Michael Pensini, Jasdeep Michael Pensini, Jasdeep Hayer & Mrinal VoraHayer & Mrinal Vora

Partitioning and Partitioning and EmulationEmulation

OverviewOverview

How to Partition & format of DisksHow to Partition & format of Disks 3 Partitions Made Fat32 file sys used3 Partitions Made Fat32 file sys used Installation of Win98 & Linux Mandrake Installation of Win98 & Linux Mandrake

8.08.0 Installation of software on third partitionInstallation of software on third partition Implementation of emulator software in Implementation of emulator software in

LinuxLinux Implementation of VMwareImplementation of VMware

Why partition? Why partition?

You may have 2 operating systems and You may have 2 operating systems and want to load them individually.want to load them individually.

File StructureFile Structure ConvenienceConvenience in managing files in managing files

Why Not?Why Not?

Space WastageSpace Wastage BiggerBigger partitions not only waste more space partitions not only waste more space

for the same files, they waste a greaterfor the same files, they waste a greater portion of the spaceportion of the space

DiskDisk compression utilities like DoubleSpace compression utilities like DoubleSpace are more efficientare more efficient for space saving rather for space saving rather than partitioningthan partitioning

Selection of Partition SizesSelection of Partition Sizes

• We were allocated a 9.5GB Hard DiskWe were allocated a 9.5GB Hard Disk• Partition with size in mind. Partition with size in mind.

• Obviously Small files for small partitions, Obviously Small files for small partitions, Large files for large partitionsLarge files for large partitions

• 2 x 3.5GB Partitions + 2.5GB Partition.2 x 3.5GB Partitions + 2.5GB Partition.

FDISKFDISK

Program used with Microsoft to Partition Program used with Microsoft to Partition DisksDisksUse of FDISKUse of FDISK• 3 partitions3 partitions• 2 Fat32, 2 Fat32,

Last partition Done under Linux Last partition Done under Linux Mandrake 8.0 Installation (EXT2)Mandrake 8.0 Installation (EXT2)

Primary, Extended and Logical DOS Primary, Extended and Logical DOS partitionspartitionsSpecifying spaceSpecifying space

FDISKFDISK

Always BackupAlways Backup. . UUncertain about your backup ncertain about your backup hardware and softwarehardware and software??

PartitioningPartitioning

File SystemsFile Systems

• FAT32FAT32 File allocation TableFile allocation Table Very simple systemVery simple system Resides at top of volumeResides at top of volume FAT32 increases the number of bits used to FAT32 increases the number of bits used to

address clustersaddress clusters & & reduces the size of each reduces the size of each cluster. cluster.

Can Can support larger disks (up to 2 terabytes) and support larger disks (up to 2 terabytes) and better storage efficiency (less slack space). better storage efficiency (less slack space).

Fat32 EfficiencyFat32 Efficiency

Disk Size Cluster Size Efficiency

> 260meg 4K 96.6%

> 8gig 8K 92.9%

> 60gig 16K 85.8%

> 2tril 32K 73.8%

File SystemsFile Systems

Linux has a very fast file system called Linux has a very fast file system called the the Extended File System Version 2 Extended File System Version 2 (EXT2(EXT2))• More complex systemMore complex system

Goals Of EXT2Goals Of EXT2

TThe data structure should behe data structure should be recoverablerecoverable

MustMust allow for an efficient allow for an efficient implementation implementation

DDisk layout should minimize seek isk layout should minimize seek times by clustering data on disktimes by clustering data on disk

TThe disk layout should he disk layout should conserve conserve disk spacedisk space

EmulatorsEmulators

Like running a computer without Like running a computer without an operating system.an operating system.

An emulator is something that An emulator is something that duplicates the environment that an duplicates the environment that an application runs inapplication runs in

Mimics one OS within another OSMimics one OS within another OS

WINE (WindowsEmulator)WINE (WindowsEmulator)

Wine is an implementation of the Wine is an implementation of the Windows 3.x and Win32 APIs on top of Windows 3.x and Win32 APIs on top of X and UnixX and Unix

Think of Wine as a Windows Think of Wine as a Windows compatibility layercompatibility layer

How did WINE start?How did WINE start?

