Megger - Substation overview

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Megger - Substation overview

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170 product groups, 2600 products

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MEGGER Insulation testers, fibre optic testing MULTI-AMP Circuit breaker test tests BIDDLE High voltage test sets AVO Multimeters,Training, software DUCTER Ohm meters FOSTER Oil test sets STATES Terminal blocks METROSONICS Critical systems monitoring PROGRAMMA Relay/ Circuit Breaker/ Battery Testing PAX DIAGNOSTIC Transformer, Insulation Products

Megger Brand Names

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IEC 61850 STANDARD IN SUBSTATION AUTOMATION

Main purpose of the standard is to achieve interoperability among different devices from different vendors within the same substation.

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What is Substation Automation?

We need to know what we are talking about, in order to understand what needs to be standardized.

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THE POWER SUBSTATIONIn a substation there are Primary Equipments:

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THE POWER SUBSTATION

The Primary equipments in the Substation need to be ”controlled”.

The word CONTROL in a substation has nothing to do with Process Control, where the word CONTROL is usually associated to ”feedback systems”:

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THE POWER SUBSTATIONBusbar change. Load is on Busbar 2

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THE POWER SUBSTATIONBusbar change. Connecting Busbar 1 to Busbar 2

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THE POWER SUBSTATIONBusbar change: Connecting the Feeders to Busbar 1

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THE POWER SUBSTATIONBusbar change: Disconnecting feeders from Busbar 2

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THE POWER SUBSTATIONBusbar change: Disconecting Busbar 2 from the system

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THE POWER SUBSTATIONBusbar change. Busbar 1 in service

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THE POWER SUBSTATIONOne very simple interlocking: Earthing Switch and DisconnectorI can OPEN / CLOSE the Disconnector ONLY if the Earthing Switch is OPEN.If the Earthing Switch is CLOSED I cannot operate the Disconnector.

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THE POWER SUBSTATIONEARTHING SWITCH CLOSED

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THE POWER SUBSTATIONEARTHING SWITCH OPEN

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THE INTERLOCKING SYSTEM

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A Local Action (open/close) may require:THE INTERLOCKING SYSTEM

Remote information (from different bays)Local information (from the same bay)

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THE IEC 61850 INTERLOCKING SYSTEM

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CONTROL / INTERLOCKING in an IEC 61850 substation

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IEC 61850 Standard

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THE POWER SUBSTATIONIn a substation there are Primary Equipments…..

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THE POWER SUBSTATION… that must be protected.

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THE PROTECTION RELAYS

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The circuit breaker opens and interrupts the fault current. The relay sees no fault conditions anymore and it resets. Circuit breaker remains open, the fault has been cleared.

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THE PROTECTION SYSTEM

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THE PROTECTION SYSTEMRadial Feeders: No communication

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THE PROTECTION SYSTEMRadial Feeders: Communication

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PROTECTION signals (Trip, Block, Acceleration..) are sent through the station bus.Horizontal communication

IEC 61850 APPLICATION: PROTECTION

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GOOSE = Generic Object Oriented System Event.Is an unacknowledged multicast message that is repeated with a certain strategy allowing the supervision of the Horizontal Communication.

GOOSE communication for PROTECTION and CONTROL

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GOOSE or Contact (Conventional) ?

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IEC 61850 Standard

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Proprietary communication protocols were / are still available.Handling correctly all protocols was and is still a challenge

”BEFORE standardisation”: REPORTING TO SCADA / RTU

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”BEFORE”: PROTOCOL CONVERTERS / IMPLEMENTATIONS

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IEDs from different vendors can exchange and use information over a common communications media. No need to have protocol converters.Reporting: Vertical Communication.

IEC 61850 APPLICATION: REPORTING TO SCADA / RTU

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IEC 61850 APPLICATION: SCADA/RTU COMMUNICATION

The communication between SCADA / RTU and the IEDsis defined in the IEC 61850 standard (MMS / FTP).

Data exchanged can be:

• Control (operating primary objects)• Log• Reporting of events• Disturbance Files Upload

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IEC 61850 Standard

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IEC 61850: NETWORK TOPOLOGY

The data traffic runs on Ethernet, 100 Mbit/s.

This means that in the IEC 61850 substation there are Ethernet switches.

Protection and Control signals are dependent on the correct functionality of the communication system, which has in the Ethernet switches one of its most important factors.

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IEC 61850: NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Star

Ring

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IEC 61850 Standard

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IEDs and Substations are described through XML files.The “IEC 61850 language used in the XML files” is called SCL language.

SCL: Substation Configuration Language.

