Blue = IncorrectGrey Highlight = Was on test (DIDN'T MARK ALL, I FORGOT)Chapter 1 Historical background of disease Louis Pasteur, Robert Kock , Edward Jenner, Paul Eurlich, disproval of the theory of spontaneous generation, Germ theory of disease, Vaccine, antimicrobialsEmerging and Reemerging diseasesExamples (at least you should know 5 new emerging diseases) Causes of emergence of new diseases causes of reemergence of old diseases Microbial world, pathogens slide23, 24, Characteristics of small disease and crowd diseases Compare and contrast what types of diseases are associated with small population disease versus large population disease?Slides 33,34,35,36Microbe perspective of disease: Human perspective of diseaseAdapting to host condition or killing the host (34) What is the selection pressure that lead pathogen to either evolve into killing their host or adapt to host conditions.

1. The Scientist That first saw and described protozoans and bacteria calling them animacules was:a. Van Leeuwenhoekb. Louis Pasteurc. Robert Hookd. Robert Koche. Paul Erlich

2. Which of these scientist(s) was/were involved in, among other things, investigating the idea of spontaneous generation?a. Redib. van Leeuwenhoekc. Pasteurd. Escheriche. a and c

3. The scientist that was the first to see microorganisms, which he called animalcules, wasa. Redib. van Leeuwenhoekc. Pasteur

4. The Golden Age of Bacteriologya. Occurred late 1800s to early 1900s.b. Started in the 1990s with the advent of genetic engineering.c. Is a time when the knowledge of and techniques to work with bacteria blossomed.d. Involved work of scientists such as Pasteur.e. a,c and d

5. The person responsible for proving that a Specific disease was caused by a specific microorganisma. Louis Pasteurb. Robert Kochc. Antony Van Leeuwenhoekd. Robert Hookee. Alexander Fleming

6. ***Pasteurs experiment demonstrated that microorganisms in the __________ were indistinguishable from those that grew in contaminated broth contained in the flasks.a. Brothb. Airc. Soild. Watere. Corks

7. Paul Erlich was the first scientist to discovera. Vaccinationb. Antibioticsc. Salvarsand. Bacterial cellse. All the above

8. The idea of spontaneous generation postulated thata. Organisms could evolve into the next generation of organismsb. Organisms could spontaneously combustc. Organisms could spontaneously arise from other living organismsd. Organisms could spontaneously arise from non living material

9. Plants are dependent on microorganismsa. Providing oxygen.b. Providing water.c. Changing atmospheric nitrogen to a usable form.d. Providing carbohydrates.

10. ***Which of the following is a similarity between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?a. Both share an identical genetic language.b. Both share a common set of membrane-bound organelles.c. Both share common structural features.d. a and ce. a, b and c

11. Microorganisms are involved ina. Causing disease.b. Curing/treating disease.c. Preparing food.d. Cleaning up pollutants.e. All of the above

12. The following are true with regard to bacteria EXCEPTa. Some are able fix nitrogenb. They can break down many materials that no other living organisms can degradec. They can be used to produce useful products that are of commercial value.d. The majority of bacteria are pathogenic and will cause disease if humans are exposed to them.e. Some can be genetically engineered to make medically important products such as insulin and growth hormone.

13. Cellulose is a major component in plants and is only directly digested bya. Herbivoresb. Carnivoresc. Termitesd. Microorganismse. All of the above

14. Bioremediation refers toa. Rehabilitating wayward bacteriab. Vaccine developmentc. Using bacteria to clean up pollutantsd. Monitoring newly discovered disease organismse. All of the above

15. *****Genetic engineeringa. Makes use of the similarities in biochemistry between all organismsb. Is involved in making vaccinesc. Involves manipulating DNAd. Allows to clone useful protein in bacteriae. All of the above

16. ****What type of organism can break down nitrogen from the air and use it as a source of nutrient:a. All cellsb. All cells and virusesc. All prokaryotic cellsd. Only nitrogen fixing eukaryotese. Only nitrogen fixing prokaryotic cells

17. Worldwide, most illness and death is caused bya. Infectious diseases, especially respiratory and diarrheal diseases. b. Heart disease.c. Cancerd. Chemical poisoninge. a,b

18. Newly emerging or re-emerging diseasesa. May be due to changing lifestyles.b. Are exemplified by Lyme Disease and cholera.c. May reflect a breakdown in sanitation/social orderd. May be related to global cooling.e. a,b,c

19. Microorganisms are involved ina. Production of medicinal products.b. Transforming atmospheric nitrogen to a form useful to plants. c. Food production.d. Pollution cleanupe. All of the above

20. The outbreak of measles within the last few years was due toa. Mutation of the virusb. Change in the environment.c. A decline in vaccination of children in the previous yearsd. Increase in sensitivity of detection techniques.

21. ***Lyme Disease is an example of a diseasea. That is due to changing lifestyles.b. That is due to a decline in vaccinations.c. That is due to a mutation.d. That is due to climate change.

