Midwest and Great Plains Climate- Drought Outlook October ... · 15/10/2015 · ∗Crops have...
Transcript of Midwest and Great Plains Climate- Drought Outlook October ... · 15/10/2015 · ∗Crops have...
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Midwest and Great Plains Climate-
Drought Outlook October 15, 2015
Nolan Doesken
Colorado State Climatologist Colorado State University
Denver Post
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∗ Providing climate services to the Central Region ∗ Collaboration Activity Between:
∗ State Climatologists ∗ Doug Kluck & John Eise (NOAA) ∗ American Association of State Climatologists ∗ Midwest and High Plains Regional Climate Centers ∗ National Drought Mitigation Center/USDA
∗ Next Regular Climate/Drought Outlook Webinar ∗ November 19 , 2015 (1 PM CDT)
∗ Access to Future Climate Webinars and Information ∗ http://www.drought.gov/drought/content/regional-
programs/regional-drought-webinars
∗ http://mrcc.isws.illinois.edu/webinars.htm ∗ http://www.hprcc.unl.edu/webinars.php ∗ Open for questions at the end
General Information
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∗ Background Climate ∗ Current Conditions ∗ Impacts ∗ Missouri River ∗ Great Lakes ∗ General Fall Ag
∗ Outlooks ∗ El Niño ∗ Anything Else?
Agenda
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Our Climate Background
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But don’t expect our “weather” to follow those nice, smooth seasonal averages
No two years are ever the same Note: These data are REAL!!
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Review/Current Conditions
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September Temperature Departure from Normal
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September U.S. Average Temp
Sept 2015, 68.54F (3.68F above average) 2nd warmest on record
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September Temperature Recap
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/temp-and-precip/us-maps/
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http://www.hprcc.unl.edu/maps/current/
Most recent 30-day temperatures
HPRCC – Regional Climate Centers
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Past 7 days departure from normal Temperatures
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And then there was Sunday!
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Very late first freeze this fall
http://mrcc.isws.illinois.edu/VIP/frz_maps/freeze_maps.html
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http://mrcc.isws.illinois.edu/VIP/frz_maps/freeze_maps.html
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But the Freeze is Coming!!
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Now let’s talk about precipitation
Credit: Henry Reges
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An interesting September event
Sept. 22-25 -- help from the tropics
Data from CoCoRaHS
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September Precipitation Recap
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/temp-and-precip/us-maps/
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Year to Date and Water Year
Precipitation
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cag/mapping/us
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30-Day Departure from normal precipitation
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Soil Moisture
http://www.emc.ncep.noaa.gov/mmb/nldas/drought/
Soil Moisture Anomaly in millimeters
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2015 drought evolution – or lack thereof
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US Drought Monitor
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US Drought Monitor
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US Drought Monitor
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US Drought Monitor
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US Drought Monitor
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US Drought Monitor
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US Drought Monitor
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Impacts
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Fire Activity
USDA Forest Service http://activefiremaps.fs.fed.us/current.php
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∗ Until late summer, not much going on – but very touchy recently ∗ Fires are not uncommon in fall ∗ Plenty of dry grass ∗ Rapid late-season drying ∗ Recent extreme warmth and high winds
∗ Numerous high wind and red flag warnings recently N. Plains
∗ Several fires, some damage
Fire Issues
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Autumn Foliage
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Colorado foliage this past weekend
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Current Fall Foliage Map
http://smokymountains.com/fall-foliage-map/
October 10, 2015
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Current Fall Foliage Map
http://smokymountains.com/fall-foliage-map/
October 17, 2015 Prediction
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Great Lakes Impacts
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Great Lakes
• Surface temperatures have returned to near average after an exceptionally cool 2014 and early 2015 -- now a bit warm but still cooler than 2010-2012
• Lake levels dropping now as expected, but still high, and dramatically above 2011 - 2013
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Lake Superior Lake Michigan
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Great Lakes Levels
Lake Superior
Lake Michigan-Huron Predicted levels
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Edmund Fitzgerald – 40 years ago
November 10, 1975
Will the gales of November come early this year?
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Missouri River/Streams Impacts
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Data source: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/mo/nwis/
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Data source: http://www.dwr.state.co.us/SurfaceWater/
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7-Day Average Streamflow
http://waterwatch.usgs.gov
Wednesday, 15 Apr. 2015
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Overall, streamflows and surface water supplies have held up well Drying out with low flows in parts of Kansas and the Michigan U.P. No significant impacts reported
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Fall Ag Activity Impacts
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∗ Dry / warm fall has had more advantages than disadvantages for most.
