MEABmeabreSumeobis reabilitacia- aRorZinebis sainvesticio ... · Tavi 7. finansuri gegma 53 Tavi 8....
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1 meabreSumeobis reabilitacia- aRorZinebis sainvesticio proeqti da kooperativi "saCino" vanis raionSi Tbilisi 2016
Transcript of MEABmeabreSumeobis reabilitacia- aRorZinebis sainvesticio ... · Tavi 7. finansuri gegma 53 Tavi 8....
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MEABmeabreSumeobis reabilitacia-
aRorZinebis sainvesticio proeqti da
kooperativi
"saCino" vanis
raionSi
Tbilisi
2016
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sainvesticio proeqtis damuSavebis ZiriTadi safuZvelia
saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademiis
prezidentis akad. guram aleqsiZis saxelze vanis
municipalitetis gamgeblis zaza xurciZis mier gamogzavnili
werili (#20/676, 24.05.2016), sadac igi Txovs akademias gauwios
daxmareba sainvesticio proeqtis SedgenaSi Temaze
"meabreSumeobis sakvebi bazis, parkis warmoebisa da kustaruli
rewvis etapobrivi aRdgena vanis raionSi", sadac aseve asaxuli
iqneba dargis kooperaciul sawyisebze gadasvlisa da Semdgomi
ganviTarebis problemebi.
sainvesticio proeqtis avtorebi:
giorgi nikoleiSvili - saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis
mecnierebaTa akademiis wevr-korespondenti,
ekonomikis mecnierebaTa doqtori,
profesori;
elguja SafaqiZe - saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis
mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi, teqnikis
mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori;
vano sanadiraZe _ soflis meurneobis saministros
vanis municipalitetis sainformacio_
sakonsultacio samsaxuris ufrosi.
redaqtori:
omar qeSelaSvili - ssmm akademiis akademikosi, ekonomikis
mecnierebaTa doqtori, profesori.
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sarCevi gv. avtorebisagan 4 proeqtis idea 5 reziume 6 proeqtis Sesrulebis etapebi da vadebi 8 Tavi 1. meabreSumeobis zogadi mimoxilva, arsebuli mdgomareoba, proeqtis miznebi da amocanebi 1.1. istoriuli mimoxilva da arsebuli mdgomareoba 1.2. proeqtis mizani da amocanebi
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Tavi 2. produqciis warmoeba 2.1. meTuTeoba. TuTis namyeni, hibriduli da sakuTarfesviani sargavi masala,FfoTlis warmoeba da ekonomikuri efeqtianoba 2.2. bunebrivi Tbili wylis bazaze TuTis daavadeba foTlis sixuWuWisadmi SedarebiT gamZe jiSebis nazamTri kalmebiT dafesvianeba da ekonomikuri efeqtianoba.
2.2.1. niadagis SerCeva da Ria Termuli moednis momzadeba (seqciebis montaJi da Termul moedanze niadagis momzadeba)
2.2.2. niadagis temperaturis regulireba, sakontrolo Semowmeba, kalmebis motana, dasargavad gamzadeba da dargva. 2.2.3. kalmebis aWris vadebi, damzadeba da Senaxva
2.2.4. bunebrivi Tbili wylis bazaze Ria Termomoednis mowyoba, mizanSewoniloba da ekonomikuri efeqtianoba
2.3. parkis warmoeba, pirveladi damiSaveba, xami Zafis amoxveva, reabilitacia da ekonomikuri efeqtianoba 2.3.1. cocxali parkis warmoeba, mogeba da rentabeloba 2.3.2. haermSrali parkis warmoeba, TviTRirebuleba, mogeba yda rentabeloba
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Tavi 3. kooperativi “saCino”-s Camoyalibebis safuZvlebi 42 Tavi 4. konkurencia da marketinguli samsaxuri 46 Tavi 5. saqarTvelos samomxmareblo bazris mdgomareoba da grenis, xami Zafis, abreSumis qsovilebis kustaruli nawarmis realizaciis analizi.
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Tavi 6 riskis faqtorebi 50 Tavi 7. finansuri gegma 53 Tavi 8. sainvesticio proeqtis daskvniTi nawili 55 daskvnebi 58 literatura 61
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avtorebisagan saqarTveloSi sabazro ekonomikis damyareba metad mgrZnobiare aRmoCnda meabreSumeobis dargisaTvis. samwuxarod saamisod arc mmarTvelobis sistema aRmoCnda momzadebuli da arc sazogadoeba. amasTan Tavidanve mcdari iyo im Cinovnikebisa Tu specialistebis myari mosazreba, TiTqos meabreSumeoba ver gauZlebs sabazro ekonomikis mkacr moTxovnebs da daiRupebao. Sedegic saxezea. naSromSi "meabreSumeobis reabilitacia-aRorZinebis sainvesticio proeqti da kooperativi "saCino" vanis raionSi" detaluradaa ganxiluli meTuTeobisa da meabreSumeobis problemebi, xolo safeiqro mrewvelobis sakiTxebi literaturul masalebze dayrdnobiT SekumSulad aris warmodgenili. avtorebma gaiTvaliswines dargiT dainteresebuli adamianTa farTo wris survilebi da naSromSi specialurad Seitana iseTi masalebi (cxrili 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.10, 2.11, 2.12; Tavi 4, 5, 6, 7, sacnobaro masalebi, daskvnebi da winadadebebi), romelic warmatebiT gamoiyeneba qveynis sxva regionebSic. avtorebs kargad aqvT gaTavisebuli, rom winamdebare naSromSi warmodgenili masalebi TiTqmis mTlianad maTive samecniero-kvleviTi da praqtikuli saqmianobis Sedegs emyareba da SeiZleba sakamaTo iyos, magram SevTanxmdeT, rom polemikaSi Camoyalibdeba WeSmariteba, rac saqmisaTvis iqneba sasargeblo. naSromi did daxmarebas gauwevs meabreSumeobis dargSi momuSave specialistebs, biznesmenebs, fermerebs, studentebs da dargiT dainteresebul adamianebs. naSromi am saxiT saqarTveloSi gamodis pirvelad da yvela SeniSvnas, winadadebas Tu mosazrebas madlobiT miviRebT da gaviTvaliswinebT Semdgom saqmianobaSi.
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proeqtis idea
meabreSumeobis ganviTarebis uZvelesi tradiciebis aRdgena,
sareabilitacio samuSaoebis dawyeba,bunebrivi Tbili wylebis bazaze
Termiuli moednis (moednebis) mowyobiT daavadebebisadmi SedarebiT
gamZle jiSebis sakuTarfesviani nergebis warmoeba, meurneobriobis
axali formebis (kooperativi da sxva) danergva, ekologiuri garemos
gaumjobeseba dasoflis ekonomikuri momZlavreba.
municipalitetis teritoriuli organoebis mixedviT SemorCenili
TuTis erTeuli nargaobis, sawarmo saSualebebis, inteleqtualuri
resursebis da gamocdili meabreSumeebis moZieba, gamoyeneba. 2017
wlidan daiwyeba bunebrivi Tbili wylis bazaze Termiuli moednis
mowyoba, Wiis gamokveba SerCeuli soflebis mixedviT, parkis
damzadeba_realizacia, an xami Zafis amoxveva-realizacia kustaruli
mewarmeobis ganviTarebis mizniT.
proeqtis pirveli etapi _ dawyebis TariRi 2017 weli;
damTavrebis TariRi 2021 weli.
ZiriTadi saboloo produqti: haermSrali parki, xami Zafi,
kustaruli nawarmi, sakuTarfesviani nergebi.
proeqtis meore etapi _ dawyebis TariRi 2022 weli;
damTavrebis TariRi 2026 weli
ZiriTadi saboloo produqti: xami Zafi, abreSumis qsovili,
kustaruli nawarmi, sakuTarfesviani nergi da sxva.
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reziume
vanis raionSi, meabreSumeobis ganviTarebis xelsayreli pirobebi
arsebobda. igi yovelTvis gamoirCeoda maRali kulturiT, mtkice sakvebi
baziT, ganviTarebuli kustaruli warmoebiTa da siaxleTa danergviT. amasTan,
warmoadgens savaluto Semosavlebis mniSvnelovan wyaros da soflis
mosaxleobis ojaxuri biujetis Sevsebis saukeTeso saSualebas. geografiuli
mdebareoba, kargi bunebrivi pirobebi, meabreSumeobis uZvelesi tradiciebi,
produqciis maRali xarisxi, kargad ganviTarebuli kustaruli warmoeba,
msoflio gamofenebSi monawileoba, Tavisufali muSaxelis arseboba, ZiriTad
dargebTan racionaluri SeTanawyobis SesaZlebloba, Tbili wylebis mdidari
baza da sxva xelsayreli pirobebi investorebis mozidvis saukeTeso pirobebs
qmnis. n. Savrovis TqmiT me-XIX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi vanSi mravali
kustaruli sawarmo arsebobda, magram yvelaze didi mniSvneloba mainc
abreSumis nawarms hqonda [1]. aqauri mosaxleoba “abreSums akeTeben da qsoven
daras ara did fassa, uoqromkerdosa da xmaroben sxvebica” [2], romelic
warmatebiT iyideboda QquTaissa da sxva bazrebSi.
pirvelad, sabWoTa sivrceSi 1924 wels daarsda vanis sagrenaJo qarxana
da imave wels gamouSva adgilobrivi grena, rac didi movlena iyo. amave
saukunis 70-iani wlebis meore naxevarSi moewyo bunebrivi samkurnalo Tbili
wylis bazaze Termiuli moedani da daavadebisadmi SedarebiT gamZle jiSebis
nazamTri kalmiT sakuTarfesviani nergebis warmoeba, rasac didi roli
Sesruleba SeuZlia dargis aRorZinebis saqmeSi. jer kidev moiZebnebian
abreSumis Zafis kustaruli nawarmis ostatebi, greniorebi da Termiuli
wylis bazaze nazamTri kalmis dafesvianebis kvalificiuri muSebi
(specialistebi), romelTa CarTuleba dargis aRorZinebis saqmeSi uaRresad
saintereso iqneba.
sainvesticio proeqtis mizans warmoadgens meabreSumeobis tradiciuli
funqciis etapobrivi aRdgena, Tanamedrove moTxovnaTa Sesabamisi
meurneobriobis misadagebuli formebis SerCeva, soflad axali samuSao
adgilebis Seqmna da HHBM - is TvalsazrisiT yvelaze saintereso
jgufis_qalebis, pensionerebis, mozardebis da unarSezRuduli pirebis
dasaqmeba, xalxuri rewvis miviwyebuli tradiciebis aRdgena, migraciis
procesis SezRudva, sasoflo_sameurneo savargulebis (sawarmoo
saSualebebis) racionaluri gamoyeneba, ekologiuri garemos gaumjobesebis
xelSewyoba, soflis momZlavreba da mosaxleobis ojaxuri biujetis
ganmtkiceba.