22. Which is usually true of Bacteria?a. They are found as rods, spheres, or spirals.b. They reproduce by binary fission.c. They contain rigid cell walls made of peptidoglycan.d. They are found as single cells.e. All of the above

23. Which is not usually true of Archaea?a. They are found as rods, spheres, or spirals.b. They reproduce by binary fission.c. They contain rigid cell walls.d. They are found as single cells.e. They contain peptidoglycan as part of their cell walls.

24. Eucaryaa. Consist of only multicellular organisms.b. Have a more complex internal structure than Archaea or Bacteria.c. Have a simpler internal structure than Archaea or Bacteria.d. Have a membrane around the DNA.e. b,d

25. Outside a cell, viruses area. Running a small number of biochemical reactions.b. Synthesizing proteins necessary for entry into the host.c. Inactive.d. Constructing a cell membrane known as an envelope.e. a and b

26. Viruses may only be growna. In inanimate chemical growth media.b. In living cells.c. At body temperature.d. In darkness.

27. Prionsa. Are only composed of RNA.b. Are only composed of DNA.c. Are only composed of protein.d. Cause diseases in plants.e. a and d

28. The cell types which lack a membrane bound nucleus are found in thea. Eukaryotes.b. Prokaryotes.c. Archaea.d. Protista.e. b and c

29. ****Viruses are often referred to as (cant be anything else because they are non-living)a. Infectious agentsb. Eubacteriac. Cellular agentsd. Archaeae. All of the above

30. Infectious diseases pause no more a threat to the public health because they have been eliminated by antibiotic and vaccinesa. Trueb. False

31. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bacteria:a. All are Prokaryoticb. Have peptidoglycan cell wallc. Have the same shaped. Grow by binary fissione. Have the ability to move

32. The following food items are fermented by microorganisms excepta. Yogurtb. Winec. Cheesed. Bread e. Pasteurized milk

33. Microbes that are very similar in shape, size and appearance to the bacteria, but able to live and grow in environments of very high salt concentration and temperatures above boiling belong to which of these domains?a. Prokaryoteb. Eukaryac. Archaead. Animaliae. Protozoa

34. *****Viruses are not described as prokaryotes or eukaryotes because they:a. Do not contain any genetic information (DNA or RNA)b. Were discovered after the prokaryotes and eukaryotesc. Are not cellsd. None of the above

35. Prokaryotic cells contain all of the following EXCEPT:a. Cytoplasmic membraneb. Cell wallc. True Nucleusd. DNAe. Ribosomes

36. Some Archaea are commonly found ina. Meteors.b. Boiling hot springs.c. The Great Salt Lake.d. Your refrigerator.e. b and c

37. Bacteria are useful to study becausea. They produce protein in a similar manner to more complex organisms.b. They replicate DNA in a similar manner to more complex organisms.c. They produce energy in a similar manner to more complex organisms.d. They are grown quickly, easily, and cheaply.e. All of the above

38. ***Smallpoxa. Has been eliminated.b. Still occasionally occurs in third world countries.c. Probably only had a human reservoir.d. Was dealt with by vaccination.e. a, c and d

39. *Virusesa. Are nucleic acid surrounded by a protective coatb. Are single-celled organisms.c. Consist of only proteins.d. Are in the Domain Archaea.e. a and b

40. Which of the following is not considered as a new disease:a. Lyme diseaseb. Toxic shock syndromec. Acquired immunodeficiency syndromed. Flue. Legionnaires disease

41. The outbreak of measles within the last few years was due toa. Mutation of the virus.b. Change in the environment.c. A decline in vaccination of children in the previous years.d. Increase in sensitivity of detection techniques.

42. Bacteria are present on the bodya. Only during disease-causing infections.b. Constantly.c. Only in certain restricted areas.d. Never.

Matching:a. eukaryotes b. prokaryotes c. a and b43. Has a nuclear membrane.A44. Has a rigid cell wall made of peptidoglycan. B45. May use flagella to move.B C46. Has internal organelles.A47. Has a cytoskeleton.C

Chapter 3 Slides 1-19

48. The two magnifying lenses found in a light microscope are thea. Basic, and transverse.b. Small, and large.c. Ocular and objective.d. Simple and phase.

49. The resolving power of a microscope is described as the ability of the microscope toa. Separate clearly two objects that are very close together.b. Magnify an object.c. Separate the colors of an organisms internal structure.d. See structures at various depths in a tissue.

50. In viewing a microscopic specimen, oil is used toa. Increase the refraction.b. Decrease the refraction.c. Increase the reflection.d. Increase the resolution.e. b and d

51. The major criteria used in placing bacteria into different groups is based on differences ina. Cell wall structure.b. Cell membrane permeability.c. Presence or absence of flagella.d. Detergent susceptibility

52. Immunofluorescencea. Uses fluorescently tagged molecules.b. Makes use of the specificity in binding of antibodies.c. Utilizes acridine orange.d. Would require a special UV microscope.e. a, b and d

53. Which term(s) refer(s) to bacterial morphology?a. Bacillusb. Coccusc. Bacillusd. Polyhedrale. b, and c

54. Gram stain is used to differentiate organisms on the basis of theira. DNAb. Cytoplasmic cell structurrec. Cell wall structured. Cytoplasmic contente. All of the above

55. Prokaryotic cells contain all of the following EXCEPT:a. Cytoplasmic membraneb. Cell wallc. True Nucleusd. DNAe. Ribosomes

56. The structures used for motility in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes area. Cilia.b. Flagellac. Pili.d. Fimbriae

57. Endospores area. A dormant cell type.b. A form of reproduction.c. An obligate intracellular parasite.d. Sensitive to damaging environmental conditions.

