Methods and Tools for Effective Kwnoledge Life Cycle Managment

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Methods and Tools

for Effective Knowledge Life-Cycle-Management


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Alain Bernard Serge Tichkiewitch

Editors

Methods and Tools

for Effective Knowledge

Life-Cycle-Management

1 3


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Professor Alain Bernard

Ecole Centrale de NantesIRCCyN, CNRS, UMR 6597

1 rue de la No

44321 Nantes Cedex 03France

[email protected]

Professor Serge Tichkiewitch

Grenoble Institute of TechnologyLaboratoire G-SCOP

46 Avenue Flix Viallet

38031 Grenoble Cedex 1France

[email protected]

ISBN 978-3-540-78430-2 e-ISBN 978-3-540-78431-9

DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-78431-9

Library of Congress Control Number: 20089222196

2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is

concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broad-

casting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this

publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of

September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permissions for use must always be obtained from

Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not

imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant pro-

tective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Cover design:F. Steinen-Broo, eStudio Calamar, Spain

Printed on acid-free paper

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

springer.com


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v

Preface

Knowledge Management is a wide, critical and strategic issue for all the compa-

nies, from the SMEs to the most complex organizations. The key of competitive-

ness is knowledge, because of the necessity of reactivity, flexibility, agility and

innovation capacities. Knowledge is difficult to measure itself but what is visible,

this is the way of improving products, technologies and enterprise organizations.

During the last four years, based on the experience of most of the best experts

around the World, CIRP (The International Academy for Production Engineering)

has decided to prepare and structure a Network of Excellence (NoE) proposal. TheEuropean Community accepted to found the VRL-KCiP (Virtual Research Labo-

ratory Knowledge Community in Production). As its name indicates it, the aim

of this NoE was really to build a Knowledge Community in Production . This

was possible and realistic because the partners were representative of the most

important universities in Europe and also because of strong partnerships with

laboratories far from Europe (Japan, Australia, South Africa, USA, etc).

Based on such powerful partnership, the main issue was to help European

manufacturing industry to define and structure the strategic knowledge in order to

face the strategic worldwide challenges.Manufacturing in Europe currently has two essential aspects:

1. It has to be knowledge intensive given the European demands for high-tech

products and services (e.g. electronics, medicines).

2. Given the relatively high labor costs compared to developing countries, manu-

facturing processes in Europe require high levels of expertise to realize innova-

tion with a very high productivity.

Consequently in Europe, knowledge management (KM) and more widely

Knowledge Life-cycle Management (KLCM) has become a major issue in acade-mia and industry in the last 30 years, and it is recognized that the knowledge issue

is important for a firms manager as well as for an operational work.

This book helps to understand what is knowledge, why knowledge is one of the

most strategic issues of the future manufacturing competitiveness, mainly based


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vi Preface

on high level technologies and very innovative products and how to capitalize

knowledge.

The collective experience that contributed to the elaboration of this book is

unique because it is based on 34 contributions, very complementary, very repre-

sentative of Knowledge Life-Cycle Management state and issues.

The knowledge map of the consortium has been built and is the base of an effi-

cient collaboration within the NoE. The use of conceptual maps for competencies

mapping and knowledge formalization in a Virtual Lab is also one of the contribu-

tions of the book. The fundamental knowledge and knowledge management con-

cepts are described. In particular, the benefit of networks of expertise is high-

lighted and mainly knowledge sharing between multi-cultural communities.

Ontology constitutes the base of knowledge formalization and mapping with re-

spect to the different points of view. Knowledge integration mechanisms within

the extended enterprise and more over the value chain, depending on context char-acteristics, are also described and illustrated, through methods, tools and experi-

ences. Concrete experiences are described and commented, mainly for product,

process and resource description and management along the life-cycle of me-

chanical systems. The role of knowledge life-cycle management and of documents

in supporting a radical innovation project is also highlighted. Experience feed-

backs are described about knowledge engineering approaches for design, manu-

facturing, and more generally for enterprise engineering. Several case studies are

also provided in design and manufacturing fields, and also related to European

level manufacturing knowledge sharing.The specific context given by the VRL-KCiP NoE community involved in the

realization of this book constitutes the main original value-added of this book.

This means that this book is unique because it is based on a theoretical and practi-

cal experience of the authors who are for most of them members of the CIRP, the

best referenced International Academy in Production Engineering.

We hope that you will enjoy this book and have a maximum benefit of it.

The co-editors,Alain BERNARD, Serge TICHKIEWITCH


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Content

Part 1 KM Needs and Concepts

1.1

What Is Knowledge?

1.1.1

From Data to Knowledge

An Overview on Knowledge Management .......................................... 3

S. Ammar-Khodja, A. Bernard

1.1.2

What is Knowledge Management

Manufacturing Knowledge Work: The European Perspective ............. 23

F. Wijnhoven

1.2

Networks of Expertise

1.2.1

Knowledge Sharing

Social Needs for Knowledge Sharing

Building a Knowledge Share Culture in a Virtual Organization.

