Method Notes
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Transcript of Method Notes
8/16/2019 Method Notes
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/method-notes 1/1
Formative evaluation uses evaluation methods to improve the way a program is
delivered. At the other end of this continuum is summative evaluation, which
measures program outcomes and impacts during ongoing operations or after
program completion.
The most common qualitative data collection methods are interviews other than
highly structured interviews, focus groups, and participant observation. Open -ended responses to survey questions can provide qualitative data as well. The most
common sources of quantitative data are administrative records and structured
surveys conducted via Internet and mail. i!ed - method approaches in evaluation
are very common, and that means that both quantitative and qualitative data are
used, and quantitative and qualitative data collection methods are used in
combination.
"hen ma#ing causal inferences, evaluators must measure several elements$
• The timing of the outcomes, to ensure that observed outcomes occurred after
the program was implemented
• The e!tent to which the changes in outcomes occurred after the program was
implemented
• The presence of confounding factors$ that is, factors that could also have
a%ected desired outcomes
It can be very di& cult to draw causal inferences. It may be desirable to use terms
such as plausible attribution when drawing conclusions about the e%ects of
programs on intended behaviors.