∗ Crops have matured nicely, even those that got off to late starts
∗ Harvest is underway – and ahead of schedule in many areas
∗ No early freezes this year – ∗ Fantastic year in MN and northern IA ∗ Sorry about IL pie pumkins ∗ 2016 winter wheat – shaky start so far –poor surface
moisture especially for no-till
Midwestern Ag Issues
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Wheat Belt Impacts
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Winter wheat
∗ 2015 crop – OK ∗ Soil moisture coming in short at
time of planting this fall (2015) ∗ Late/spotty emergence W. Kansas
and Colorado ∗ Temperature pushing growth and
water demand emerging crop ∗ “Iffy” now, but wheat is a resilient
crop
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Outlooks
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∗ 7-day precipitation forecast ∗ 8-14 day outlook ∗ November ∗ El Nino ∗ 3 Month outlooks ∗ Seasonal Drought Outlooks
Climate Outlooks
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7-day Quantitative Precipitation Forecast Valid: 7 AM Thu 15 Oct– 7 AM Thu 22 Oct
http://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/qpf/day1-7.shtml
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http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/814day/index.php
Temperature and Precipitation Probabilities for 22 Oct. – 28 Oct. 2015
Temperature Precipitation
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http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/30day/
November Temperature and Precipitation Probabilities
Temperature Precipitation
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∗Alive and Well
El Niño
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Weekly Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies
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The MEI monitors ENSO based on all observed fields over the tropical Pacific (pressure, wind, temperatures, and cloudiness). El Niño events can reach up to +3 standard deviations, while La Niña events may dip down to -2 standard deviations. The current El Niño has already reached +2.53, the largest MEI value since 1998. Even if does not grow any further, I would call it a ‘Big Boy’ now! http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/enso/mei
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The ECMWF March 2015 forecast (left) was very bullish, with over 90% of the ensemble members exceeding +1.0°C by June! The median forecast was actually right on target thru July, while the last two months have tracked even higher than that! http://www.ecmwf.int/products/forecasts/d/charts/seasonal/forecast/seasonal_range_forecast/
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A closer look at Northwest Colorado (1910-2011)
SON DJF MAM Our northern mountains from the Elk to the Park Range are favored this fall under strong El Niño conditions (8 of 10 above median), NOT favored during winter (ALL 10 below 30%ile), and only slightly favored during spring (6 of 10 above median). The fall season is critical – only the 3rd driest fall (1994) managed to stage a huge comeback in spring, while the two driest falls (‘57 and ‘87) ended up below the median for winter & spring as well.
ENSO conditions during season in question!
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A closer look at Southwest Colorado (1905-2011)
SON DJF MAM The San Juans and SW Colorado are more favored during strong El Niño than further north, especially lopsided in the fall (10 of 11 above 60%ile), about equal chances during winter, and slightly favored during spring (none below 20%ile). On average, a strong El Niño gives this region a wetter outcome than a weaker one, especially during fall and spring. The lonely dry fall (‘30) was followed by a dry winter and near-normal spring.
ENSO conditions during season in question!
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http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/long_range/seasonal.php?lead=1
3 Month Temperature and Precipitation Probabilities
(November - January)
Temperature Precipitation
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http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/long_range/seasonal.php?lead=1
3 Month Temperature and Precipitation Probabilities
(February - April)
Temperature Precipitation
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Drought Outlook through Jan 31, 2016
http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/expert_assessment/season_drought.png/
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Summary - Conditions
∗ It’s been really warm and fairly dry ∗ Dry recent weather great for harvest and all outdoor fall
activities – very few complaints ∗ Cooler weather coming soon, but not cold
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Summary - Outlooks
Evidence that El Nino Outlook is on track – several S. California precip events already
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∗ Today’s and Past Recorded Presentations and : ∗ http://mrcc.isws.illinois.edu/webinars.htm
http://www.hprcc.unl.edu • NOAA’s National Climatic Data Center: www.ncdc.noaa.gov
Monthly climate reports (U.S. & Global): www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/
• NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center: www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov
• Climate Portal: www.climate.gov
• U.S. Drought Portal: www.drought.gov
• National Drought Mitigation Center: http://drought.unl.edu/ • State climatologists
∗ http://www.stateclimate.org • Regional climate centers
∗ http://mrcc.isws.illinois.edu ∗ http://www.hprcc.unl.edu
Further Information - Partners
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∗ Questions: ∗ Climate: ∗ Dennis Todey: [email protected] , 605-688-5141 ∗ Doug Kluck: [email protected], 816-994-3008 ∗ John Eise: [email protected], 816-268-3144 ∗ Mike Timlin: [email protected]; 217-333-8506 ∗ Natalie Umphlett: [email protected] ; 402 472-6764 ∗ Brian Fuchs: [email protected] 402 472-6775 ∗ Weather: ∗ [email protected]
Thank You and Questions?