Measurement of NO2 Emissions from Heavy Duty Vehicles ... · PDF file05.10.2004 ·...
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Measurement of NO Measurement of NO 2 2 Emissions Emissions from Heavy Duty Vehicles/Engines from Heavy Duty Vehicles/Engines at Environment Canada at Environment Canada Emissions Research and Measurement Division Environment Canada Presented at IDRAC October 5, 2004
Transcript of Measurement of NO2 Emissions from Heavy Duty Vehicles ... · PDF file05.10.2004 ·...
Measurement of NOMeasurement of NO22 Emissions Emissions from Heavy Duty Vehicles/Enginesfrom Heavy Duty Vehicles/Engines
at Environment Canadaat Environment Canada
Emissions Research and Measurement DivisionEnvironment Canada
Presented at IDRACOctober 5, 2004
Outline
• Environment Canada -Emissions Test Facility
• NO2 Sampling and Analysis Methods
• Engine NO2 /NOX Data• Chassis NO2 /NOX Data• Summary/Next Steps
Environment Canada Organization
• Five Regions: Pacific & Yukon, Prairie & Northern, Ontario, Quebec, Atlantic
• Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency
• Meteorological Services of Canada• Human Resources & Service
Innovation• Policy & Communications• Environmental Conservation Service• Environmental Protection Service
Environment Canada Organizationcont’d
• Environmental Protection Service:– Air Pollution Prevention – Pollution Prevention – Risk Management – Strategic Priorities
Environmental Technology Advancement
• Environmental Technology Centre• Emissions Research and Measurement
Division - ERMD
ERMD Programs
• Conformity Program for New Light Duty Vehicles and Certification of New Vehicles and Engines
• Quantifying the emission contribution of a range of mobile sources and stationary sources
• Support the development of technologies, fuels, and strategies to reduce the emissions from transportation
• Providing technical assistance and expertise to government divisions, industry, and other countries
ERMD Test FacilityERMD Test Facility
• 4 Light Duty Chassis Dynamometer Labs• 2 Heavy Duty Chassis Dynamometer Labs • 3 Heavy Duty Engine Dynamometer Labs• Utility Engine Laboratory• Light Duty Evaporative Emissions Enclosure
Environmental Chambers (-5°C to -25°C)• Organic Chemistry Laboratory• Portable Emissions Sampling System
Technology Development & Technology Development & EvaluationsEvaluations
♦ Fuels♦ ULSD, BioD, E-D, H2O
Emulsions, CNG, Alcohols, gasoline reformulations
♦ Emission Controls♦ Diesel Particulate Filters♦ Diesel Oxidation Cat’s♦ EGR, SCR
♦ Diesel-Electric Hybrids &Fuel Cell Buses
Sampling & Analysis Capabilities
• Gaseous Emissions: NDIR, HCLD,HFID• Particulate Matter: Gravimetric, particle
size/count/distribution• Carbonyl compounds: HPLC• Volatile Organic Compounds: GC- FID• Methane and light hydrocarbons, N20: GC• PAH, n-PAH: High Resolution MS• OC/EC: Thermal Optical Transmittance• NH3, Particle Phase SO4, SO2: Ion Chromatography
NO2 Collection Methods
• Chemiluminescent Analyzer Method– NO & NOX dilute exhaust concentrations determined – 2 heated analyzers -California Analytical Model 400-HCLD – Corrected for ambient concentrations and atmospheric
conditions – Continuous collection at higher instrument range
• DNPH (2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine) Cartridge Method*– Reaction of NO2 and DNPH to form 2,4 dinitrophenylazide
(DNPA)– DNPH and DNPA monitored at different wavelengths– Hewlett Packard 1090M Series II & Photo diode array
Reference: ES&T: Tang, Graham et al. “Simultaneous Determination of Carbonyls and NO2 in Exhausts of HDD Trucks and Transit Buses by HPLC Following 2,4DNPH cartridge collection”
NO2/NOX Concentrations from an Urban Transit Bus
0
20
40
60
80
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120
140
160
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time (seconds)
Exh
aust
Con
cent
ratio
n (p
pm) /
Spee
d (m
ph)
Dynamometer Speed NOx NO2 Calculated
Comparison of Measured Dilute Exhaust NO2 Concentrations
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5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Cartridge (ppm)
Ana
lyze
r (pp
m)
CRTOriginal EquipmentCNG
Reference: ES&T Tang, Graham et al.
