Metamodel Framework for Ontology

2004 Open Forum for eBusiness and Metadata Technology Standardization

Metamodel Framework for Ontology

Keqing He, Yixin Jing, Yangfan He

State Key Laboratory of Software Engineering

Wuhan University [email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]


Content

1. Introduction of ISO/IEC WG32 Subject MMFI

2. Introduction of Metamodel Framework for Ontology

3. MMF for Ontology Definition

4. Future works


Introduction of ISO/IEC WG32 Subject 19763

-----------Metamodel Framework Interoperability


Intention

• Various types of metamodels spreading all over domains

ebXML Registry, UDDI, 11179 Registry……

• Confliction brings obstacle to communication and exchange between different information resources

• The lack of standardization to specify common bases for consistent development and registration of metamodels


Intention

Registering and sharing of various type of the modeling constructs such as models, ontologies, Identification scheme, Metadata or Mapping transformation rules, rather than standardizing the defining scheme for the modeling constructs.


Registry Federation with Metamodel Framework


Abstraction Layer where MMF Resides in

Pattern :

Universe of Discourse

Modeling Constructs

Stereotype :

Template:

MetamodelMetaModel

Metamodel

Modeling Facility

M3

M2

M1

M0

ModelModel

ModelModel

Model

Metamodel Framework


Metamodel Framework Architecture

Metamodel Framework for Ontology

Metamodel Framework for Mapping

Metamodel Framework for Modeling Constructs

Core Model

MOF 11179 MDR

Metamodel Framework


Overviews of Working Draft

Part-2 :

Metamodel framework core model

Part-3:

Metamodel framework for Ontology

Part-4:

Metamodel framework for model mapping

Part-5:

Metamodel framework for Model Constructs

Part-6:

Registration Procedure

Part-1: Reference Model(MOF & 11179-3)


Introduction of Metamodel Framework for Ontology


Problem to be addressed

• Since ontology describing tools among different developers don’t adopt the same way outlining how an ontology structure is organized, the interoperability between them is blocked

• MDR by far doesn’t support ontology metadata registry, while ontology data rising rapidly on internet


Problem to be addressed

• Core model has enhanced model registry facility, but not particularly designed for ontology


Core Model ---foundation of our work

MOF



DataEl ement

DataEl ementConcept

1

0. . n

+expressi ng

+expresed by

Conceptual Domai n

10. . n

+speci f yi ng+havi ng

Val ueDomai n

10. . n

+repreent i ng+represented by

1

0. . n

+represented by

+represent i ng

10. . n 1

0. . n

10. . n

1

0. . n

11179-3


DataElement(MDR から)

DataElementConcept(MDR から)

ValueDomain(MDR から)

ConceptualDomain(MDR から)

Namespace(MOF1.4 から)

TypedElement(MOF1.4 から)

ModelAssociationEnd

ModelReference

+referencedEnd

+referent

reforeTo

+exposedEnd

+referre

/exposed

ModelAssociation

ModelCollaboration ModelCommponent ModelFramework

Package(MOF1.4 から)

ModelPattern ModelStereotype

Classifier(MOF1.4 から)

ModelConcept

ModelSelection

1

0..n

+expressed by1

+expressing0..n

ModelInstance

10..n+representing

1+represented by

0..n

ModelDomain

10..n

+specifying

1

+having

0..n1

0..n

+governed by

1

+governing

0..n

ModelConstruct

0..n

1

+having0..n

+owned by1

IsOfInstance

ModelProfile

ModelClassifier

+modelType

+typedModel

IsOfType

ModelElement(MOF1.4 から)

Reference(MOF1.4 から)

ModelCodedValue


MOF

11179-3

CoreModeloverlap


Ontology Representation Manners

• OWL --- a revision of the DAML+OIL web ontology language incorporating lessons learned from the design and application of DAML+OIL.

• CG, KIF

X M L

R D F

R D F S

DAML+OIL + computed classes, equivalence, etc.

