COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE:COMPOUND LIGHT MICROSCOPE:

USES LIGHT PASSING THROUGH THE USES LIGHT PASSING THROUGH THE SPECIMEN TO ENLARGE ITSPECIMEN TO ENLARGE IT

2 LENSES2 LENSES

OBJECTS APPEAR OBJECTS APPEAR BACKWARDS & UPSIDE BACKWARDS & UPSIDE DOWN!DOWN!

FOCUSING:FOCUSING:

NOT FOLLOWING FOCUSING NOT FOLLOWING FOCUSING PROCEDURES CAN SEVERLY DAMAGE PROCEDURES CAN SEVERLY DAMAGE THE MICROSCOPE &/OR SLIDE!THE MICROSCOPE &/OR SLIDE!

ALWAYS START WITH THE ALWAYS START WITH THE LOWEST MAGNIFICATION AND LOWEST MAGNIFICATION AND WORK UP TO A HIGHER WORK UP TO A HIGHER MAGNIFICATION!MAGNIFICATION!

FOCUSING PROCEDURES:FOCUSING PROCEDURES:

PLACE THE SLIDE ON THE STAGE & CLIP IT PLACE THE SLIDE ON THE STAGE & CLIP IT IN TO SECUREIN TO SECURE

ADJUST THE DIAPHRAGM TO THE PROPER ADJUST THE DIAPHRAGM TO THE PROPER AMOUNT OF LIGHTAMOUNT OF LIGHT

MAKE SURE YOU ARE ON THE MAKE SURE YOU ARE ON THE LOWESTLOWEST OBJECTIVE LENSOBJECTIVE LENS

LOWER THE OBJECTIVE USING THE LOWER THE OBJECTIVE USING THE COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB COARSE ADJUSTMENT KNOB

BRING THE SPECIMEN INTO FOCUS USING THE BRING THE SPECIMEN INTO FOCUS USING THE FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOBFINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB

CHANGE TO A HIGHER POWER OBJECTIVECHANGE TO A HIGHER POWER OBJECTIVE

USE ONLY THE FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB AT USE ONLY THE FINE ADJUSTMENT KNOB AT THIS POINT!THIS POINT!

NEVER USE THE COARSE ADJUSTMENT AT HIGH NEVER USE THE COARSE ADJUSTMENT AT HIGH POWER – YOU WILL BREAK THE SLIDE/LENSPOWER – YOU WILL BREAK THE SLIDE/LENS

WHEN DONE – STORE THE MICROSCOPES IN WHEN DONE – STORE THE MICROSCOPES IN THEIR COVERS UNDER THE SINKSTHEIR COVERS UNDER THE SINKS

MAKING A WET MOUNT SLIDE:MAKING A WET MOUNT SLIDE:

OBTAIN A CLEAN SLIDE & COVER SLIPOBTAIN A CLEAN SLIDE & COVER SLIP

PLACE A SPECIMEN IN THE MIDDLE OF THE PLACE A SPECIMEN IN THE MIDDLE OF THE SLIDE (USE TWEEZERS)SLIDE (USE TWEEZERS)

WITH A DROPPER, PLACE WITH A DROPPER, PLACE ONE DROPONE DROP OF OF LIQUID OVER THE SPECIMEN – DO NOT LIQUID OVER THE SPECIMEN – DO NOT TOUCH THE DROPPER TO THE SPECIMEN!TOUCH THE DROPPER TO THE SPECIMEN!

HOLD THE COVER SLIP BY THE EDGES AT HOLD THE COVER SLIP BY THE EDGES AT (WITH TWEEZERS)(WITH TWEEZERS)

LOWER IT SLOWLY ON AN ANGLE!LOWER IT SLOWLY ON AN ANGLE!

IF AIR BUBBLES ARE TRAPPED UNDER IF AIR BUBBLES ARE TRAPPED UNDER THE COVER SLIP, THE COVER SLIP, GENTLYGENTLY TAP THE TAP THE EDGE OF THE COVER SLIP WITH THE EDGE OF THE COVER SLIP WITH THE BLUNT END OF THE TWEEZERSBLUNT END OF THE TWEEZERS

REMOVE EXCESS WATER WITH A REMOVE EXCESS WATER WITH A PIECE OF PAPER TOWEL (TWEEZERS PIECE OF PAPER TOWEL (TWEEZERS AGAIN, FOLKS)AGAIN, FOLKS)

PLACE THE SLIDE ON THE STAGE & PLACE THE SLIDE ON THE STAGE & VIEW!VIEW!

