Medieval Europe
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Transcript of Medieval Europe
Medieval Europe
The 13th Century
Overview 1202: pope Innocent III claims extensive papal
power 1204: Constantinople looted by Crusaders
Fourth Crusade
1209: Francis of Assisi founds the Franciscan religious order
1212: Iberian Muslims crushed in Spanish Crusade 1215:
English king John seals the Magna Carta Fourth Lateran Council meets in Rome
1217: Dominic’s order of wandering preachers, the Friars Preacher (aka “Dominicans”) given papal recognition
Overview (cont.)
1227: Ulrich von Lichtenstein’s Venusfahrt 1241: beginning of the Hanseatic League 1250: death of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen
Stupor Mundi
1255: the Church approved use of torture in the hunt for heretics
c. 1280: Marco Polo at the Great Khan’s court c. 1290: the invention of spectacles
in Italy
Pope Innocent III
R. 1198-1216 The most powerful of the
medieval popes well educated in both
canon law and theology the dominant figure in
Europe during his papacy
Francis of Assisi
1182-1226 Founder of the Franciscan Order and one of the most
honored saints of the Catholic faith Below: trying to convert the Egyptian sultan
St. Francis (cont.)
The patron saint of ecology
The Franciscans
The order was founded in 1209 by St. Francis
Poverty and the Regula primitiva “primitive rule”
c. 1300: violent disputes between the Spirituals and the Conventuals
St. Dominic
1170-1221 Founder of the Order of
Friars Preachers the “Dominicans” express purpose: to preach
against and otherwise combat heresy
right: Dominic oversees the burning of unacceptable books
Dominican friars
Like the Franciscans, they sought to challenge the wealth and laxity of the older monastic orders
The Courtly Lover
Below: the remarkable Ulrich von Lichtenstein
Stupor Mundi
Emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen
1194-1250 De arte venandi cum avibus
The great dispute
Right: a representation of God with the pope and the emperor
Whose authority is hereby greatest?