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sainvesticio proeqtis mTavar amocanas Seadgens ganadgurebuli sakvebi bazis aRdgena, parkis warmoebis optimalur donemde gadideba, adgilze gadamuSaveba da saboloo produqtis - xami Zafis, kustaruli nawarmis sakuTarfesviani nergebis kooperativebis Camoyalibeba da hibriduli grenis (qarTuli) warmoebia aRdgenis mcdeloba. proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebulia saeqsporto xami Zafis (gamonaklis
SemTxvevaSi haermSrali parki), kustaruli nawarmis, hibriduli grenis
produqciis warmoeba. amasTan, pirvel etapze grena, xami Zafi, kustaruli
nawarmis da TuTis nergis warmoeba ZiriTadi Sida bazrisaTvis iqneba
gankuTvnili, xolo meore etapze - saerTaSoriso bazris Sesabamis segments
daikavebs. amis saSualebas mogvcems TuTis abreSumxvevias
maRalproduqtiuli jiSebidan damzadebuli grena, abreSumis xami Zafi,
qsovili, kustaruli nawarmis maRali xarisxi da bunebrivi Tbili wylis
bazaze gamoyvanili nergebis warmoeba.
warmoebuli produqciis realizaciiT mosaxleoba miiRebs solidur
Semosavals momxmarebeli-konkurentunarian produqcias, turistebi_unikalur
naturalur nawarms, xolo qveyana (sakarantino wesebis dacviT) _
daavadebisadmi SedarebiT gamZle jiSebis nazamTri kalmis sakuTarfesvian
nergebs, rac mosaxleobis dasaqmebis da myari Semosavlis garanti iqneba.
winamdebare naSromi moicavs meabreSumeobis Sekrul cikls. amasTan,
dargisadmi meurneobriobis misadagebuli formebis Camoyalibeba, sakvebi
bazis ganmtkiceba, sakuTarfesviani nergis, grenis da parkis
warmoeba_pirveladi gadamuSaveba _ xami Zafis warmoebasTan dakavSirebuli
organizaciul-ekonomikuri sakiTxebi vrcladaa gaanalizebuli, xolo
qsovilebis da kustaruli warmoebis – SekumSulad saboloo Sedegis
mixedviT.
meabreSumeobaSi riskis faqtorebis gavlena maRalia, magram gonivruli
marTvis SemTxvevaSi zaralis minimalizacia savsebiT
SesaZlebelia.MamisaTvis aucilebelia regionSi mxolod rekomendebuli
TuTisa (3-5 jiSi mainc) da TuTis abreSumxvevias jiSebis gavrceleba da
mavnebel_daavadebebTan brZola agrowesebis Sesabamisad.
gansakuTrebuli sifrTxilea saWiro nazamTri kalmebis aReba, Senaxva
dargvis vadebis dacva da importuli grenis, TuTis nergebis (winaswari
gamocdis gareSe) gavrceleba.
rekomendebuli RonisZiebebis Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi proeqtis
ganxorcieleba riskis dasaSveb farglebs ar gacdeba.
Tbili wylis bazaze mowyobil Termiuli moednidan (400 m2) sargavi
masala 2017 wels SeiZleba miviRoT 4,0-4,5 aTasi Ziri nergi da TuTis
arsebuli nargaobidan miviRoT 1200 kg cocxali parki. momdevno periodSi
yvela maCvenebeli matebad tempiT gaizrdeba da 2021 wels foTlis warmoeba
Seadgens 65,0 tonas (amdenive kolofi WiisaTvis) 41,0 tona cocxal parks,
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mniSvnelovani raodenobis xam Zafs, kustarul nawarms da 23,6 aTas nergs
(maT Soris namyen 7,0 aTasi, sakuTarfesviani 9,6 aTasi, hibriduli 7,0 aTasi)
da sxva produqts. miTiTebul periodSi mini sagrenaJo qarxnis gamarTvis
SemTxvevaSi yoveli 10 kg grenis warmoebidan mogeba Seadgens 899 lars, 1,0
kg parkis TviTRirebuleba 7,75 lars da rentabelobis done 110 %-s.
პროექტის Sesrulebis etapebi da vadebi:
warmodgenili proeqti pirobiTad dayofilia or etapad: pirveli etapi moicavs 2017 - 2021 wlebs, xolo meore etapi_2022 - 2026 wlebis periods. pirvel etapze SemorCenili TuTis erTeuli nargaobis racionaluri
gamoyenebis mizniT Catardeba jiSiani nargaobis (2514 Ziri) gaaxalgazrdaveba
da ujiSo TuTis (5795 Ziri) nargaobis varjSi rekomendebuli jiSebis
kvirtiT gadamynoba.
etapis upirvelesi sazrunavi amocana iqneba sofel amaRlebis zonis
Tbili wylebis bazaze Termiuli moednis (moednebis) mowyoba da sakuTar
fesviani nergebis warmoeba.
pirvel etapze upiratesad gaSendeba erTeuli (xaზobrivi) nargaoba,
sakuTarfesviani namyeni da hibriduli nergebiT_SemdgomSi jiSiani kvirtiT
gadamynobiT.
fermerul meurneobebSi (sxva miwebze) konkretuli pirobebis
gaTvaliswinebiT gaSendeba mcire zomis intensiuri plantaciebi
rigTaSorisebSi rekomendebuli kulturebis moyvaniT da Semodgomaze TuTis
gauxeSebuli foTlis mecxoveleobisaTvis aratradiciuli sakvebis
daმzadebis mizniT [3]..
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqceva raionis konkretuli pirobebis
maqsimaluri gaTvaliswinebiT meabreSumeobaSi amxanagobebis, kooperativebis,
centralizebuli gamokvebisaTvis pirobebis momzadebis (ixile rekomendacia)
da mmarTvelobis demokratiuli formebis Camoyalibebis uzrunvelsayofad.
Sesruldeba samuSaoebi parkis pirveladi damuSavebis erTi punqtis (eqvsis
bazaze) wesrigSi mosayvanad infrastruqturis srulyofiT.
proeqtis meore etapze pirvel mosavals mogvcems adre gaSenebuli
plantaciebi da erTeuli nargaoba, riTac miiRweva foTlis mosavlis
mniSvnelovani mateba da parkis warmoebis gadideba.
miTiTebul etapze gafarTovdeba sakuTarfesviani nergis
warmoeba_realizacia, daiwyeba sainkubacio kamerebis aRWurva da Zafsaxvev
sagrexi (kustaruli) warmoebis uaxlesi tipis dazga-danadgarebis SeZena-
damontaJeba. damTavrdeba mini sagrenaJo qarxnis amoqmedeba da
uzrunvelyofili iqneba raionis moTxovna hibridul grenze. proeqtis
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mixedviT 2026 wlis bolos TuTis erTeuli nargaoba miaRwevs 304,0 aTas Zიrs,
intensiuri plantaciebi 59,0 ha-s, foTlis saerTo mosavali 350,0 tonas, 350
kolofi Wiis gamokvebas, 23,1 tona cocxal parks, 51,2 aTas Zir namyen da
sakuTarfesvian jiSian nergs da TvalsaCino gaxdeba kustaruli warmoebis
gadideba.
Tavi 1. meabreSumeobis zogadi mimoxilva, arsebuli
mdgomareoba, proeqtis miznebi da amocanebi
1.1. istoriuli mimoxilva da arsebuli mdgomareoba
uZvelesi qalaqi ea “mdebareobda axlandeli vanis teritoriaze, is ukve
arsebobda XIV_XIII saukuneebSi Cvens welTaRricxvamde da sakmaod
brwyinavda"[4]..
Cveni welTaRricxviT Semdgom periodSi aRniSnuli adgili vaxuSti
bagrations moxseniebuli aqvs saCinod. “saCino sazigado saxelia imereTis
ocdaori soflisa, romlebic qalaq quTaisidan 30-35 versis manZilze
mdebareoben samxreTis mxriT” [5]; rionis es marcxena mxare SesaniSnavia
bunebrivi siuxviT. “aq blomad modis simindi, Rvino, puri, Tu daTesaven
kartofils da sxva yovelgvari xili”[6].
dRevandeli vanis raionis teritoriis naxevarze meti gamoyenebulia
soflis meurneobaSi, xolo danarCeni dakavebulia tyeebiT da sazafxulo
saZovrebiT.
raionSi meabreSumeobis ganviTarebisaTvis SesaniSnavi pirobebi
arsebobs da igi ZvelTaganve mosaxleobis saqmianobisa da fuladi
Semosavlis mniSvnelovan wyaros warmoadgenda. amasTan vaxuSti bagrationis
gadmocemiTY aq “abreSums akeTeben da qsoven daras ara didfassa,
oqromkerdosa da xmaroben sxvebisa” [2]; aqauri glexi, imis imedad, rom
moiwevda abreSumis parks da miiRebda garkveul Semosavals, iRebda sesxs da
akmayofilebda ojaxis saarsebo moTxovnilebebs.
XVIII saukunis 30-ian wlebSi meabreSumeobis saqmianobiT sakmaod
cnobili yofila mebatone n. CijavaZe. mas gaSenebuli hqonia sakmao
raodenobis TuTis plantaciebi da Zafis amoxvevasac adgilze awarmoebda
primitiuli wesiT. meabreSumeobaSi miRweuli warmatebebisaTvis igi
monawileobda ara marto inglisis saerTaSoriso gamofenaSi, aramed ruseTsa
da sxva qveynebSic.
n. Savrovis TqmiT me-XIX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi vanSi mravali
kustaruli sawarmo iyo, magram yvelaze didi mniSvneloba mainc abreSumis
nawarms hqonda. marTalia, miTiTebul periodSi meabreSumeobas primitiuli
xasiaTi hqonda, magram imdenad didi iyo meabreSumeTa daintereseba, rom
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parkis sakmaod maRal mosavals iRebdnen. amasTan yovelwliurad
amzadebdnen kargi xarisxis 100-150 fuT abreSumis Zafs da mosaxleobis
fuladi Semosavali 6,0-10,0 aTasi maneTis farglebSi meryeobda. amasTan,
warmoebuli produqciis didi nawili moixmareboda qsovilebis, Tavsafrebis,
yabalaxebis dasamzadeblad da adgilobrivi (ojaxuri) moTxovnilebis
dasakmayofileblad, Tumca nawili iyideboda adgilze an quTaisis bazarze
da sakmaod Zvirad fasobda.