International DT466, MY 20007.6L, inline 6, 237bhp @ 1400 rpm
NOX g/bhp-hr
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
D1 D2 LSD ULSD ULSD_t ED1 ED2 FT
Fuel Type
g/bh
p-hr
Engine Out DOC Ctrap EGR + Ctrap
NO2 g/bhp-hr
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
D1 D2 LSD ULSD ULSD_t ED1 ED2 FT
Fuel Type
g/bh
p-hr
Engine Out DOC Ctrap EGR + Ctrap
Reference: SAE 2004-01-1085
International DT466 % NO2/NOX% NO2 of Total NOX
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
D1 D2 LSD ULSD ULSD_t ED1 ED2 FT
Fuel Type
Perc
enta
ge (%
)
Engine Out DOC Ctrap EGR + Ctrap
Reference: SAE 2004-01-1085
DDC Series 50, MY 1996, 8.5L, inline 4, 275 bhp @ 2110 rpm
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
No-Aft DOC CDPF 1 CDPF 2
Device
g/bh
p-hr
10 ppm S - NOX 10 ppm S -NO2 80 ppm S - NOX 80 ppm S - NO2
4.9 %
5.1 %
1.3 %
1.0 %
43 %
43 %
43 %
40 %
CAT C11, MY 2004, 11.1L, inline 6, 305 bhp @ 2100 rpm
2.094
2.100
2.127
2.077
2.323
NOXg/bhp-hr
0.003
0.009
0.010
0.007
0.107
NO2g/bhp-hr
0.14
0.43
0.47
0.34
4.61
% NO2
HS 4
HS 3
HS 2
HS 1
CS
Urban Transit Bus NO2/NOX Emissionsover the CBD Cycle (g/mile)
5514.526.427CDPFDDC Series 50Orion V
5312.623.827CDPFDDC Series 50Orion V
203.316.6CNGOEMDDC Series 50 GNew Flyer CLF
153.321.627OEMDDC 6v92Orion V
142.921.127OEMDDC 6v92Orion V
142.820.5247OEMDDC 6v92Orion V
11219CNGOEMDDC Series 50 GNew Flyer CLF
82.126.6247OEMDDC 6v92Orion V
82.025.627OEMDDC 6v92Orion V
81.823.3247OEMDDC Series 50Orion V
83.646.7CNGOEMDDC Series 50 GNew Flyer CLF
81.925.127OEMDDC Series 50Orion V
71.825.627OEMDDC Series 50Orion V
61.625.6247OEMDDC Series 50Orion V
%NO2NO2NOXFuel Sulphur
(ppm)Configura-
tion EngineModel
Reference: SAE 2002-01-0430
Hybrid Bus with Selected Emission Control Devices
05
101520253035404550
ULSD ULSD ULSD ULSD ULSD ULSD ULSD LSD LSD ULSD LSD ULSD
No-Aft No-Aft D 1 D 2 D 2 D 2 D 2 D 3 D 4 D 4 D 5 D 5
Fuel Type and Device
g/m
ile
NOX (g/mile) NO2 (g/mile) %NO2
71.5
Evolution of Urban Transit Bus NOX
NOX Trend
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50
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Engine Model Year
NO
X (
g/m
ile)
Summary/Next Steps• Accurate and precise measurement of NOX species is increasingly
important as NOX emissions standards become more stringent • Increases in the % NO2 of NOX have been noted with specific
emission control devices although the total NOX remains unchanged • EC will continue to compare DNPH Cartridge NO2 Method with the
Chemiluminescent NO2 Method• NO2 will be measured for the majority of heavy duty vehicles and
engines tested at EC• N2O is routinely measured to understand contribution from
transportation sources • NH3 measured with in-line raw exhaust analyzer with modified path
length• EC will continue with future research on 2004 CAT C11 and
Cummins ISM engines: complete characterization of emissions, fuels, emission control devices, NO2/NOX comparisons
Additional InformationDo-it-yourself RetrofitsDebbie Rosenblatt
Environment Canada335 River RoadOttawa, ONCanada K1A 0H3
http://www.etcentre.org