Started in 1993.Started in 1993. Its purpose was for Its purpose was for running Windows running Windows

3.1 programs on Linux. 3.1 programs on Linux. Bob Amstadt was the original Bob Amstadt was the original

coordinator, but turned it over fairly coordinator, but turned it over fairly early on to Alexandre Julliardearly on to Alexandre Julliard

Over the years, ports for other Unixes Over the years, ports for other Unixes have been addedhave been added

WINE FeaturesWINE FeaturesBinary Compatibility Binary Compatibility

Support for loading DOS, Windows 3.x and Win32 Support for loading DOS, Windows 3.x and Win32 binaries binaries

Support for Win16 and Win32 function calls Support for Win16 and Win32 function calls 16 and 32 bit x86 code 16 and 32 bit x86 code Large interrupt library for programs using real-Large interrupt library for programs using real-

mode INTxx calls mode INTxx calls Advanced thunking capabilities Advanced thunking capabilities Optional use of external vendor DLLs Optional use of external vendor DLLs Reverse-engineering design assures ``bug-for-bug'' Reverse-engineering design assures ``bug-for-bug''

compatibility compatibility

WINE Features Contd…WINE Features Contd…Graphics Graphics

X11-based graphics display X11-based graphics display Remote display to any X terminal Remote display to any X terminal Supports full GDI and many new features of Supports full GDI and many new features of GDI32 GDI32

Partial DirectX support for games Partial DirectX support for games Supports native Win16 printer drivers Supports native Win16 printer drivers Internal PostScript driver printing interface Internal PostScript driver printing interface Metafile driver Metafile driver Desktop-in-a-box or mixable windows Desktop-in-a-box or mixable windows

WINE Features Contd…WINE Features Contd… Other FeaturesOther Features

Good support for sound, alternative input Good support for sound, alternative input

devices devices Modems, serial devices are supported Modems, serial devices are supported Winsock TCP/IP networking Winsock TCP/IP networking ASPI Scanner support ASPI Scanner support

WINE Features Contd…WINE Features Contd…Wine API Wine API

Designed for source compatibility with Win32 code Designed for source compatibility with Win32 code Sample programs Sample programs Automatically generated API documentation Automatically generated API documentation 32-bit resource compiler 32-bit resource compiler Partial Unicode and support Partial Unicode and support Internationalisation -- Wine supports 16 languages Internationalisation -- Wine supports 16 languages Built-in debugger and configurable trace messages Built-in debugger and configurable trace messages

WINE is Windows freeWINE is Windows free

Wine does not require Microsoft Wine does not require Microsoft WindowsWindows

CConsisting of 100% Microsoft-free codeonsisting of 100% Microsoft-free code Wine comes with complete sourcesWine comes with complete sources Wine consists of over 650K lines of C Wine consists of over 650K lines of C

codecode

Requirements for WINERequirements for WINE Wine is designed to run on any x86 Wine is designed to run on any x86

Computer. Computer. A minimum of 32 MB real memory is A minimum of 32 MB real memory is

recommended recommended Wine itself as an unstripped version Wine itself as an unstripped version

needs 70 MB disk space.needs 70 MB disk space. AA minimum of 140 MB free space on minimum of 140 MB free space on

hard disk. hard disk. To compile Wine, the minimum you will To compile Wine, the minimum you will

need is 250 MB.need is 250 MB.

What does WINE consist What does WINE consist of?of?

It consists of a program loader, It consists of a program loader, which loads and executes a which loads and executes a Windows binary, and a library that Windows binary, and a library that implements Windows API calls using implements Windows API calls using their UNIX or X11 equivalents.their UNIX or X11 equivalents.

The library may also be used for The library may also be used for porting Win32 code into native UNIX porting Win32 code into native UNIX executablesexecutables

Strictly not an emulatorStrictly not an emulator

WINE stands for Wine Is Not an EmulatorWINE stands for Wine Is Not an Emulator It implements native code to the function It implements native code to the function

calls present in the Windows DLL'scalls present in the Windows DLL'sWine provides low-level binary Wine provides low-level binary

compatibility, but currently only for OScompatibility, but currently only for OS’’s s running on Intel-compatible chipsrunning on Intel-compatible chips

Wine works on most popular Intel Unixes, Wine works on most popular Intel Unixes, including Linux, FreeBSD, and Solarisincluding Linux, FreeBSD, and Solaris..

Emulators vs. WINEEmulators vs. WINE

Emulators vs. WINEEmulators vs. WINE

Why use WINE?Why use WINE?

Most application software is still Most application software is still developed to run on Windowsdeveloped to run on Windows

It helps a smooth transition for It helps a smooth transition for people switching from Windows to people switching from Windows to Linux.Linux.

