MELTING AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC

FLOOR TILE GLAZES

Nikoletta PUSKÁS

Dr. László A. GÖMZE

University of Miskolc, Department of Ceramics and Silicate Engineering

microCAD 2006

Miskolc

16-17 March 2006

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Introduction

There is a big competition in the floor tile There is a big competition in the floor tile marketmarket

Continuous developments are necessaryContinuous developments are necessary

Comparing of glazes with different compositions Find a way to develop better coatings than

present used

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Materials – Compositions

Glazes Materials

Componentsm%

I. II. III. IV. V. VI.

CaO 9 3 10 6 11 3

Al2O3 15 20 18 23 22 22

SiO2 50 53 54 55 46 63

ZnO 14 8 8 6 8 5

Na2O 9 9 4 8 10 0

Other oxides 3 7 6 2 3 7

Substrate Oxides MgO Al2O3 SiO2 K2O Fe2O3 Na2O

m % 1 23 68 3 3 2

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Materials – Technology

Densities of glaze suspensions: 1: 1350 g/l 2: 1500 g/l

Firing temperature: 1220 °C

Dipping

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Testing methods –Wear resistance

SiC powder

78,5 m wearing

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Results – Wear resistance

1500 g/l Sign of glazes

Original heigh

t

Original weigh

tWorn height

78,5 mWorn weight

78,5 m

  (mm) (g) (mm) (g)

I 7 17,97 6,7625 17,91

II 6,795 17,505 6,706 17,395

III 7,02 18,025 6,8 17,955

IV 7,081 17,9 7,0125 17,87

V 7,06 17,96 7,0185 17,91

VI 7,18 18,17 7,0675 18,055

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Testing methods – Microhardness measurement

Applied loading force: 1 N

Time of loading: 10 sec

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Results – Microhardness

Sign of glazes (HVM)

I 550

II 683

III 727

IV 567

V 646

VI 662

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Testing methods – Hot stage microscopy

Melting Wetting

Heating: about 20 °C/min Ar atmosphere

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Testing methods – Hot stage microscopy - Melting

Photos made on different temperatures show the process of softening and melting

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Testing methods – Hot stage microscopy - Wetting

Possibilities:Wetting (<90°)Non wetting (>90°)Perfect wetting (=0°)

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Results – Hot stage microscopy - Melting

21 1125 1200 (°C)

1210 1240 1260 (°C)

1300 (°C)

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Results – Hot stage microscopy - Melting

I. II. III.

IV. V. VI.

1300 °C

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Results – Hot stage microscopy - Wetting

V.

VI.

1300 °CComponents

m%V. VI.

CaO 11 3

Al2O3 22 22

SiO2 46 63

ZnO 8 5

Na2O 10 0

Other oxides 3 7

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Conclusions

6 type of floor tile glezes were compared, examined6 type of floor tile glezes were compared, examined.. The III. signed glaze has the best mechanical properties, The III. signed glaze has the best mechanical properties,

although the IV. signed glaze lost less from weigh during although the IV. signed glaze lost less from weigh during wearing.wearing.

On the basis of the hot stage microscopy the V. signed glaze On the basis of the hot stage microscopy the V. signed glaze has the best melting and wetting properties, and the VI. has the best melting and wetting properties, and the VI. signed glaze has the worst properties. signed glaze has the worst properties.

The III. signed glaze has good mechanical and melting The III. signed glaze has good mechanical and melting properties as well. properties as well. This composition can be a way to This composition can be a way to develop better glaze coatings than present used.develop better glaze coatings than present used.

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Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry

Department of Mechanical Department of Mechanical TechnologyTechnology

Acknowledgement

Many thanks for your attention!

Nikoletta PUSKÁSDr. László A. GÖMZE

femniki@uni-miskolc.hufemgomze@uni-miskolc.hu