MICROSCOPY

What do microscopes do?

An optical instrument that uses a lens or a combination of lenses to produce magnified images of small objects, especially of objects too small to be seen by the unaided eye. http://www.answers.com/microscope

microscope

CompoundLight

Microscope

Dissection or Stereoscope

Confocal Microscope

Scanning Electron Microscope

(SEM)

Transmission Electron

Microscope (TEM)

Description

Compound microscopes are light illuminated. The

image seen with this type of microscope is two

dimensional. This microscope is the most

commonly used. You can view individual cells, even

living ones. It has high magnification. However, it

has a low resolution.

A dissection microscope is light illuminated. The

image that appears is three dimensional. It is used for dissection to get a better

look at the larger specimen. You cannot see individual cells because it has a low

magnification.

This microscope uses a laser light. This light is

used because of the wavelength. Laser light

scan across the specimen with the aid of scanning

mirrors. Then image is then placed on a digital

computer screen for analyzing.

SEM use electron illumination. The image is

seen in 3-D. It has high magnification and high

resolution. The specimen is coated in gold and the

electrons bounce off to give you and exterior view of

the specimen. The pictures are in black and white.

TEM is electron illuminated. This gives a 2-

D view. Thin slices of specimen are obtained. The

electron beams pass through this. It has high magnification and high

resolution.

Costs $150 - $10,000 $100-$1500 $20,000-100,000 more than $50.000 more than $50,000

Source of Radiation for Image Formation

visible light visible light laser light electrons electrons

Medium air air air vacuum vacuum

Specimen mounting

glass slides noneglass slides with dyed

samplesMounted on aluminum

stubs and are coated in gold

Thin films of collodion or other supporting material

on copper grids

http://www.cas.muohio.edu/mbiws/microscopes/types.html

Microviewers

• Inexpsensive?• Best characteristics is that they alloow the

students to see images that they cannot see with the school microscope.

• High school microscope magnify up to 400x

• The micrographs on these filmstrips go up to 200,000x

• Viewer = $9.80 15 filmstrips $177.00

What is It?

• Ant’s head.

What is It?

• This is the face of the Red Wriggler earthworm, Eisenia foetida. Earthworms burrow through the soil, eating dead plant material. As well as breaking down the dead plant material into soil, their burrows also help aerate it.

What is it?

• Common everyday items take on a new dimension at high magnification. In this photo, a staple is seen where it ripped through the fibers of a yellow sticky note paper.

What is It?

• These tiny glass capsules contain a liquid scent and are glued onto paper. When the paper is scratched, some of the capsules are ruptured and the scent is released.

SNOW

What is It?

Parts of the Microscopea Eye pieceb Body tubec Coarse adjustment knobd Fine adjustment knobe Nose piecef Objective Lensg Armh ApertureI Stagej Diaphragmk Lightl Basem On/Off Switchn Stage Clips

Compound

Light

Microscope

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Scanning = 4X

Low Power = 10X

High Power = 40X

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Microscope Care & Handling

Importance of careSo why do I need to know how to use the microscope? • Because microscopes cost several hundred dollars it is

very important to make them last for a long time.

How long will a microscope last if I take good care of it? • They can last for at least 10 years if you care for the

"scope“.

Microscope Care & Handling

Transporting

When you pick up the microscope and walk with it, grab the arm with one hand and place your other hand on the bottom of the base.

DON'T SWING THE MICROSCOPE !

Handling & Cleaning

• Never touch the lenses with your fingers. Your body produces an oil that smudges the glass. This oil can even etch the glass if left on too long. Use only LENS PAPER to clean the glass.

• TOILET PAPER, KLEENEX, AND PAPER TOWELS HAVE FIBERS THAT CAN SCRATCH THE LENSES.

Storage

• When you are finished with your "scope" assignment, rotate the nosepiece so that it's on the low power objective, roll the nosepiece so that it's all the way down to the stage, then replace the dust cover.

• DON'T FORGET TO USE PROPER TRANSPORTING TECHNIQUES!

Clean Up:

• Clean all slides, materials, and work area when you're done. Please, be careful with the slides and cover slips. They are made of glass and if broken, you will get cut and you will bleed.

POWERS OF MAGNIFICATION

A

POWERS OF MAGNIFICATION

B

POWERS OF MAGNIFICATION

C

POWERS OF MAGNIFICATION

D

This picture = 7x

Scanning = 45x

Low = 112.5x

High = 225x

IN THE GUT OF TERMITES

WHAT NOT TO DO…

Slides to Make• Hydra• Colored

threads• Letter “e”• Tomato• Potato• Pear• Feather• Pond water• Copepods• Rotifers• Daphnia• Sponge• Sand