1929 wels raionSi iTvleboda 7533 meabreSume komli, parkis erTi
kolofi Wiidan 27,7 kg parks Rebulobdnen da saerTo warmoeba 103,3 tonas
Seadgenda, xolo 1936 wels Sesabamisad_6175 komls, 36,6 kg-s da 149,7 tona
cocxal parks awarmoebdnen (ix. cxrili 1.1). TuTis foTlis sixuWuWis
gavrcelebamde 1966 wels raionSi 158,7 tona cocxali parki miiRes da
gamoimuSaves 566,9 aTasi maneTi, xolo 1967 wels Sesabamisad 159,8 tona da
587,7 aTasi maneTi. amasTan gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom parkis warmoebis
gegmebis gadaWarbebiT SesrulebisaTvis maSin momqmedi kanonis mixedviT
raionis adgilobriv biujetSi Cairicxa 1966 wels 6,5 aTasi maneTi, xolo 1967
wels 7,0 aTasi maneTi, rac raionis keTilmowyobis saqmes xmardeboda.
sabWoTa mTavrobis ZalisxmeviT (moiwvia firma “CiCe”, italia) 1924 wels
daarsda sagrenaJo qarxana, romelmac yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi pirvelad
daiwyo abreSumis grenis damzadeba, rac udidesi warmateba iyo. qarxnis mier
warmoebuli grenis raodenoba 15000 kolofis farglebSi meryeobda, rac
warmatebiT vrceldeboda respublikis raionebSi.
TuTis foTlis sixuWuWis gavrcelebamde raionSi arsebobda 178,0 ha
TuTis plantacia da 313,3 aTasi Ziri erTeuli nargaoba, xolo 1970 wels
ganadgurebuli iyo Sesabamisad 83,5 da 80,0 %. sadReisod, SemorCenilia
mxolod erTeuli nargaoba da isic mosaxleobis sakarmidamo nakveTebze.
sabazro ekonomikis damkvidrebamde meabreSumeobas emsaxureboda
(raiabreSumi) saTao parksaSrobi ramdenime agroubniT, p|p damuSavebis 6
punqtiT (vani, SuamTa, amaRleba, zeindari, yumuri, sulori) da aTobiT
sainkubacio kamera, romelTa saSualo simZlavre maRali ar iyo, magram
savsebiT Seesabameboda adgilobrivi pirobebis moTxovnebs. raionSi
iwarmoeboda saSualod 160-165 tona parki da 450-500 kg grena, rac raionSi
did simdidred iTvleboda. meabreSumeobis sistema uzrunvelyofili iyo
kvalificiuri specialistebiT da im droisaTvis Sesabamisi teqnikiT.
sadReisod ki - yvelaferi ganadgurebulia da dargis Camoyalibeba axlidan
unda daviwyoT.
soflis meurneobis istoriulad Camoyalibebuli dargobrivi
struqturidan meabreSumeobis CamocilebiT, gauaresda ekologiuri garemo,
Semcirda, rogorc ojaxuri biujetis Semosavlebi da dasaqmebis done, aseve
warmoudgenlad gaizarda migracia, gansakuTrebiT maRali zonis soflebidan.
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aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT SevecdebiT SevimuSaoT dargis
reabilitacia-aRorZinebis iseTi sistema, romelic xels Seuwyobs raionis
ekonomikis ganmtkicebas da dargis Zveli didebis dabrunebas.
vanis raionSi, sasoflo sabWoebis mixedviT meabreSumeobis
ganviTarebis ZiriTadi maCveneblebi (1936 w) [7]
cxrili 1.1.
sasoflo sabWo
#
meab
reS
umeobis
ad
gil
obrivi
meurneobeb
i
meab
reS
umeobis
ojax
Ta
rao
denobis
%
realiz
ebuli grena sul
erT meabreS
ume o
jax
ze
greniT
dat
virTvis maCvenebel
i
war
moeb
uli parkis
rao
denoba (kg)
parkis mosavliano
ba
1 ko
lofi grenid
an
sas
oflo
sab
Woeb
is
xvedriT
i wil
i (%
) raionS
i war
moeb
uli
parkis rao
denobaS
i
SuamTa2@ 1 712 88,8 570 0,8 20524 36,0 13,7
tobanieri 2 305 84,3 215 0,7 7750 30,0 5,2 miqelefoni- kuSubeli
3 231 28,8 195 0,8 5306 27,2 3,5
cixe sulori2 4 381 69,4 243,5 0,6 11165 45,4 7,5 qveda vani 5 288 43,2 160 0,6 9481,5 55,8 6,7 salxino 6 259 64,6 150 0,6 6089 40,5 4,1 dixaSxo 7 429 73,1 220 0,5 8852 40,2 5,9 qveda bzvani 8 247 60,1 170 0,7 6336 39,6 4,5 amaRleba 9 316 57,1 210 0,7 8048 38,3 5,4 zeindari 10 176 31,6 100 0,6 4177 41,8 2,8 gora 11 187 44,6 120 0,7 4324 36,0 2,9 fereTa 12 137 51,1 30 0,7 2648 29,6 1,7 uxuTi 13 165 39,3 100 0,6 2327 23,3 1,5 saprasia 14 275 61,7 162 0,6 4209 26,0 2,8 guluxi 15 215 71,5 135 0,6 4798 35,5 3,3 sulori 16 343 71,5 228,5 0,6 7092 31,7 4,8 gadidi 17 213 61,6 150 0,7 5410 36,1 3,6 zeda vani 18 301 71,0 163 0,5 6672 40,9 4,4 yumuri 19 471 76,7 338 0,7 10636 31,9 7,1 muqedi 20 209 79,2 150 0,7 5971 39,8 4,0 xeda bzvani 21 194 67,8 140 0,7 4253 30,4 8,8
12
kirovi (salominao)
22 129 41,5 100 0,8 3258 32,6 2,2
sofel SuamTis meabreSumeebi 1936 wels (cxrili 1.1) awarmoebdnen
raionSi damzadebuli parkis saerTo raodenobis 13,7 %, cixesuloris-7,5 %
da yumurisa-7,1 %, amasTan sof. yumurSi meabreSumeobaSi monawileobda
komlTa saerTo raodenobis (471) 76,7 %, kvebavda 338 kolof Wias, awarmoebda
10,6 tona parks da moixmarda 400 tonaze met TuTis foTols. samwuxarod 2016
wlis monacemebiT darCenili mosaxleobis TiToeul komlze erTi Ziri
TuTac ar modis. analogiuri mdgomareobaa sxva soflebSic.
1.2. proeqtis mizani da amocanebi
proeqtis mizania meabreSumeobis tradiciuli funqciis etapobrivi
aRdgena, meurneobriobis axali formebis (kooperativi da aA.S.) danergva,
sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis, SromiTi resursebis da sxva rezervebis
racionaluri gamoyenebiT ekonomikuri efeqtianobis yovelmxrivi gadideba,
soflis mosaxleobis maqsimaluri dasaqmeba, maTi saojaxo biujetis
ganmtkiceba da migraciis procesis (yumeri, gadidi, sulori da a.S.)
SezRudva. turistTa nakadebis zrdasTan dakavSirebiT gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba mieqceva xalxuri rewvis miviwyebuli tradiciebis aRdgenas
naturaluri abreSumis Zafis gamoyenebiT. amasTan, sainteresoa TviT
abreSumis Wiis gamokvebis (gansakuTrebiT feradparkiani jiSebi) procesSi
turistebis monawileoba. upirvelesi amocanaa fermerul, kooperatiul
meurneobebSi da satyeo miwebze arsebuli TuTis nargaobis
gaaxalgazrdaveba, varjSi gadamynoba da optimaluri raodenobiT axali
nargaobis gaSeneba. axali nargaoba ZiriTadad gaSendeba erTeuli da
xazobrivi nargaobis saxiT, xolo TuTis mcire zomis intensiuri
plantaciebi _ fermerul, kooperatiul da satyeo meurneobebis miwebze.
proeqtis ZiriTad amocanas Seadgens:
1. upirveles amocanad miCneulia sofel amaRlebaSi Tbili wylis bazaze,
TuTis daavadebisadmi SedarebiT gamZle jiSebis sakuTarfesviani nergebis
warmoebis gamocdilebis aRdgena da momdevno periodSi- Tanmimdevruli
gafarToveba realizaciis mizniT;
2. saswrafod mosagvarebelia Tanamedrove moTxovnaTa Sesabamisi
meurneobriobis axali formebis (fermeruli, kooperatiuli) Camoyalibeba
adgilobrivi pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT;
.3. pirvel etapze warmoebuli parkis pirveladi damuSavebisa da xami Zafis
amoxvevisaTvis SedarebiT mcire warmadobis dazga – danadgarebis
13
(sasurvelia kustaruli warmoebisaTvis) SeZena da konkurentunariani
produqciis warmoeba;
4. regionisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli kustaruli mewarmeobis uZvelesi
tradiciebis daCqarebuli aRdgena turistebisa da samkurnalo Tbili
wylebis kurortebze damsvenebelTaTvis mzardi moTxovnilebis
dakmayofileba da sxva RonisZiebaTa ganxorcieleba.
aRniSnuli amocanebis Sesruleba emyareba meabreSumeobis
ganviTarebisaTvis xelsayrel bunebriv pirobebs, mosaxleobis mdidar
tradiciebs, gamocdili specialistebis raodenobas da sxva faqtorebs,
romelTa gaazrebuli amoqmedeba did efeqts moutans raionis ekonomikas.
miTiTebuli miznebisa da amocanebis realizaciis SemTxvevaSi miviRebT:
Zlier soflebs, bunebrivi simdidreebis (bunebrivi Tbili wyali)
racionalur gamoyenebas, aRdgenili mwvane safariT (TuTa) ganaxlebuli
landSaftiT, amoqmedebul sawarmoebs (kustaruls) daxvewili teqnilogiiT,
asobiT axal samuSao adgils, ZviradRirebul naturaluri abreSumis
produqtebs, mecxoveleobisaTvis aratradiciuli sakvebi balansis Sevsebas
da sxva sikeTes.
