1970. Metro Manila'spopulation was 5,924,563, up from4,970,006 in 1975, marking an annualgrowth rate of 3.6 percent. This figure was

far above the national average of 2.5percent.


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Within Metro Manila, the city of Manila itself was growing more slowly, ata rate of only 1.9 percent per annum, but

two other cities within this complex,Quezon City and Caloocan, were boomingat rates of 4 percent and 3.5 percent,

respectively.


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A second major migration patternconsisted of resettlement from the moredensely to the less densely populatedregions. As a result of a population-land

ratio that declined from about onecultivated hectare per agricultural workerin the 1950s to about 0.5 hectare by the

early 1980s, thousands of Filipinos hadmigrated to the agricultural frontier onMindanao.


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According to the 1980 census, six of

the twelve fastest growing provinces werein the western, northern, or southernMindanao regions, and a seventh was the

frontier province of Palawan.

Sulu, South Cotabato, Misamis Oriental,

Surigao del Norte, Agusan del Norte, andAgusan del Sur provinces all had annual


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population growth rates of 4 percent or more, aremarkable statistic given the uncertain law-and-order situation on Mindanao.

Among the fastestgrowing cities in thelate 1970s were General Santos (10 percentannual growth rate), Iligan (6.9), Cagayan deOro (6.7), Cotabato (5.7), Zamboanga (5.4),

Butuan (5.4), and Dipolog (5.1)--all onMindanao.


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By the early 1980s, the Mindanao

frontier had ceased to offer a safety valve for land-hungry settlers. Hitherto peacefulprovinces had become dangeroustinderboxes in which mounting numbers of Philippine army troops and New People's

Army insurgents carried on a sporadicshooting war with each other and with

bandits, "lost commands," millenarianreligious groups, upland tribes, loggers, andMuslims (see The Counterinsurgency

Campaign , ch. 5).
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field%28DOCID+ph0155%29http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field%28DOCID+ph0155%29http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field%28DOCID+ph0155%29http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field%28DOCID+ph0155%29http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field%28DOCID+ph0155%29http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field%28DOCID+ph0155%29http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field%28DOCID+ph0155%29


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Population pressures also created anadded obstacle to land reform. For years,there had been demands to restructureland tenure so that landlords with largeholdings could be eliminated andpeasants could become farm owners. Inthe past, land reform had been opposedby landlords. In the 1990s there simplywas not enough land to enable a majorityof the rural inhabitants to becomelandowners.


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International migration has offeredbetter economic opportunities to anumber of Filipinos without, however,

reaching the point where it would relievepopulation pressure. Since theliberalization of United States immigration

laws in 1965, the number of people in the


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United States having Filipino ancestry hadgrown substantially to 1,406,770 according tothe 1990 United States census. In the fiscal year

ending September 30, 1990, the United StatesEmbassy in Manila issued 45,189 immigrantand 85,128 temporary visas, the largestnumber up to that time.


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International migration has offered better economic opportunities to a number of Filipinos without, however, reaching the pointwhere it would relieve population pressure.Since the liberalization of United Statesimmigration laws in 1965, the number of people in the


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Internal Migration in thePhilippines

The rapid movement of Filipinos from 1 part of the Philippines to another is not a newphenomenon, but mobility has been increasing.

A study conducted by Peter C. Smith revealedthat interprovincial lifetime mobility of thenational population increased from 15.8% in1960 to 17.6% in 1970, while interregional

mobility increased from 12.7% to 13.4%.


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People still disagree as to whether thesize and rate of growth of the

population are excessive, but thereseems to be total consensus as

regards its spatial imbalance.


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Because internal migration

appears to be an important factor innational development, a need existsto examine different aspects of

internal migration, such as thedirections taken by migration flows,the migrants' reasons for moving,

the migrants' characteristics, themigrants' success or lack of success at their


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places of destination, the social

problems accompanying internalmigration, effforts to deal with theproblems caused by internalmigration, and the implications of migration trends for policy and forthe country's developmentprograms.


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Migrants were, on the average, as welloff as native urbanites or metropolitanites.

Among the more significant points raised by

scholars and researchers are the following:urbanization is an inevitable and irreversibleprocess, and it is wise to plan for it; the

problem is not rapid urbanization but


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unbalanced urbanization,i.e., the concentration of urbanization in Metro Manila;

steps to alter national urbanpatterns might include

establishing a migrationguidance office;


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the need exists for an explicit, firm, andconsistent population distribution policy; andsolutions that anticipate problems having to dowith internal migration and prevent theseproblems from arising will, in the long run, bemore effective than curative solutions.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12311952
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12311952http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12311952http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12311952http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12311952http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12311952http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12311952http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12311952http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12311952http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12311952http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12311952http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12311952http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12311952http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12311952

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