Metali-fizičke osobine
Transcript of Metali-fizičke osobine
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Jelena MucićNastavnik hemijeOŠ”Jovan Dučić”Beograd
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• Bakar se još pre 4000 godina upotrebljavao u Mesopotamiji i Egiptu
• 2500.600god pne - BRONZANO DOBA
• 1000 god pne – gvožđe, meteoritskog porekla
GVOZDENO DOBA
Istorija metala
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Zauzimaju ¾ periodnog sistema
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I grupa – alkalni metaliII grupa – zemnoalkalni metaliIII-XII - prelazni metaliOstali
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FIZIČKE OSOBINE
• Na TS svi su u čvrstom agregatnom stanju, osim žive koja je tečna
TT galijuma= 300c TT osmijuma= 34220c
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FIZIČKE OSOBINE
• Boja – metalno siva, osim što je zlato-žuto, a bakar-crven• Metalni sjaj
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• Dobri provodnici električne struje i toplote
FIZIČKE OSOBINE
Najbolji provodnici Ag, Cu, Au, Al..
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• Neki imaju magnetna svojstva – Fe, Co, Ni
FIZIČKE OSOBINE
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• Mogu se mehanički obrađivati – kovati, razvlačiti u žice, listove
FIZIČKE OSOBINE
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• Metali se u zavisnosti od gustine dele na:• lake < 5 g/cm3 teške > 5 g/cm3
FIZIČKE OSOBINE
(Os- 22,6 g/cm3 )(Li- 0,5 g/cm3 )
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Štetnost teških metala
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• Metali se prema tvrdoći dele na:• meke (cezijum)• tvrde (hrom)
FIZIČKE OSOBINE
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• U elementarnom stanju: samo Au, Hg, Fe - meteoritskog porekla
• U obliku jedinjenja: svi ostali Mineali – čvrste supstance kristalne strukture
određenog hemijskog sastava nastala geološkin procesima
Rude - smeša različitih minerala
Nalaženje
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• U Zemljinoj koriod metala najzastuplje-niji je aluminijum
Nalaženje
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• Obnoviti jonsku vezu
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