MAKING A WET MOUNT STAIN:MAKING A WET MOUNT STAIN:

MAKE A WET MOUNT SLIDEMAKE A WET MOUNT SLIDE

USING A DROPPER, ADD A DROP OF STAIN USING A DROPPER, ADD A DROP OF STAIN ALONG THE ALONG THE EDGEEDGE OF THE COVERSLIP OF THE COVERSLIP

TOUCH A PIECE OF PAPER TOWEL TO THE TOUCH A PIECE OF PAPER TOWEL TO THE OTHER SIDE OF THE COVER SLIP TO DRAW OTHER SIDE OF THE COVER SLIP TO DRAW THE STAIN THROUGHTHE STAIN THROUGH

MAGNIFICATION:MAGNIFICATION:

THE ABILITY TO MAKE IMAGES LARGERTHE ABILITY TO MAKE IMAGES LARGER

RESOLUTION: THE SHARPNESS OR CLEARNESS RESOLUTION: THE SHARPNESS OR CLEARNESS OF AN OBJECTOF AN OBJECT

TO CALCULATE TOTAL MAGNIFICATION: TO CALCULATE TOTAL MAGNIFICATION: MULTIPLY THE MAGNIFYING POWER OF THE MULTIPLY THE MAGNIFYING POWER OF THE OBJECTIVE LENS x THE MAGNIFYING POWER OBJECTIVE LENS x THE MAGNIFYING POWER OF THE OCULAROF THE OCULAR

OCULAR = 10xOCULAR = 10x

LOW POWER LENS = 4xLOW POWER LENS = 4x

TOTAL MAGNIFICATION = 40xTOTAL MAGNIFICATION = 40x

Eyepiece Objective Lens Magnification

Low Power or Scanning Lens

10 x 4 x 40 x

Green = GO! Green = GO! Green = GO! Green = GO!

High Power 10 x 10 x 100 x

Yellow = Caution Yellow = Caution Yellow = Caution Yellow = Caution

Oil Lens 10 x 40 x 400 x

Red = STOP! Never Use This Lens!Never Use This

Lens!Never Use This

Lens!

DISSECTING MICROSCOPE:DISSECTING MICROSCOPE:

USED TO MAGNIFY 3 DIMENSIONAL SOLID USED TO MAGNIFY 3 DIMENSIONAL SOLID OBJECTS (FOR DISSECTING)OBJECTS (FOR DISSECTING)

OBJECTS APPEAR RIGHT SIDE UP AND OBJECTS APPEAR RIGHT SIDE UP AND NORMAL!!!!NORMAL!!!!

NO SPECIAL SLIDES OR MOUNTSNO SPECIAL SLIDES OR MOUNTS

ONLY 1 OBJECTIVE LENS – VERY LOW POWERONLY 1 OBJECTIVE LENS – VERY LOW POWER

ELECTRON MICROSCOPE:ELECTRON MICROSCOPE:

USES A BEAM OF HIGHLY ENERGETIC USES A BEAM OF HIGHLY ENERGETIC ELECTRONS TO EXAMINE OBJECTS ON ELECTRONS TO EXAMINE OBJECTS ON A VERY FINE SCALEA VERY FINE SCALE

CAN PRODUCE MAGNIFICATIONS OF CAN PRODUCE MAGNIFICATIONS OF MORE THAN 500,000 x THAT OF LIGHT!MORE THAN 500,000 x THAT OF LIGHT!

ONE DISADVANTAGE IS THAT SAMPLES ONE DISADVANTAGE IS THAT SAMPLES MUST BE VIEWED IN A MUST BE VIEWED IN A VACUUMVACUUM – SO – SO NO LIVING SAMPLES CAN BE STUDIED!NO LIVING SAMPLES CAN BE STUDIED!

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

E. COLI BACTERIA

HEAD OF A SMALL BLACK ANT

POLLEN