Wine can use almost any filesystem Wine can use almost any filesystem that Linux can mountthat Linux can mount

Makes extensive gaming possible in Makes extensive gaming possible in linuxlinux

WINE StatusWINE Status

As of mid 2000, Wine consists of over As of mid 2000, Wine consists of over 650K lines of C code650K lines of C code

written by more than 300 developers from written by more than 300 developers from dozens of countries around the worlddozens of countries around the world

Wine is in active use by an estimated 90K Wine is in active use by an estimated 90K peoplepeople

Wine implements more than 90% of the Wine implements more than 90% of the calls in popular Windows specifications calls in popular Windows specifications such as ECMA-234 and Open32such as ECMA-234 and Open32

Still Under DevelopmentStill Under DevelopmentWINE has been released but is still WINE has been released but is still

incomplete.incomplete.Because Wine is being developed by Because Wine is being developed by

volunteers, it is difficult to predict when volunteers, it is difficult to predict when it will be ready for general release. it will be ready for general release.

But due to the much increased interest But due to the much increased interest by companies in porting apps via Wine, by companies in porting apps via Wine, Wine development is constantly getting Wine development is constantly getting more and more active. more and more active.

Expected to run more than 85% of all Expected to run more than 85% of all windows apps in 2 years time.windows apps in 2 years time.

Our WINE experience!Our WINE experience!

We had problems configuring WINEWe had problems configuring WINE Only managed to make WINE run Only managed to make WINE run

simple windows applicationssimple windows applications WINE run Notepad, Windows CD WINE run Notepad, Windows CD

Player, Calculator and other such Player, Calculator and other such small programssmall programs

Gave configuration errors when Gave configuration errors when trying to run bigger Windows trying to run bigger Windows programsprograms

VMware Family OverviewVMware Family Overview

4 Main products:4 Main products: WorkstationWorkstation ExpressExpress ESX ServerESX Server GSX ServerGSX Server

ESX ServerESX Server

Server for web serving, database, Server for web serving, database, exchange, streaming mediaexchange, streaming media

Installs without host OS, uses own Installs without host OS, uses own kernelkernel

Supports up to 8 processorsSupports up to 8 processors Supports 4 – 20 simultaneous Supports 4 – 20 simultaneous

virtual machinesvirtual machines

GSX ServerGSX Server

Server for Intranet use, Exchange, Server for Intranet use, Exchange, Application ServersApplication Servers

Installs on top of Linux/Windows Installs on top of Linux/Windows 2000/NT2000/NT

Supports up to 4 processorsSupports up to 4 processors Supports 2 – 8 virtual machinesSupports 2 – 8 virtual machines

VMware Express FeaturesVMware Express Features

Run Windows 95/98 in LinuxRun Windows 95/98 in Linux Eliminate dual booting and Eliminate dual booting and

partitioningpartitioning Use printers, scanners, modems and Use printers, scanners, modems and

devicesdevices Networking, dial-up access capabilityNetworking, dial-up access capability Support for multiple processorsSupport for multiple processors Full sound capabilityFull sound capability

Example ScreenshotExample Screenshot

How VMware Express How VMware Express WorksWorks

MultipleWorlds TechnologyMultipleWorlds Technology Software layer between Intel Software layer between Intel

architecture & OSarchitecture & OS Manages resourcesManages resources Completely independent PCCompletely independent PC

File sharingFile sharing SAMBA on Linux hostSAMBA on Linux host Each PC has own network addressEach PC has own network address

Completely Independent Completely Independent PCPC

Virtual computer does not affect Virtual computer does not affect the hostthe host

Although using same devices, Although using same devices, accesses without going through accesses without going through hosthost

If application of OS error in guest If application of OS error in guest and crash occurs, host continues and crash occurs, host continues without errorwithout error

SAMBASAMBA

Using SAMBA, able to share files between Using SAMBA, able to share files between OSOS

Files transferred between applications Files transferred between applications and guest/host through SAMBA protocol and guest/host through SAMBA protocol providing total compatibilityproviding total compatibility

Able to use applications such as Windows Able to use applications such as Windows Explorer to drag/drop to Linux desktopExplorer to drag/drop to Linux desktop

Microsoft Word can seamlessly save to Microsoft Word can seamlessly save to Linux partitionLinux partition

NetworkingNetworking

As independent PC, provides full As independent PC, provides full networking support with own network networking support with own network address, as on a real machineaddress, as on a real machine