58. A resistant, dormant structure that can survive adverse conditions and germinate when conditions become favorable is called a(n):a. Sporangiumb. Vegetative cellc. Endospored. CellPlasmid

59. Differential stains use two dyes or morea. Trueb. False

60. Gram stain is used to differentiate bacteria on the basis of theira. DNAb. Cell Wallc. Cell membraned. Capsulee. Cytoplasmic content

61. Acid fast stain is used to identifya. Mycoplasma sppb. Mycobacterium sppc. E. colid. Staphylococi

62. Spherical bacteria arranged in a cluster are calleda. Streptococcib. Bacillic. Spirochetesd. Streptobacillie. Staphylococci

63. You are given a prepared slide and are told that it is a streptobacillus. Without even looking at the slide under the microscope you know which of the following? The bacteria are linked together in chains The bacteria are spherical in shape. The bacteria are in grape-like clusters. The bacteria are rod-shaped. The bacteria are Gram-negative.

a. 1,2b. 1,4c. 2,3d. 2,4e. 1,4,5

64. Bacterial endospores are formed by all species of bacteriaa. Trueb. False

65. The process/part of microscope that most account for magnification in a microscope isa. Condenserb. IlluminationResolutionc. Oculars and objectivesd. All of the above

66. Oil immersion is useda. To improve magnificationb. To improve resolutionc. To improve contrastd. To prevent damage of lenses

67. The order of reagents in the Gram stain reaction area. Safranin, alcohol, methylene blue, iodine.b. Crystal violet, iodine, alcohol, safranin.c. Methylene blue, alcohol, safranin.d. Crystal violet, alcohol, iodine, safranin.

68. The resolving power of a microscope is described as the ability of the microscope toa. Magnify an objectb. Separate clearly two objects that are very close togetherc. Separate the colors of an organisms internal structure.d. See structures at various depths in a tissue.

69. Worldwide, most illness and death is caused bya. Cancerb. Heart disease.c. Infectious diseases, especially respiratory and diarrheal diseases.d. Chemical poisoning.e. None of the above

70. Why are viruses not considered to be living?a. They are unable to reproduce alone.b. They are able to metabolize alone.c. They are unable to carry out life-associated activities alone.d. a and ce. a, b and c

71. Prions area. Only made of protein with no associated nucleic acidb. Causes disease in the central nervous system of animals.c. Self-replicating.d. It appears to be a normal protein that has assumed a different shape.e. All of the above

7.The opposite results obtained by scientists apparently doing the same experiments in investigating spontaneous generationA.shows the importance of repeating experiments.

B.shows the importance of exactly duplicating experimental conditions.

C.led to further experiments that ultimately furthered knowledge.

D.All of the choices are correct.

12.Bacteria have been used to help produce or modifyfood products A.for several thousand years.

B.since the middle ages.

C.since the late 1800s.

D.since the 1950s.

27.Which is usually true of Archaea?A.They are found as rods, spheres, or spirals.

B.They reproduce by binary fission.

C.They contain rigid cell walls.

D.They are found as single cells.

E.All of the choices are correct.

38.Which of these may pertain to the term strain?A.E. coli 0157:H7

B.E. coli

C.minor variation of a species

D.major variation of a species

E.E. coli 0157:H7 AND minor variation of a species

43.VirusesA.are obligate intracellular parasites.

B.are single-celled organisms.

C.consist of only proteins.

D.are in the Domain Archaea.

E.are obligate intracellular parasites AND are single-celled organisms.

49.A new organism was found that was unicellular and 1 cm long. The "large" size of this organism alone would A.mean that it could not be a bacterium.

B.mean that it had to be a protista.

C.mean little.

D.mean that it had to be in the domain Eukarya.

54.The scientific name of an organism indicates its domain.TrueFalse

58.Viruses and bacteria are both based on the unit of a cell.TrueFalse

59.The size of an organism determines its domain.TrueFalse

65. A microbiologist obtained two pure isolated biological samples: one of a virus, and one of a viroid. The labels came off during a move from one lab to the next, however. The scientist felt she could distinguish between the two samples by analyzing for the presence of a single type of molecule. What type of molecule would she be looking for to differentiate between the two? A.DNA

B.protein

C.lipids

D.RNA

68.Scientists recently cloned Louis Pasteur and put him back to work in a modern lab. He promptly developed a gel that breaks down proteins. Since he hasn't been around for some time, he's unsure what the best application for his invention might be. Help him out-what pathogenic item would this gel be most effective and safe at eliminating? A.Viroids on the surface of agricultural plant tissues.

B.Prions inside the central nervous system of cows.

C.Viruses on the surface of the skin.

D.Bacteria in the intestines of human beings.

E.The fungus that causes athlete's foot between people's toes.