proeqtis srulyofili ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi 2017 wlis
dasawyisidanve sofel amaRlebaSi unda daiwyos sakuTarfesviani nergis
gamosazrdeli Termuli moednis mowyoba (liTonis milebiT) da saWiro
kalmebis moZieba, SemorCenili TuTis mcenareebis movliTi samuSaoebis
dawyeba, arsebuli sawarmoo resursebis (p|p damuSavebis punqtebis, simpleqsis
tipis parksaSrobi danadgarebis moZieba-remonti), yofili sagrenaJo qarxnis
aRdgena an mis bazaze mini qarxnis gamarTva, saWiro specialistebis moZieba
da a.S., rac warimarTeba or etapad:
pirveli etapi - sofel amaRlebaSi TuTis sakuTarfesviani nergis
gamosazrdeli Termiuli moednis mowyoba, kalmebis da arsebuli
TuTis nargaobis sawarmoo resursebis moZieba, meabreSumeobiT
dainteresebul fermerTa raodenobis aRricxva, adgilobrivi
specialistebis moZieba, kooperativebis formebis SerCeva da a.S.
dawyeba 2017 wlis ianvari (01.01.2017);
damTavreba 2017 wlis marti (01.03.2017).
meore etapi - grZeldeba Termiuli moednis momzadeba, kalmebis
Cawyoba-movla, moZiebuli Senoba-nagebobebis da teqnikis remonti,
modernizacia, axali dazga –danadgarebis montaJi da abreSumis Wiis
sagazafxulo gamokveba, parkis pirveladi damuSaveba (Zafis amoxveva),
dabinaveba-realizacia.
dawyeba 2017 wlis aprili (01.04.2017);
damTavreba 2017 wlis dekemberi (01.12.2017).
14
mimdinare etapze unda gagrZeldes meurneobriobis axali formebis
Camoyalibeba, unda vimsjeloT dargis im moculobiT ganviTarebaze, ris
saSualebasac mogvcems arsebuli sakvebi baza da SemorCenili sawarmoo
resursebi, amasTan gagrZeldeba gamocdili meabreSumeebis da kvalificiuri
specialistebis moZieba.
dasaxuli amocanebis warmoebaSi Sesruleba did efeqts moutans raionis
ekonomikas.
Tavi 2. produqciis warmoeba
2.1. meTuTeoba. TuTis namyeni, hibriduli da sakuTarfesviani
sargavi masala, foTlis warmoeba da ekonomikuri efeqtianoba
proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli raodenobiT parkis warmoebisaTvis,
aucilebelia sakvebi bazis aRorZineba, rogorc plantaciebis, ise erTeuli
(xazobrivi) nargaobis saxiT. pirvel etapze cxovelebisagan dacul
farTobebze unda gaSendes upiratesad saSualo Stambiani plantaciebi
rigTaSorisebSi rekomendebuli kulturebis TesviT, xolo Semodgomaze_
gauxeSebuli foTlis mecxoveleobis aratradiciuli sakvebis gamoyenebis
mizniT [3]..
vanis raionSi 2018_2026 wlebSi fermerTa sakarmidamo nakveTebze (sxva
farTobebze) gaSendeba 58,0 ha-mde TuTis saSualoStambiani plantacia da
153,1 aTasi Ziri erTeuli nargaoba, rac Seadgens 1965 wlis Sesadari
maCveneblis 33,0 da 48,5 %-s. sakvebi bazis ganmtkicebis prioritetul
mimarTulebad miCneuli iqneba erTeuli nargaobis gaSeneba, rac sruliad
Seesabameba vanis raionis bunebriv-ekonomikur pirobebsa da tradiciebs.
gaangariSebiT (cxrili 2.1) pirvel etapze (2016-2021 w) dairgveba 70,9 aTas
Ziramde TuTis mcenare, xolo meore etapze (2022-2026 ww) 138,5 aTasi Ziri,
xolo aTwleulSi - 200,0 aTas Zirs gadaaWarbebs. nargaobis saerTo
raodenobaSi iqneba _ namyeni - 33,1%; hibriduli (gadamynobis pirobiT) _33,1
%; sakuTarfesviani- -33,8%.
hibriduli mcenareebi gaSendeba erTeuli (xazobrivi) nargaobis saxiT,
SemdgomSi misi jiSiani TuTis kvirtiT gadamynobis pirobiT. sakuTarfesviani
da namyeni nergebiT upiratesad gaSendeba TuTis plantaciebi. problemisadmi
aseTi midgoma Seqmnili viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT savsebiT gamarTlebulia.
Cveni gaangariSebiT (cxrili 2.2), aRniSnuli raodenobiT sargavi masalis
Rirebuleba Seadgens 476,2 aTas lars, maT Soris pirvel etapze 1604 aTas
lars, xolo meore etapze 315,8 aTas lars. fermerul meurneobaSi namyeni
(hibriduli) sargavi masalis warmoebis mizniT (ix. cxrili 2.3).
15
TuTis daavadeba foTlis sixuWuWisadmi rekomendebuli
jiSebis sargavi masalis warmoeba 2018-2026 wlebSi
vanis raionSi (aTasi cali)
cxrili 2.1.
etapi weli
s
u l
maT Soris
plantac
ia
erTeuli narga- oba
meCx
eriano
bis
sal
ikvidac
iod
Zir
i (10%)
namyeni
sakuTar
fes
viani
hibrid
uli
namyeni
da
da
sakuTar
fes
- viani
hibrid
uli
2018 13100 4300 4500 4300 3.0 5470 4300 1310 2019 17100 6300 4500 6300 4,0 6500 6300 1710
2020 17100 6300 4500 6300 4,0 6509 6300 1710 2021 23600 7050 9500 7050 8,0 7750 7050 2310 sul I Ietap ze
70900 23950 23000 23950 19,0 31200 23950 7040
2022 25700 3100 9500 9100 8,0 7800 9100 2570 2023 25700 9100 9500 9100 8,0 7800 9100 2570 2024 25700 9100 9500 9100 8,0 7800 9100 2570 2025 25700 9100 9500 9100 8,0 7800 9100 2570 2026 25700 9100 9500 9100 8,0 7800 9100 2570 II etapi pi
138500 45500 47500 45500 40,0 39000 45500 12850
sul IdaII etapi
209400 69450 70500 69450 59,0 70200 69400 19890
1. sanergeSi gamoyvanili saerTo raodenobaSi namyeni iqneba 50%, rac SeiZleba Seicvalos konkretuli pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT
pirvel etapze moewyoba 0,32 ha saTesi ganyofileba (cxr. 2.3) da 1,1 ha
sanerge skola, risTvisac saWiro iqneba 3,2 kg TuTis Tesli da 64,0 aTasi Ziri
Teslnergi (ix. cxrili 2.9).
amave periodSi saWiro iqneba 216 aTasi TuTis kvirti, saidanac
sanergeSi daimynoba 31,0 aTasi, xolo erTeuli nargaobis varjSi-185,0 aTasi.
sakuTarfesviani nergis warmoebisaTvis saWiro kalmebis Rirebuleba sxva
masalebi dawvrilebiT aris warmodgenili cxrilSi 2.13.
pirvel etapze sakuTarfesviani sargavi masalis gamozrda Catardeba
sofel amaRlebis samkurnalo wylis bazaze ise, rogorc wina wlebSi
16
mowyobili liTonis milebis gamoyenebiT (samomavlod, saTanado gamocdis
Semdeg, SeiZleba milgayvaniloba Seicvalos plastmasis milebiT), xolo
gafarTovebis SemTxvevaSi moewyoba sakuTarfesviani nergis warmoebis “mcire
industria”, rac daaCqarebs qveynis meabreSumeobis ganviTarebas, fuladi
Semosavlebis gadidebas da mosaxleobis ojaxuri biujetis ganmtkicebas.
Mmoxmarebuli namyeni, sakuTarfesviani da hibriduli
nergis Rirebuleba1 vanis raionSi
cxrili 2.2
weli etapi
sul (aTasi lari)
nergis Rirebuleba2
namyeni
sakuTarfesviani
hibriduli
2018 29668 11715 12375 5578 2019 38016 17325 12375 8316 2020 38016 17325 12375 8316 2021 54788 19387 26095 9306 sul I I etapze
160488 65752 63220 31516
2022 23162 25025 26125 12012 2023 23162 25025 26125 12012 2024 23162 25025 26125 12012 2025 63162 25025 26125 12012 2026 63162 25025 26125 12012 II etapze 315810 125125 130625 60060 sul orive etapze
476298
190877
193835
91576
1. dazRvevis (10%) CaTvliT;
2. erTwliani standartuli namyeni da sakuTarfesviani nergis Rirebuleba gaTvaliswinebulia 2,5 lari, xolo hibriduli nergisa -1,2 lari.
17
vanis raionis sof.SuamTaSi sanergis mowyoba,
Teslnergebisa da nergebis warmoeba
cxrili 2.3.
wel
i
moewyoba gamoizrdeba nergi (Ziri) s
aTes
i
sko
la (ha)
gamoiz
rdeb
a
Tes
lnergi
(aTas
i Ziri)
s
aner
ge
sko
la
(ha)
d
airgveba
gaixar
ebs
(90%
)
maT Soris
namyeni (50%)
hibriduli (50%)
2017 0,05 10,0 0,16 9560 8600 2018 0,05 10,0 0,16 9560 8600 4300 4300 2019 0,07 14,0 0,23 14000 12500 6300 6300 2020 0,07 14,0 0,23 14000 12500 6300 6300 2021 0,08 16,0 0,26 15600 14100 7050 7050 sul IetapSi
0,32 64 1,04 62720 55900 23950 56430
2022 0,9 18,0 0,30 18000 16200 8100 8100 2023 0,10 20,0 0,34 20400 18360 9180 9180 2024 0,10 20,0 0,34 20400 18360 9180 9180 2025 0,10 20,0 0,34 20400 18360 9180 9180 2026 0,10 20,0 0,34 20400 18360 9180 9180 II etapi
0,49
98,0 1,66 99600 89640 44820 44820
1 da II etapi
0,81 162,0 2,70 162300 145200 68720 66700
1. saTes ganyofilebaSi Teslnergebis saheqtaro mosavlianoba navaraudevia 200,0 aTasi Ziris farglebSi
2. sanergeSi 1 ha farTobze dairgveba 60,0 aTasi Ziri Teslnergi. aqedan samynobad ivargebs daaxloebiT 60 %.