Case Study for VRL-KCiP NoE........................................................... 45

A. Draghici, G. Draghici

Influence of Multi-Culturality in Virtual Teams .................................. 61

A. Draghici

1.2.2

Knowledge Integration

Web Tools for Knowledge Integration

A Web and Virtual Reality Based Paradigm

for Collaborative Management and Verification

of Design Knowledge........................................................................... 91

G. Chryssolouris, D. Mavrikios, M. Pappas

Knowledge Management in the Virtual Enterprise:

Web Based Systems for Electronic Manufacturing.............................. 107

G. Chryssolouris, S. Makris, D. Mourtzis, N. Papakostas


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EDEN ............................................................................................... 127

D. Kotze, W. Uys, N. Du Preez

Contextual issue of knowledge integration

Misunderstandings in Global Virtual Engineering Teams:Definitions, Causes, and Guidelines

for Knowledge Sharing and Interaction ............................................... 145

M. Lewkowicz, F. Wijnhoven, A. Draghici

A Knowledge Network Approach Supporting the Value Chain............ 159

N. Du Preez, L. Louw, E. Lutters

Knowledge Mapping

Formulating an Expertise Map in the VRL-KCiP................................ 169

G. Molcho

Representation and Navigation Techniques

for Semi-Structured Knowledge in Collaborating Communities ......... 185

Z. Kemny, G. Erds, J. Vncza

The Use of Conceptual Maps for Competencies Mapping

and Knowledge Formalization in a Virtual Lab ................................... 213

G. Chryssolouris, D. Mavrikios, S. Xeromerites, K. Georgoulias

Production Paradigms Ontology (PPO):

a Response to the Need of Managing Knowledgein High-Tech Manufacturing................................................................ 227

A. M. Paci, M. S. Chiacchio, C. Lalle

Part 2 KM Models, Methods and Tools

2.1

Design Product Oriented Models

Compatibility Knowledge in Fuzzy Front End..................................... 243

J. Hohenegger, A. Bufardi, P. Xirouchakis

Development of a Conceptual Reference Framework to Manage

Manufacturing Knowledge Related to Products, Processes

and Production Systems ....................................................................... 259

M. Colledani, W. Terkaj, T. Tolio, M. Tomasella

FBS-PPRE, an Enterprise Knowledge Lifecycle Model ...................... 285

M. Labrousse, A. Bernard

Knowledge Management for Industrial Heritage................................... 307

F. Laroche, A. Bernard, M. Cotte

2.2

Design Process Oriented Models

The Role of Knowledge Management

in Supporting a Radical Innovation Project.......................................... 331

B. Katz, N. Du Preez


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Content ix

Improved Utilisation of Organisational Documents

Using a Conceptual Framework ........................................................... 347

W. Uys, E. Uys, E. Lutters, N. Du Preez

Applications of Knowledge Engineering Approaches for Design........ 363

N. Matta, L. Zaher

Generation of Design Knowledge from Product Life Cycle Data........ 375

A. Bufardi, D. Kiritsis, P. Xirouchakis

Reference Architectures as Knowledge Management Tools Guiding

and Supporting Enterprise Engineering................................................ 391

N. Du Preez, L. Louw, H. Essmann, C. Grov, L. van der Walt

Knowledge Networks, Methods and Tools Analysis

for Information Validity: Case Study Feed Back................................. 415N. Perry, A. Candlot

Part 3 Case in Manufacturing Knowledge Management

3.1

Case Studies in Design

Knowledge Management in a Virtual Lab

Collaborative Training Project:

A Mini-Formula Student Car Design ................................................... 435

G. Chryssolouris, D. Mourtzis, P. Stavropoulos, D. Mavrikios,J. Pandremenos

Case Study in Design: Generation of Design Knowledge

for Vehicle Sub-frames

Based on Finite Element Simulation.................................................... 447

H. Long, A. Fanourakis, P. Oliver

A Pragmatic Approach to Knowledge Management

in an Engineering Design SME ............................................................ 463

C. Beylier, F. Pourroy, F. VilleneuveCapitalization and Reuse of Forging Knowledge

in Integrated Design ............................................................................. 479

S. Tichkiewitch

3.2

Case Studies in Manufacturing

Case Study, USIQUICK Project: Methods to Capitalise

and Reuse Knowledge in Process Planning.......................................... 487

A. Candlot, N. Perry, A. Bernard, S. Ammar-Khodja

Knowledge Management in Manufacturing Process Modeling:Case Studies in Selected Manufacturing Processes.............................. 507

G. Chryssolouris, N. Papakostas, D. Mourtzis, S. Makris


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Knowledge Management Paradigms in Selected Manufacturing

Case Studies ......................................................................................... 521

G. Chryssolouris, D. Mourtzis, N. Papakostas, Z. Papachatzakis,

S. Xeromerites

3.3

The VRL-KCiP: Cases in European-Level

Manufacturing Knowledge Sharing

Process Design Theory for Digital Information Services..................... 533

F. Wijnhoven

The VRL-KCiP Software Demonstration and Exchange Platform

An Example for Web-Based Knowledge Management

and Representation ............................................................................... 547

L. Aldinger, J. Westermann, E. Westkmper

A Basic Knowledge Management System for the VRL-KCiP............. 559

G. Molcho, R. Schneor, D. Bossin

Contacts and Appointments Manager: VRLshepherd .......................... 579

C. Kind, O. Arpinar, A. Finnah, B. Schmidt

Methods and Tools for Effective Kwnoledge Life Cycle Managment

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