Supports Dial-Up Networking and Supports Dial-Up Networking and LANs providing access to systems LANs providing access to systems running TCP/IP, Microsoft Networking, running TCP/IP, Microsoft Networking, Novell NetWare, Samba and NFSNovell NetWare, Samba and NFS

Installation ProcessInstallation Process

Install VMware Express on PC Install VMware Express on PC running Linuxrunning Linux

Install Windows 95/95 onto Install Windows 95/95 onto VMware’s Virtual PCVMware’s Virtual PC

Run both OS simultaneouslyRun both OS simultaneously

VMware Workstation VMware Workstation FeaturesFeatures

Run multiple OS simultaneously on 1 Run multiple OS simultaneously on 1 machinemachine

Eliminate dual booting/partitioningEliminate dual booting/partitioning Run applications from different OSRun applications from different OS Full networking, dial-up access and file Full networking, dial-up access and file

sharing supportsharing support Window and full-screen operation of Window and full-screen operation of

OSOS Suspend and resume virtual machinesSuspend and resume virtual machines

VMware Workstation VMware Workstation ScreenshotScreenshot

VMware ScreenshotVMware Screenshot

How VMware Workstation How VMware Workstation WorksWorks

MultipleWorlds TechnologyMultipleWorlds Technology

After VMware Installation, configure After VMware Installation, configure other OSother OS

Virtual DisksVirtual Disks

Undoable DisksUndoable Disks

Configuring Guest OSConfiguring Guest OS

Assign memory, disks, ports and Assign memory, disks, ports and networking for guestnetworking for guest

Power on virtual machine from Power on virtual machine from within hostwithin host

Insert boot disk for desired OS to Insert boot disk for desired OS to be installed on guestbe installed on guest

Continue installing OS through Continue installing OS through normal procedurenormal procedure

Virtual DisksVirtual Disks

Disk partitions of virtual machinesDisk partitions of virtual machines Stored as file on file system of host Stored as file on file system of host

operating systemoperating system As entire partition is 1 file, As entire partition is 1 file,

manipulation such as copy, move manipulation such as copy, move and backup is possibleand backup is possible

Also enables virtual disks to be Also enables virtual disks to be shared from a file servershared from a file server

Undoable DisksUndoable Disks

Decide whether to save or discard changes Decide whether to save or discard changes made to disk during sessionmade to disk during session

Appear as though written to disk, however Appear as though written to disk, however stored in temporary file until savedstored in temporary file until saved

When shutting down, 3 options available:When shutting down, 3 options available:Keep changes permanentlyKeep changes permanentlyIgnore changesIgnore changesKeep changes in temporary fileKeep changes in temporary file

Possible DrawbacksPossible Drawbacks

Requires powerful hardwareRequires powerful hardware Fast processor – at least 500 MHz for Fast processor – at least 500 MHz for

2 virtual machines2 virtual machines Large amount of RAM – at least 192 Large amount of RAM – at least 192

MB for 2 virtual machinesMB for 2 virtual machines Large amount of HDD spaceLarge amount of HDD space Different HDD for guest OSDifferent HDD for guest OS

No 3D graphics supportNo 3D graphics support

ConclusionConclusion

Good solution for Intel based system Good solution for Intel based system requiring multiple OS to be run requiring multiple OS to be run simultaneouslysimultaneously

VMware express cheaper solution, more VMware express cheaper solution, more limited but still useful for running limited but still useful for running Windows 9x in LinuxWindows 9x in Linux

VMware workstation extensive VMware workstation extensive capabilities for multiple applications capabilities for multiple applications including software/network testing including software/network testing across multiple platformsacross multiple platforms

RefrencesRefrences http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/1791/hd-parhttp://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/1791/hd-par

tn.tn.htmhtm

www.teleport.com/~brainy/fat32.htmwww.teleport.com/~brainy/fat32.htm support.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q154/9/97.Assupport.microsoft.com/support/kb/articles/Q154/9/97.Aspp www.easytweak.com/fat32/fat32.htmwww.easytweak.com/fat32/fat32.htm www.newlogic.co.uk/kbase/fdisk/page1.htmwww.newlogic.co.uk/kbase/fdisk/page1.htm www.winehq.comwww.winehq.com http://www.http://www.vmwarevmware.com.com   http://http://chrischris..erwayerway.org/.org/vmwarevmware//   http://www.http://www.thedukeofurlthedukeofurl

.org/reviews/misc/vmware202/index..org/reviews/misc/vmware202/index.shtmlshtml