3. namyeni nergebis SenarCuneba navaraudevia saSualod 60 %.
saWiro sargavi masala unda vawarmooT rogorc sanergeSi mynobiT
(SuamTa) ise amaRlebis bunebrivad Tbili wylis (wylebis) bazaze mowyobil
Termiul moednebze sakuTarfesviani nergebis warmoebisaTvis. sakvlev
raionSi 2018 wels arsebuli TuTis foTlis maragi (cxrili 2.4) Seadgens
8,4 tonas, xolo pirveli etapis dasrulebisas - 65 tonas, xolo meore
etapis dasrulebisas 350 tonaze meti iqneba, rac amdenive kolofi Wiis
gamosakvebad iqneba sakmarisi.
18
miTiTebuli masalebis paralelurad cxrilebSi 2.5, 2.6, 2.7 da 2.8
motanilia Sesabamisad TiToeul ha farTobze Teslnergebis, hibriduli,
namyeni da sakuTarfesviani nergebis warmoebis agroteqnikisa da
ekonomikuri maCveneblebis ZiriTadi parametrebi, rasac warmatebiT
gamoiyeneben sxva regionebSic. aseTi midgomiT konkretuli pirobebis
gaTvaliswinebiT Seiqmneba dargis ganviTarebis sainvesticio programa
(2017_2026 w.w.) da kooperativ “saCinos” Camoyalibebis safuZveli. proeqtiT
gaTvaliswinebuli nergebis warmoebisaTvis saWiro samynobi masalebi,
mineraluri sasuqebi, foTlis mosavlianoba da sxva saWiro maCveneblebi
warmodgenilia 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.9,2.10, 2.11, 2.12 cxrilebSi.
TuTis foTlis maragi 2017-2026 wlebSi gaSenebuli
nargaobidan mosalodneli mosavali (t) vanis raonSi1
cxrili 2.4.
wel
i
arsebuli erTeuli nargaoba (aTsi Ziri)
mosalodneli foTlis raodenoba (t)
2017-2026 wlebSi gaSenebuli nargaobidan miiReba
iqneba foToli sul (t)
sul maT Soris
plantacia erTeuli nargaoba
2017 8.4 21,0 21,0 2018 8,4 25,0 25,0 2019 8,4 29,0 29,0 2020 8,4 33,0 33,0 2021 8,4 42,0 23 8,0 15,0 65,0 2022 45,0 48,0 10,0 38,0 93,0 2023 46,0 115,0 47,0 68,0 161,0 2024 46,0 193,0 81,0 112,0 245,0 2025 46,0 275,0 134,0 141,0 321,0 2026 46,0 304,0 144,0 160,0 350,0
1. 2016 wlis monacemebiT 178 ha plantacia mTlianad ganadgurebuli iyo, xolo arsebuli erTeuli nargaobis 2-3 % Tu aris SemorCenili.
19
saTesi ganyofilebis movla-moyvanis xarjebi, Teslnergebis
gamosavlianoba, TviTRirebuleba da rentabeloba SuamTis meTuTeobis
sanergeSi
(dargobrivi biujeti)
cxrili 2.5
# maCveneblebi
zomis erTeuli
raodenoba
fasi (lari) erTeulis sul
1. TuTis Tesli pirveli klasis 1kg 9.0 35 315 2. warmoebuli Teslnergebis
raodenoba da Rirebuleba aTasi Ziri
200 0,10 20000
3. saeqsploatacio xarjebi: lari 10 743 -TuTis Tesli 1kg 9 10 315 -nakeli, komposti tona 30 10 300 -mineraluri sasuqebi:
nitroamfoska W16
P16
K 16 (an sxva
sasuqebi agrowesebis mixedviT)
kg
250 1,2 288
Sxam-qimikatebi: litri 1.5 30 45 a) mavne mwerebis sawinaaRmdego
b) daavadebis profilaqtikisaTvis propanebis Semcveli preparatebi
kg
3.0
20
45
sarwyavi wylis Rirebuleba lari - - 800 sawvav_sapoxi masalebi (oTxjeradi
damuSaveba, kultivacia (5X17=85 kg)
kg 85
2,0
170
gauTvakiswinebeli xarjebi lari - - 765 Sromis anazRaureba (380-400
kac\dRe) kaci 400 20 8000
4. mudmivi fiqsirebuli xarjebi 133 miwis gadasaxadi ha 1,0 50 50 qonebis gadasaxadi saSemosavlo gadasaxadi damatebiTi Rirebuleba amortizacia lari - - 45 teqnikis remontis xarjebi lari - - 38 5. sul pirdapira danaxarjebi (3+4) lari 10878 6. zednadebi xarjebi lari 250 7. sul danaxarjebi (5+6) lari 11228 8. marJinaluri mogeba(2-3) lari - - 9257 9. mogeba (2-5) lari - - 9122 01
aTasi Ziri Teslnergis TviTRirebuleba kap. dabandebis gareSe (6:2)
lari
-
-
503
11 warmoebis rentabeloba (9:5)X100 procenti - - 84
20
SuamTaSi 1 ha saZireTa nakveTis gaSeneba da hibriduli nergis gamozrdis
xarjebi, TviTRirebuleba da rentabeloba (dargobrivi biujeti)
cxrili 2.6.
# maCveneblebi
zomis erTeuli
raodenoba
fasi (lari) erTeulis sul
1. Teslnergi (dazRvevis CaTvliT)
aTasi Ziri 66 10 6600
2. gamoizrdeba nergi (hibriduli)
aTasi Ziri 32 - -
3. miiReba nergis realizaciidan
aTasi lari 32
4. saeqsploatacio xarjebi
lari
- -
16338
maT Soris: -Teslnergebis (dazRvevis CaTvliT) Rirebuleba
aTasi Ziri
66,0
100
6 600
-sasuqebis nitroamifoska W
16 P
16
K 16 (an sxva sasuqebi
agrowesebis mixedviT)
kg
230
1.2
276
Sxam-qimikatebi: a.daavadebis profilaqtikisaTvis propinebis Semcveli preparatebi
kg
3.5
20.0
70
b. fesvis sidamplis sawinaaRmdego preparatebi
kg
1.0
40.0
40
sarwyavi wylis Rirebuleba
lari
-
-
1150
sawvav-sapoxi masalebi (oTxjeradi dam,uSaveba, kultivacia, nergebis amoReba)
kg
260
2.0
520
gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi
lari
- - 1980
Sromis anazRaureba (380-400 kac|dRe)
kac.dRe 320 20.0 6400
5. mudmivi fiqsirebuli xarjebi
lari
143
miwis gadasaxadi 50 qonebis da
saSemosavlo gadasaxadi da damatebiTi Rirebuleba
amortizacia lari 48
21
teqnikis remontis daricxvis xarjebi
lari
-
-
45
6. sul pirdapiri danaxarjebi
lari
16481
7. zednadebi xarjebi lari 850 8. sul danaxarjebi (6+7) lari 17329 9. marJinaluri mogeba (3-
4) lari 22064
10. mogeba (3-6) lari 21369 11 warmoebuli
produqciis (nergi) TviTRirebuleba (6:2)
lari
0.52
12 warmoebis rentabeloba (10:6)X100
%
120
1 ha saZireTa nakveTis gaSeneba da erTwliani namyeni nergebis gamozrdis
xarjebi, TviTRirebuleba da rentabeloba SuamTis sanerge meurneobaSi
(dargobrivi biujeti)
cxrili 2.7.
# maCveneblebi
zomis erTeuli
raodenoba
fasi (lari) erTeulis sul
1. wina wlis saZireTa nakveTidan kuTvnili Tanxebi
lari 23926 23926
2.
gamoizrdeba nergi: a. namyeni b. hibriduli
aTasi Ziri aTasi Ziri
22.0 4.0
- -
- -
3. miiReba nergebis realizaciidan
aTasi lari 49,8
a. namyeni “_” 18.0 2,5 45,0 b. hibriduli “_” 4,0 1,2 4,8 4. saeqsploatacio
xarjebi lari - - 16 402
- jiSiani TuTis kvirti
aTasi cali 30,0 16,0 526
namyenis Sesaxvevi lenta
kg 30,0 5,0 150
sarwyavi wyali lari - - 1150 sasuqi: nitroamofoska
W16
P 16
K 16
(an amoniumis gvarjila 34,4%, fosfori-18,5 %, kaliumis marili 40%)
kg
250
1,2
305
Sxamqimikatebi: Aa)sarevelebis
lari
3,0
15.0
45,0
22
sawinaaRmdego mlfosfatis Semcveli preparatebi
b)daavadebis profilaqtikisaTvis propinebis Semcveli preparatebi
kg
3.0
20.0
60.0
gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi
lari - - 566
Sromis anazRaureba kac.dRe 320 20,0 7000 5. mudmivi fiqsirebuli
xarjebi lari 145
maT Soris: miwis gadasaxadi
50
qonebis gadasaxadi, saSemosavlo gadasaxadi
amortizacia - - 51 teqnikis remontis
danaxarjebi
44 6. sul pirdapiri
danaxarjebi(1+4+5)
40483 7. zednadebi xarjebi lari 249 8. sul danaxarjebi (6+7) 40732 9. marJinaruli mogeba (3-
4) lari 33398
10 mogeba (3-^6) lari 9317 11 warmoebuli 1 Ziri
nergis TviTRirebuleba kap. dabandebis gareSe (6:2)
lari
-
-
1,7
12 warmoebis rentabeloba (10:6) 100 %
%
-
-
23
1 ha sanergidan erTwliani nergebis warmoebis Sedegebi
da ekonomikuri efeqtianoba1.
cxrili 2.8.
# maCvenelebi zomis erTeuli (aTasi Ziri)
Rirebuleba (lari)
1 miiRommiiRo TuTis nergi sul 25,0 - maT Soris:
a) namyeni 20,0
2,50
b) hibriduli 5,0 1,2 2. produqciis realizaciidan
miRebuli amonagebi aTasi lari
56,0
maT Soris:
23
a) namyeni (20 aTasi ZiriX2,50 lari)
aTasi lari 50,0
b) hibriduli (5 aTasi ZiriX1,2 lari)
“-------“ 6,0
3. mTliani danaxarjebi sul “-------“ 40732 maT Soris: a) pirdapiri xarjebi “---------“ 40483 b) fiqsirebuli xarjebi “-------“ 145 g) sxva xarjebi “---------“ 104 4. TviTRirebuleba: maT Soris: a) namyeni 1 Ziri nergis lari 1,85 b) hibriduli 1Ziri nergis lari 0,52 5. mogeba(2- lari 9517 6. rentabeloba % 23,0
1. igulisxmeba sruli cikli: 0,25 ha saTesi skola, Sesabamisi saZireTa
nakveTis (1 ha) gaSeneba da mesame wels erTwliani nergebis warmoeba
proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli TuTis sanergis mowyobilobisaTvis saWiro
Teslis, kvirtis, Teslnergis raodenoba da Rirebuleba vanis raionSi1.
cxrili 2.9.
weli etapi
saWiro sadazRveo fondis (10%)
CaTvliT
Rirebuleba (lari)
sax
vevi mas
ala
s
ul (aT
asi
lar
i)
Tes
li
(kg
.)