+ subclasses/subproperties

+ object graph structure

syntax

extends


RDF Class Hierarchy


DAML+OIL MetamodelisOfType

rdfs:Resource

ObjectProperty

DatatypeProperty

daml:Class

daml:List

daml:Ontology

daml:Thing

rdf:Property

rdfs:Class

rdfs:rangeSlot

OntologyConstruct

rdfs:domain

daml:Cardinality

daml:equivalentTo

daml:toClass


Ontology Definition Metamodel(ODM)

•Status: OMG’s RFP

•Start point of ODM is OWL

•ODM is MOF-compliant


MMF for Ontology Definition


OntoConceptDomain

•OntoConceptDomain defines the concept boundary of ontology, identifying the universe of discourse

•It resides in mind, and is a collection of concept domain items, named OntoConcept (introduced later)

•It is independent of representation

Biology OntoConceptDomain


OntoConcept

<OntoConceptDomain>Biology

Animal

Plant

Virus

having

OntoConcept


OntoConcept<continued>

• OntoConcept is a metaclass identifying a namespace of ontologies to distinct OntoSelection(introduced later)

• The instance of a OntoConcept is a set of OntoConcept Items, which are expressed by OntoSelection

• It is also independent of representation


OntoConcept<continued>

Web

having same concept

Mapping

Ontology Meta-model Framework-OntoConcept

complying with complying with

Disordered Information

Well-formed OntologyExpressed in manner A

Well-formed OntologyExpressed in manner B


OntoConceptDomain & OntoConcept


OntoInstance

<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID=“Eat"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#carnivore" /> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Animal" /> </owl:ObjectProperty>

OWL

EatCarnivore AnimalC G-(DF)

OntoInstance

expressed by

<OntoConceptDomain>Biology

(Eat [Carnivore] [Animal])

C G I F


OntoInstance<continued>

• OntoInstance is a specification of a particular ontology concept domain

• OntoInstances are governed by Onto-ConceptDomain and designate values of OntoConceptDomain

• OntoInstance is represented by various of approaches, such as OWL, CG, KIF etc.


OntoInstance<continued>


OntoExpression

• OntoExpression is the meta definition of approach through which OntoInstance specify a OntoConceptDomain.

• OntoExpression is independent of ontology domain.

• OntoExpression defines most general concept appearing in ontology.


OntoExpression<continued>

• OntoExpression defines the meta concept which we want to register in system, including terms and relationship between them.

• While defining OntoExpression, we reference to ODM, because we hope to accept various ontology expressions as many as possible


OntoExpression Packages

OntoKernel

OntoPropertyOntoClass

OntoIndividualOntology

Data


OntoKernel-Example

Comment

Biology

Animal

Plantliving organism that is not an animal, which grows in the earth and usually has a stem, leaves and roots

Ontology

OntologyConstruct AnnotationProperty


OntoKernel Package DiagramThis package define basic element in a ontology


Ontology - Example

Biology

Animal

Plant

Furniture Manufactory

Paint

Materials

TreeWoodGrass

Treeimport

OntologyProperty

A B


Ontology Package DiagramThis package define relationship between ontologies


OntoClass - Example

MaleFemale

Dad

Parent

Father

Human Beings

sub-of

intersectionOfdisjointWith

equivalentWith

OntologyClass

OntologyClassRelation


OntoClass Package Diagram

This package define class in ontology


OntoProperty-Example

DatatypeProperty ObjectProperty


OntoProperty Package Diagram This package define 2 kinds of property in ontology


OntoIndividual Package DiagramThis package define individual appearing in ontology

•Class extension of Thing is the set of all individuals. Every class is a subclass of Thing.

•Class extension of Nothing is the empty set. Nothing is the subclass of every class.


OntoSelection

OntoConcept

<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID=“Eat"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Carnivore" /> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Animal" /> </owl:ObjectProperty>

<owl:Class rdf:ID=“Cat"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource=“#Carnivore" /> </owl:Class>

<owl:Class rdf:ID=“Mouse"> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource=“#Animal" /> </owl:Class>

Cat eat mouse

OntoInstance(by OWL)

OntoSelection(by OWL)

<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID=“Eat"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Cat" /> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Mouse" /> </owl:ObjectProperty>


OntoSelection

• OntoSelection designate a selection from the OntoInstance based on user requirement, corresponding to the OntoConcept

• An instance of the OntoSelection is a concrete OntoInstance that is a value of the OntoConceptDomain related to the specific OntoConcept


OntoSelection RegistryOntoSelection

BOntoSelection

A

Animal Plant …

By OWL

By CG

OntoConceptOntoInstance


Overview of MMF for OntologyModelDomain(from Core)

OntoConceptDomain

OntoInstance

ModelInstance(from Core)

OntoExpression

ModelConstruct(from Core)

OWLExpression CGExpression

inherit

OntoSelection0..n0..n

0..n

1

1

1

OntoConcept1 1

0..n

0..n


Future Work

• Adjust with the change of Core Model• Study the registry of ontology not only on

different expression, but on different aspects, such as up-level ontology, process ontology

• This presentation is primary idea of new version of draft. Completed draft would be finished in near future

Metamodel Framework for Ontology

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