Sci Method Matter Notes Stud Version

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ChemistryChapter 2

Properties of Matter



MCAS Learning Standards (2006)

1. Properties of Matter

Broad Concept : Physical and chemical

properties reflect the nature of theinteractions between molecules or atoms

and can be used to classify and describe

matter.




± Identify and explain physical properties

(such as density, melting point, boiling

point, conductivity, and malleability) and

chemical properties (such as the ability to

form new substances). Distinguish between

chemical and physical changes.




± Explain the difference between pure

substances (elements and compounds) and

mixtures. Differentiate between

heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures.

± Describe the three normal states of matter

(solid, liquid, gas) in terms of energy,

particle motion, and phase transitions.



Introduction to Chemistry

Chemistry ±

the ³centralscience´



Scientific Method

1. Observation

2.

3. Create hypothesis to answer questions4.

5. Conclude results from experiment (may lead to

more experiments)

6.

7. Theory developed to explain Law



Theories vs. Laws

Scientific Definitions:

Natural Law:

Scientific Theory:

does not become law even with additionalevidence

not all scientific laws have accompanyingtheories



Study Buddy Discussion

Describe how each

step of the scientific

method was modeled

in the lava lamp

demonstration.



Matter

Anything that

takes up _____

and has ______



The States of Matter

SOLID LIQUID

GAS PLASMA



States of Matter

State of Matter Volume Shape

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Plasma



Changes in State

Name of Transitions

between states of matter:

Mostly obtained by heating or cooling (add

or remove energy)



Properties of Matter

Physical Properties

Examples:

± Density

± Color ± Melting Point

Chemical Properties

FUNDAMENTALLY CH ANGED

Examples: ± Flammability



Study Buddy Review

Classify each as a physical or chemical property of matter :

Blue Color

Ability to Rust

Density

Flammability

Reacts with a base to form water

Boiling Point Reacts with water to form a gas

Luster

Mass

Odor



Significance of Physical

Properties Help to identify a substance

E

xamples: ±Density

±Melting Point

±Boiling Point



Changes in Matter

Physical Changes

Do NOT alter the identity

of the substance

Examples:

Chemical Changes

Alters the substance¶s

identity

Examples:



Law of Conservation of Energy

Law of Conservation of Energy:

Energy: the capacity to do work or produce heat Common forms of energy:

Measured in calories or Joules (SI unit)

1 calorie = 4.184 Joules



Law of Conservation of Matter

Conservation of Matter :

A chemical change is a really chemical reaction

4 Fe + 3 O2 2 Fe2O3

Reactants products Antoine Lavoisier :

± Made accurate and precise measurementsduring chemical reactions



Pure Substances

Have constant

composition Cannot be separated

by physical change



Elements



Compounds

Can be separated into

elements by chemical

change Types: covalent or ionic

http://cwis.nyu.edu/ pages/mathmol/modules/water /water.html



Mixtures

Heterogeneous or Homogeneous

Can be separated by

physical change Separation Techniquesdepend on type of mixture



Heterogeneous Mixtures

Can be separated by

physical means like

filtration



Homogeneous Mixtures

Can be separated by

physical means likedistillation,

crystallization or

chromatography http://lorien.ncl.ac.uk /ming/distil/distil0.htm



Separation Techniques

Heterogeneous

Homogeneous

http://lorien.ncl.ac.uk /ming/distil/distil0.htm



Which is it?

ElementCompoundMixture



Reference:

Mrs. Hogan

Ms. Manes

Prentice Hall Chemistry: Connections toOur ChangingWorld

http://www.cottonchemistry.bizland.com/c

hem/chemnotes1.htm

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