Tes
lnergi
(aTas
i
Zir
i)
kvirti (aTasi cali)
maT Soris
saner
geS
i
varjSi
Tes
li
kvir
ti
Tes
lnergi
(aTas
i Ziri)
2017 0,5 10,0 28,0 _ 28,0 17,5 448,0 1,0 112,0 578,5
2018 0,5 10,0 40,2 5,2 35,0 17,5 643,0 1,0 161,0 822,5 2019 0,7 14,0 44,2 8,2 35,0 24,5 707,2 1,4 176,0 909,7
2020 0,7 14,0 48,2 8,2 70,0 24,5 711,0 1,4 193,0 930,2
2021 0,8 16,0 55,3 9,3 46,0 28,0 900,0 1,1 222,0 1152,12
1 etapi
3,2 64,0 216,0 31,0 185,0 112,0 3409 6,4 864 4392
2022 0,9 18,0 62,6 10,6 52,0 31,5 1101,6 1,8 250,0 1365,0
24
2023 0,10 20,0 71,1 12,1 59,0 35,0 1137,6 2,0 284,0 1458,6
2024 0,10 20,0 82,1 12,1 70,0 35,0 1313,6 2,0 328,0 1678,0
2025 0,10 20,0 91,1 12,1 79,0 35,0 1457,1 2,0 363,0 1857,1
2026 0,10 20,0 96,1 12,1 84,0 35,0 1537,6 2,0 384,0 1958,6
II etapi
4,9 98,0 403,0 59,0 344,0 171,5 6548 9,8 1609 8338,3
sul orive etapi
8,1 162,0 619,0 90,0 529,0 283,6 9957,0 16,2 2476,0 12730
1. 1 kg TuTis Teslis fasi Seadgens 35,0 lars;
2. aTasi cali kvirtis fasia 16,0 lari;
3. aTasi cali Teslnergis fasia (1000 X 10 TeTri) 100 lari;
4. 1,0 kg asaxvevi lentis Rirebuleba = 4 lars yoveli 100 namyenis
SemTxvevisaTvis.
vanis raionSi meTuTeobaSi mineraluri sasuqebis saWiro
raodenoba da Rirebulebis maCveneblebi
cxrili 2.10. weli
etapi
TuTa saTesi sanerge sul sul
plantac
ia
(ha)
erTeu
li
nargao
ba
(aTas
i Ziri)
saW
iro s
asuqi
(t.)
sul
Rir
ebuleb
a (l
ari)
far
Tobi
(ha)
saW
iro s
asuqi
(kg)
Rir
ebuleb
a (l
ari)
far
Tobi
(ha )
saW
iro s
asuqi
(kg)
Rir
ebuleb
a (l
ari)
saW
iro s
asuqi
(kg)
saW
iro Tanxa
(lar
i)
saW
iro s
asuqi
(t)
saW
iro T
anxa
(lar
i)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 2017 _
_ _ _ 0,05 7,5 9,0 0,16 14,0 12,8 21,5 25,8 0,01 11,0
2018 3 11080 2,0 240,0 0,05 7,5 9,0 0,16 14,0 12,8 2,0 2400 2,0 240,0 2019 4,0 13510 2,5 300,8 0,07 10,5 12,6 0,23 21,0 25,2 2,5 3000 2,5 300,5 2020 4,0 13510 2,5 300,8 0,07 10,5 12,6 0,23 21,0 25,2 2,5 3000 2,5 300,5 2021 8,0 17710 4,0 480,0 0,08 12,0 16,4 0,26 23,0 27,6 4,1 4920 4,0 480,0 I etapi
19,0 55800 11,0 1320,0 0,32 45,0 59,6 1,04 92,0 103,6 11,12 13344 11,1 1332
II etapi
40,0 97350 20,5 2460,0 0,49 72,0 86,4 1,66 147,0 176,4 20,7 24840 20,5 2450
sul 59,0 153150 31,5 3780,0 0,81 118,0
146,0 2,70 229,0 279,0 31,8 38180 31,5 3782
1. sveti 4 =(sveti2+sveti3) X 150kg-ze (sasuqis norma)=saWiro raodenobis
sasuqebis normas plantaciaSi, erTeul nargaobaSi (aTasi Ziri) da
sanergeSi Seadgens 150kg ha-ze (daavadebis gavrcelebis zonaSi);
2. 1 kg nitroamofoska N16
P16
K16 sabazro fasi 2016 wlis maisSi
Seadgenda 1,20 lars, Tumca momdevno periodSi SeiZleba Seicvalos.
25
mosavliani TuTis plantaciis foTlis saheqtaro
mosavlianoba (kg) da saerTo mosavali (t) vanis raionSi
cxrili 2.11.
gaS
enebis
wel
i
dairgo eqspluatacia daiwyeba
ha
aTas
i Ziri 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026
mosavliano
ba
saerTo
mosaval
i mo
savliano
ba
saerTo
mosaval
i
mosavliano
ba
saerTo
mosaval
i
mosavliano
ba
saerTo
mosaval
i
mosavliano
ba
saerTo
mosaval
i
mosavliano
ba
saerTo
mosaval
i
2018 3,0
3300
2,5
8,2
3,0
10,0
4,0
13,0
5,0
15,0
6,0
20,0
7,0
23.0
2019 4,0
4400
2,5
11,3
3,0
13,0
4,0
18,0
5,0
22,0 6,0
26,0
2020 8,0
8800
2,5
21,0
3,0
26,0
4,0
35,0 5,0
44,0
2021 8,0
8880
2,5
21,0
3,0
26,0 4,0
35,0
2022 8,0
8880
2,5
21,0 3,0
26,0
2023 8,0
8880
2024 8,0
8880
2025 8,0
8880
2026 8,0
8880
_
8,2
_ 10,0
_ 47,0
_ 81,0
_ 134,00
_ 144,0
1. gaTvaliswinebulia saSualo Stambiani nargaoba (3X3),
rigTaSorisebSi rekomendebuli kulturebis warmoebiT. amasTan, Tu
plantaciis gaSenebis sqema Seicvleba konkretuli pirobebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, foTlis saerTo mosavlianoba Sesabamisad
Seicvleba.
2. sul namyeni da sakuTarfesviani.
26
TuTis erTeuli nargaobis mosavlianoba (kg) da saerTo mosavali (t)
vanis raionSi
cxrili 2.12.
gaS
enebis
wel
i
sul mcenar
eTa rao
denoba
(aTas
i Ziri eqspluatacia daiwyeba
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
1 mc
enar
idan
saerTo
mosaval
i sul
1 mc
enar
idan
saerTo
mosaval
i sul
1 mc
enar
idan
saerTo
mosaval
i sul
1 mc
enar
idan
saerTo
mosaval
i sul
1 mc
enar
idan
saerTo
mosaval
i sul
1 mc
enar
idan
saerTo
mosaval
i sul
2018 9770 1,5 15,0 2,0 20,0 2,5 24,0 3,0 29,0 4,0 39,0 5,0 49,0
2019 12800 1,5
18,0 2,0
26,0 2,5
35,0 3,0
38,0 4,0
71,0
2020 12800 1,5
18,0 2,0
26,0 2,5
35,0 3,0
38,0
2021 14800 1,5
22,0 2,0
29,0 2,5
47,0
2022 16900 1,5 25,0
2023 16900
2024 16900
2025 16900
2026 16900
sul _ _ 15,0 _ 38,0 _ 68,0 _ 112,0 _ 141,1 _ 160,0
27
2.2. bunebrivi Tbili wylis bazaze TuTis daavadeba foTlis
sixuWuWisadmi SedarebiT gamZle jiSebis nazamTri kalmebiT
dafesvianeba da ekonomikuri efeqtianoba
vanis raionSi, bunebrivi Tbili wylebis siuxve, metad xelsayrelia
TuTis nazamTri kalmebiT sakuTarfesviani nergis warmoebisaTvis.
msoflioSi nazamTri kalmis dafesvianebis problema (meTodebi) mecnieruli
siRrmiT aris Seswavlili da mdidari literaturac arsebobs.
saqarTveloSi, TuTis nazamTri kalmis gamTbar gruntSi dafesvianebis
problemaze warmatebiT muSaobda g. zviadaZe da b. sakandeliZe (70-iani
wlebi) da bevri saintereso sakiTxi gadawyvites. amasTan, Termiul moedanze
temperaturuli reJimis damyarebis mizniT sargeblobdnen komunaluri
saqvabidan miRebuli cxeli orTqliT, rac gaumarTleblad did sarjebTan
iyo dakavSirebuli. iaffasiani energetikuli wyaroebis moZiebis (g.
nikoleiSvili, k. ebanoiZe, z. xarSilaZe) periodSi (1972 w.) pirvelad yofil
sabWoTa kavSirSi moewyo Termiuli moedani vanis raionis sofel
amaRlebaSi da saukeTeso Sedegi iyo miRebuli. dafesvianeba Seadgenda:
“nezumigaesis” 92 %, “oSimas”_91 %, “quTaisuri-1”-97 %, “quTaisuri_2”-89 %,
“iveria”-83 %, “quTaTuri”-79 %, “rusulis”-70 % (sur. 2.1), xolo danarCenebis-
ufro dabali iyo.
sur. 2.1.Tbil gruntSi dafesvianebuli nergebi
(vanis raioni, sof. amaRleba, 1972 weli).