IEC 61850: The SCL language

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IEC 61850: The SCL language (IED Modelling)

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Bay A Bay Unit (IED)

PTRC (Trip, Operate)

IEC 61850: The SCL language (IED modelling)

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Bay Unit (IED)


SCLBay A


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Bay Unit (IED)


SCLBay A


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Bay Unit (IED)

PTRC (Trip, Operate)SCL

Bay A


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SCLSCLIEC 61850: The SCL language (IED modelling)

It is possible to “structure” the Logical Nodes, and group them under different Logical Devices.The “rules” of this structure are described in the XML file.

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The SCL file also describes what the IED can do (services). In this case it seems that the IED cannot offer upload of disturbance recorder file, as the “FileHandling Service” is not listed:

IEC 61850: Services (IED modelling)

While this IED allows to upload the disturbance recorder files (FileHandling Service” is listed):

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Depending on the information they carry, there are different types of SCL files:

ICD (IED Capability Description)CID (Configured IED Description)SCD (Substation Configuration Description)

SSD (System Specification Description)

IID (Instantiated IED Description)SED (System Exchange Description)

IEC 61850: Different SCL files

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IEC 61850 Standard

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IEC 61850: Engineering Process

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An IEC 61850 substation is described by one special SCL file, called SCD file (Substation Configuration Description).


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There are software tools that can extract engineering information from the SCD file and represent them in a comfortable way to the user:

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IEC 61850: Engineering ProcessREPORTING Vertical Communication

All the IEC 61850 devices (IEDs) describe themselves withhelp of the SCL language.

SCL information from all IEDs are integrated into theIEC 61850 Engineering Tool.

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The SCADA system is also IEC 61850 compliant, and it can read the SCD files understanding how the substation looks like, which IEDs are present and which information they send to the SCADA system .

SCADA / RTU Vertical Communication

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GOOSE Horizontal Communication

In the SCL file there is written which IED talks to which IED.The standard messages among IEDs in the same substation are called

GOOSE messages (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event).GOOSE messages can contain protection application information (TRIP, Block etc.).

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The IEC 61850 Engineering Tool

One IEC 61850 Engineering Tool is in principle a “software that handles SCL files”.

The initial SCL files are provided by the IED vendor software tools, and they are called ICD files (IED Capability Description).

The ICD files are imported in the IEC 61850 Engineering TOOL and GOOSE – Reporting information are added for each IED, creating the so called SCD file (Substation Configuration Description).

The SCD file is then exported from the Engineering Tool. IED vendor tools will import that file and will download in the IEDs the IEC 61850 information that are written in the SCD files.

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IEC 61850:Engineering Process

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IEC 61850: Engineering Tools

Documentation

The SCD file describes the substation in IEC 61850 language (SCL).The IEC 61850 tool is able to elaborate such information and to show it in human readable format, like a PDF file.

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IEC 61850: Engineering Tools

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IEC 61850 Standard

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PROCESS BUS

Sampled Values(SV)9-2

Merging Units (MU)

IEC 61850-9-2NCITPROCESS

BUS

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FULLY IEC 61850 SUBSTATION

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THE RELAY

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Replacement of BO cards

GOOSE OUT

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Replacement of BI cards

GOOSE OUT

GOOSE IN

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GOOSE OUT

GOOSE IN

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THE IEC 61850-8-1 IED

GOOSE IN GOOSE OUT

IEC 61850-8-1 Station Bus

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Replacement of analog cards + A/D conversion

GOOSE IN GOOSE OUT


SAMPLED VALUES (SV)

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GOOSE IN GOOSE OUT


SAMPLED VALUES

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THE FULLY IEC 61850 COMPLIANT IED

GOOSE IN GOOSE OUT


SAMPLED VALUES

IEC 61850-9-2Process Bus

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WHERE ARE THE SAMPLED VALUES COMING FROM?

SAM

PLED

VA

LUES

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Merging Units

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Merging Units

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IEC 61850 Standard

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IEC 61850 Standard

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IEC 61850: TESTING

How do we test all of this?

How do we test the Network Topology (Switches)?

How do we test the Vertical Communication to SCADA?(IEC 61850-8-1, MMS, Reporting)

How do we test Interlockings?(IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSE)

How do we test Protection Schemes?(IEC 61850-8-1 GOOSE and IEC 61850-9-2 SV)

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IEC 61850: TESTING

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Information about IEC 61850KTH: Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan

University courses on IEC 61850for SA (Substation Automation)

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Information about IEC 61850Tissues (Technical Issues) databasewww.tissues.iec61850.comIEC 61850 standard is a dynamic standard!. You must follow it!

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IEC 61850 Blog

Information on new IEC 61850 documents

Information on IEC 61850 events

Information on new instruments and techniques on the IEC 61850

www.blog.iec61850.comCompetent and fast up to date blog on IEC 61850

Information about IEC 61850

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Information om IEC 61850Elforsk www.elforsk.se

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Megger http://www.megger.comIEC 61850 test equipment, tools and litterature

Information om IEC 61850

Megger - Substation overview

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