28
29
2.2.1. niadagis SerCeva da Ria Termuli moednis momzadeba
(seqciebis montaJi da Termul moedanze niadagis momzadeba)
a) Termuli moednis mosawyobad unda SeirCes humusiT mdidari, noyieri,
fxvieri, wyalgamtari niadagi;
b) Termuli moednis mosawyobad gankuTvnili farTobidan buldozeriT
unda moiWras da amoRebuli iqnes 35 sm sisqis zeda fena da zedapiri
moswordes_moSandakdes;
g) Termul moedanze, liTonis milebi1 (diametriT 50 mm) paralelurad unda
ganlagdes seqciebad (sur. 2.3)2, milebs Soris manZili unda iyos 50-60 sm,
xolo sigrZe 18-20 m; milebis SeerTeba moxdeba kuTxvilebis saSualebiT.
suraTi 2.3. Termul moedanze liTonis (plastmasis) milebis ganlagebis
sqema
1-Termuli moedani 20X20 m (F=400m2); 2-liTonis (plastmasis mili), Ф50 mm;
3_gadabmis kuTxovana (Ф50mm); 4-onkani; 5-cxeli wylis wyaro; 6-sawreti arxi.
SeniSvna
1. liTonis milebi garkveuli dakvirvebebis da eqsperimentebis Semdeg SeiZleba
Seicvala SedarebiT iafi plastmasis milebiT.
2. winamdebare proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebulia mcire mewarmeTa moTxovnebze 400-1000 m2-
mde sididis Termomoednis mosawyobad, xolo msxvili warmoeba_specialuri
proeqtis safuZvelze unda ganxorcieldes.
cxeli wylis wyarodan miwodebuli wyali milebSi moZraobs
wriulad da yvela milis gavlis Semdeg gadadis sawret arxSi.
30
milebis SemSveb da gamSveb boloebSi daidgmeba onkanebi,
romlebic saWiroebis mixedviT aregulireben wylis saWiro
raodenobas da siCqares, ris mixedviTac SesaZlebelia sasurveli
temperaturis damyareba.
seqciebi unda daifaros 30-35 sm sisqis humusiani mdidari
nakeliT an mdinare rionis SlamiT ganoyierebuli, kargad
gafxvierebuli niadagiT. am mizniT SeiZleba gamoviyenoT adgilze
aRebuli moxsnili sufTa niadagis noyieri fenac.
2.2.2. niadagis temperaturis regulireba, sakontrolo Semowmeba, kalmebis motana, dasargavad gamzadeba da dargva.
a) plastmasis milebis seqciaSi Semavali wylis temperatura (40_850) unda
regulirdebodes 36_38 0C zRvrebSi, xolo niadagis temperatura_ seqciebis
@24 saaTis datvirTvis Semdeg Semaval adgilze 27-280C, gamaval seqciebSi
praqtikulad 10-12 0C –mde iqneba.
b) sakontrolo SemowmebiT Tu dadasturda 25 sm siRrmeze niadagis 27_280 C
gaTboba, maSin SesaZlebelia dargvis dawyeba.
dasargavi kalmebi unda gamotanili iqnes dargvis wina dRes da
momzaddes dasargavad;
g) macivarSi, sardafSi, Tu polieTilenis parkSi Srnaxuli totebi
unda daiWras daaxloebiT 5-6 kvirtis igrZis kalmebad mWreli iaraRiT,
ise, WrilobasTan kani ar unda daziandes. kalmis qveda Wriloba iyos
swori zedapirisa da kvirtidan 1-1,5 sm daSorebiT.
d)kalmebis dasrgavad milebis paralelurad niadagSi unda gaiWimos
swori larebi erTmaneTisagan 50-60 sm daSorebiT, xolo mcenareTa
Soris 10-12 sm-iT; niadagis morwyvamde 3-4 dRiT adre larebis
gaswvriv, erTmaneTisagan 10-12 sm daSorebiT (bijiT) unda gakeTdes 20-
25 sm siRrmis xvrelebi xis an rkinis paloTi, romelTa diametri
dasargavi kalmebis diametrze cota naklebi unda iyos. kalmebi
niadagSi unda Caewyos zedapirze 2 kvirtis datovebiT; dargul
kalmebs niadagis zedapirze miwa kargad unda mietkepnos, rom
xvrelSi sicariele ar darCes. kalmebis morwyva unda moewyos
dargvisTanave, raTa kalmebTan niadagis kontaqti ufro mWidro iyos.
vegetaciis periodSi niadagSi morwyva, gafxviereba, sarevelebidan
gawmenda, zedmeti ylortebis Secvla da sxva samuSaoebi tardeba
agroteqnikiT gaTvaliswinebuli normebis mixedviT.
e) dargvis vadebi cvalebadobs konkretuli bunebriv-klimaturi
pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT - konkretulad, amaRlebisa da mimdebare
teritoriaze mowyobil moedanze. kalmebis Cargvis optimaluri
31
periodia martis pirveli naxevari, xolo dagvianebis SemTxvevaSi
sasurveli Sedegi ar miiReba da RonisZieba nakleb efeqturi iqneba.
v) nergebis amoReba tardeba BbariT “Semodgomaze foTolcvenis
dawyebidan yinvebis dadgomamde” ise, rom arc milebi davazianoT da
arc nergis fesvebi. nergebis mimarxva, dacva da a.S. tardeba
agrowesebis mixedviT.
seqciebSi Tbili wylis miwodeba unda SevwyvitoT (daaxloebiT
dargvidan 30-40 dRe) maSin , roca fuZis adgilze gaCndeba kalusi da
daiwyeba fesvTa sistemis ganviTareba (sur. 2.2).
2.2.3. kalmebis aWris vadebi, damzadeba da Senaxva
a) kalmebi unda damzaddes sadede mcenareebidan, xilo Tu aseTi ar arsebobs,
maSin unda damzaddes winaswar SerCeuli rekomendebuli mcenareebidan1.
bunebrivi Tbili wylis bazaze nazamTri kalmebis dafesvianebis mizniT
isini aRebuli unda iqnas TebervalSi (“oSima”, “nezumigaesi”, “quTaisuri-1”,
“quTaisuri-2”) kvirtebis dabervis win, an aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi (“iveria”,
“quTaTuri”) _ cota ufro dagvianebiT SerCeuli jiSebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
b) mynobis SemTxvevaSi kalmebad iWreba erTwliani totebi, romelTac mkvrivi
merqani da wvrili guli aqvT, xolo kalmiT dafesvianebis SemTxvevaSi ufro
msxvili totebis aWrac SeiZleba.
totebi unda daiWras daaxloebiT 10-12 kvirtis sigrZis kalmebad mWreli
iaraRiT, ise rom WrilobasTan kani ar unda daziandes. kalmis qveda
Wriloba unda iyos swori zedapiris da da kvirtidan 1_1,5 sm daSorebiT;
moWrili kalmebi unda dalagdes kvirtis mimarTulebiT da Seikras
konebad, TiToeulSi 30-40 cali kalmis raodenobiT; konebs unda miekras
etiketi warweriT, sadac miTiTebuli iqneba sadede xis jiSi an SerCeuli
jiSis adgilmdebareoba, saxelwodrba da a.S. g) Tebervlis bolomde mcire raodenobis konebad Sekruli kalmebi SeiZleba
Seinaxos sardafSi, niadagSi mowyobil specialur ormoebSi da polieTilenis
parkebSi. am mizniT konebad Sekruli kalmebi Cargvamde unda inaxebodes gril
adgilze, odnav namian silaSi, naxerxSi an fxvier miwaSi naxevramde Cafluli, ise
rom zed kargad hqondes mitkepnili sila an miwa; amasTan metad martivia kalmis
moTavseba polieTilenis parkSi. konebad Sekruli kalmebi unda moTavsdes 50X80
sm an 60X100 sm zomis polieTilenis parkSi. TiToeul parkSi kalmis diametris
gaTvaliswinebiT ganTavsdeba 3-4 kona anu 150-200 kalami, romelTa boloebi unda
daifaros siliT an naxerxiT.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. sasurvelia SeirCes iseTi mcenareebi, romelic adre amaRlebis saTburidan gamozrdili
nergebiT aris gavrcelebuli mosaxleobaSi (vaJa gabunia).
32
d)kategoriulad akrZalulia TuTis kalmebis gadatana daavadeba “foTlis
sixuWuWis” gacrcelebis zonidan jansaR zonaSi.
2.2.4. bunebrivi Tbili wylis bazaze Ria Termomoednis mowyoba, mizanSewoniloba da ekonomikuri efeqtianoba
TuTis sargavi masalis warmoebis daCqareba da Tbili wylebis
(soflebi amaRleba, dixaSxo, cixesulori, WyviSi) miznobriv gamoyeneba
ori wliT daaCqarebs iaffasiani da maRalxarisxovani sargavi masalis
warmoebas. (aRniSnuli wylebi mdebareobs mdinare rionis marcxena napirze
aluviur niadagebze, rac uaRresad xelmisawvdomia).
Cveni gaangariSebiT saWiro masalebis sabazro Rirebulebebis
gaTvaliswinebiT (sabiTumo fasebi ufro dabalia) TuTis nergis warmoebis
amsaxveli masalebi motanilia cxrilSi 2.13. Cveni gaangariSebiT 400 m2
(kapitaluri dabandeba) saTburs moemsaxureba ara erTi wliT, aramed
xangrZlivi drois (7-8 weli) ganmavlobaSi da nergis TviTRirebulebaSic
amortizaciis saxiT unda SevitanoT.
bunebrivi Tbili wylis bazaze Ria Termomoednis mowyobis danaxarjebi
da TuTis nergis TviTRirebuleba F=400 m2 (masala-liTonis milebi)
cxrili 2.13.
# d a n a x a r j e b i zomis erTeuli
raodenoba fasi (lari)
erTeulis sul
1 2 3 4 5 6 1. dasafesvianebeli kalmebis
raodenoba aTasi cali 8.0 160 1280
2. warmoebuli nergebi aTasicali 4500 - - 3. nergebis realizaciiT miRebuli
Tanxa 4500 2,50 11200
4. Termomoednis mowyobis kapitaluri xarji
lari _ _ 10465
maT Soris: -50 mm liTonis mili m 800 8,0 6400 -100 mm liTonis mili m 55 18,0 1000 -onkani 50 mm cali 2 30,0 60,0 -milebis gadasabmeli 50 mm
quroebi ( d= 50 mm) cali 4 55,0 110
-milebis SesaerTebeli liTonis kuTxvilebi ( d= 50 mm)
cali 80 5,0 400
33
-milebis gadazidvis (transportirebis) xarjebi
lari _ _ 400
-wylis hidravlikuri tumbo cali 1 500 500 -nakveTis SesaRobi boZebi da
mavTulebi lari _ _ 765
-400 m2 farTobze 35 sm siRrmeze niadagis moWra da gatana
lari _ _ 280
-eqskavatoriT Slamis amoReba, manqanebis datvirTva da saTburebamde mitana
lari _ _ 250
-liTonis milebis SeduRebis da seqciebad mowyobis xarjebi
lari _ _ 300
5. -saeqspluatacio xarjebi lari _ _ 2552 maT Soris -dasafesvianebeli kalmebis
raodenoba aTasi cali
8,0 160 1280
-nakeli -komposti tona 2,0 10 20 -mineraluri sasuqi-
nitroamofoska N
16 P
16 K
16
kg 10 1.20 12
Sxamqimikatebi, propinebis Semcveli preparatebi
kg 0,5 20,0 10
-sawvav_sapoxi masalebi kg 100 2.0 200 -sxva xarjebi lari _ _ 80 -saTburis teritoriaze
Seziduli Slamis gasworeba xeliT
kac|dRe 5,0 20 100
-kalmebis damzadeba da niadagSi Cawyoba
kac\dRe 4,0 20 80
-dafesvianebuli mcenareebis movlis samuSaoebi (Toxna, morwyva, gafxviereba, zedmeti ylortebis Secla)
kac\dRe 4,0 20 80
-nergis amoReba xeliT (150 Ziri) kac\dRe 30 20 600 -sxvadasxva samuSaoebi kac\dRe 4.0 20 80 6. mudmivi fiqsirebuli xarjebi: 2037
miwis, qonebis da saSemosavlo gadasaxadi
lari 3,0
damatebiTi Rirebuleba (sagadasaxado ganakveTis 18 %) 10-is 18%
lari
-
amortizacia lari - - 1866 gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi
(8 %) 168
7. sul pirdapiri xarjebi (5 + 6) lari 4589
8. zednadebi xarjebi lari 350 9. sul danaxarjebi (7 + 8) lari 4939 10. marJinaluri mogeba (3_7) lari _ _ 6611 11. mogeba (3-9) lari 6261
34
12. warmoebis sruli TviTRirebuleba kapital dabandebis gareSe (5+6:2)
lari 1,0
13. produqciis rentabeloba (11:7)X100
% 142
bunebrivi Tbili wylis bazaze Ria Termomoednis mowyobis danaxarjebi
da TuTis nergis TviTRirebuleba F=400 m2 (masala plastmasis milebi)1.
cxrili 2.14.
# d a n a x a r j e b i zomis erTeuli
raodenoba fasi (lari)
erTeulis sul
1 2 3 4 5 6 1. dasafesvainebeli kalmebis
raodenoba aTasi cali 8.0 160 1280
2. warmoebuli nergebi aTasicali 4500 - - 3. nergebis realizaciiT miRebuli
Tanxa 4500 2,50 11200
4. Termomoednis mowyobis kapitaluri xarji
lari _ _ 5460
maT Soris: -50 mm plastmasis mili m 800 4,0 3200 -100 mm plastmasis mili m 55 5,0 275 -onkani 50 mm cali 2 21.0 42 -milebis gadasabmeli 50 mm quro
(plastmasis) cali 120 0,55 66
-milebis SesaerTebeli kuTxvilebi (plastmasis)
cali 80 0,70 56
-milebis gadazidvis (transportirebis) xarjebi
lari _ _ 400
-wylis hidravlikuri tumbo cali 1 32 32 -nakveTis SesaRobi boZebi da
mavTulebi lari _ _ 765
-400 m2 farTobze 35 sm siRrmeze niadagis moWra da gatana
lari _ _ 280
-eqskavatoriT Slamis amoReba, manqanebis datvirTva da saTburebamde mitana
lari _ _ 250
-plastmasis milebis xelis uToTi SeduRebis da seqciebad mowyobis xarjebi
lari _ _ 100
5. -saeqsploatacio xarjebi (1-11) lari _ _ 2552 maT Soris -dasafesvianebeli kalmebis
raodenoba aTasi cali
8,0 160 1280
-nakeli -komposti tona 2,0 10 20
35
-mineraluri sasuqi-nitroamofoska N
16 P
16 K
16
kg 10 1.20 12
Sxamqimikatebi, propinebis Semcveli preparatebi
kg 0,5 20,0 10
-sawvav_sapoxi masalebi kg 100 2.0 200 -sxva xarjebi lari _ _ 80 -saTburis teritoriaze
Seziduli Slamis gasworeba xeliT
kac|dRe 5,0 20 100
-kalmebis damzadeba da niadagSi Cawyoba
kac\dRe 4,0 20 80
-dafesvianebuli mcenareebis movlis samuSaoebi (Toxna, morwyva, gafxviereba, zedmeti ylortebis Secla)
kac\dRe 4,0 20 80
-nergis amoReba xeliT (150ha) kac\dRe 30 20 600 -sxvadasxva samuSaoebi kac\dRe 4.0 20 80 6. mudmivi fiqsirebuli xarjebi: 990 miwis, qonebis da saSemosavlo
gadasaxadi da damatebiTi Rirebuleba
lari 3,0
amortizacia ( 4-is 15 %) lari - - 819,0 gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi lari 168 7. sul pirdapiri xarjebi lari 3532
8. zednadebi xarjebi lari 350 9. sul danaxarjebi (7+8) lari 3882 10. marJinaluri mogeba (3_7) lari _ _ 7668 11. mogeba (3-9) lari 7318 12. warmoebis sruli
TviTRirebuleba (5+6:2) lari 0,78
13. produqciis rentabeloba (11:7)X100
210
1. cxriliT 2.14 unda visargebloT, rodesac Tbili wylis wyaros sawyisi
temperatura iqneba 700-800 C.
gaangariSebiT Termuli moednis mowyobaze dabandebuli kapitaluri
saSualebani liTonis an plastmasis milebi, milebis SeerTebis detalebi, wylis
hidravlikuri tumbo, mavTulbade da sxva) proeqtis mixedviT momsaxureba
Seesabameba ara erT sezons, aramed sul mcire 7 weliwads da erTi Ziri nergis
TviTRirebuleba iqneba daaxlorbiT 0,78 lari, amasTan gasaTvaliswinebelia isic,
rom Tu kalmebi optimalur vadaSi (martis pirvel naxevarSi) Caewyoba niadagSi,
dafesvianeba saSualod 80 % mainc miaRwevs da nergebis TviTRirebulebac
Sesabamisad Semcirdeba. analogiurad gaizrdeba efeqtianoba intensifikaciis donis
Sesabamisad.
adre arsebul sanergeebSi namyenTa gaxareba_SenarCuneba ukiduresad dabali
iyo da TiToeuli Ziri nergis faqtiuri TviTRirebuleba 2,5_3,0 –jer aRemateboda
36
Termomoednidan miRebul nergebis Sesabamis MmaCveneblebs. amasTan, Termiuli
moednis yovel 1,0 m2 farTobze SeiZleba miviRoT daaxloebiT 4_5-jer meti nergi,
vidre Cveulebrivi sanergedan.
Sromis organizaciis TvalsazrisiT isic gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom Termiul
moedanze samuSaoTa didi nawili sruldeba zamTarsa da adre gazafxulze, roca
muSaxeli SedarebiT Tavisufalia; amasTan igi organizaciulad misaRebi,
ekologiurad sufTa da ekonomikurad gamarTlebulia.
2.3. parkis (grenis) warmoeba, pirveladi damuSaveba, xami Zafis
amoxveva, realizacia da ekonomikuri efeqtianoba
meabreSumeoba, Tanmimdevrulad gavrceldeba raionis municipalitetis
yvela (21) terituriul organizaciasa da sofelSi (42), arsebuli
(mosalodneli) sakvebi bazis, SromiTi resursebis da miwis savargulebis
yvelaze racionalurad gamoyenebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
pirvel wlebSi saWiro iqneba ucxouri grenis Semotana (an
adgilobrivis moZieba), xolo Semdgom periodSi adgilobrivi grena iqneba
gamoyenebuli (arsebuli sagrenaJo qarxnis bazaze, SeiZleba moewyos mini qarxana,
rac daakmayofilebs rogorc adgilobriv, ise mimdebare raionis moTxovnilebebs).
regionis TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT upiratesoba unda mieniWos TuTis
abreSumxvevias diRmuris jgufs da sxva rekomendebul jiSebs, movla-
moyvanis axali teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT.
programis pirvel periodSi warmoebuli parkis p\d Catardeba adre
arsebuli punqtebis (6) bazaze Camoyalibebul (1) punqtze, xolo Semdeg
uaxlesi teqnikiTa da teqnologiebiT AaRWurvili punqtebiT. amasTan
uaxloes wlebSi, Tu moxerxda cocxali parkis amosaxvevi mcire warmadobis
danadgarebis SeZena kustaruli rewvisaTvis, wingadadgmuli nabiji iqneba.
sainvesticio proeqtis mTeli periodisaTvis realizebuli grenis, cocxali
da haermSrali parkis, xami Zafis warmoebis maCveneblebi warmodgenilia
cxrilSi 2.15.
cxrilSi motanili masalebidan irkveva, rom dargis aRdgena xangZliv
dros moiTxovs. Tumca 2017 wlidan daiwyeba Tbili wylebis bazaze
sakuTarfesviani nergis warmoebas da viTareba mniSvnelovnad Semsubuqdeba.
raionSi arsebuli gafantuli erTeuli nargaobis racionaluri gamoyenebis
SemTxvevaSi 2017 wels SeiZleba gamoikvebos 21 kolofi Wia da vawarmooT
1260 kg cocxali parki, xolo 2021 wels axladgaSenebuli nargaobis
eqsploataciaSi Sesvlis paralelurad gamoikvebeba 65 kolofi Wia, 4160 kg
cocxali parki anu 615 kg xami Zafi. momdevno wlebSi viTareba
mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesdeba, Tumca adrindeli maCveneblis miRweva mainc ar
moxerxdeba.
37
sainvesticio programiT 2026 wels damzaddeba 23,1 tona cocxali parki
da 2532 kg xami Zafi, rac warmatebulad unda miviCnioT. pirvel etapze
damzadebuli xami Zafi ZiriTadad gamoyenebuli iqneba qveynis Sida
moTxovnilebis dasakmayofileblad, gansakuTrebiT naturaluri abreSumis
produqciis kustaruli warmoebis aRorZinebisaTvis. warmoebuli produqciis
realizaciiT mosaxleoba miiRebs damatebiT fulad Semosavals,
momxmarebeli - konkurentunarian produqcias da turistebi_unikalur
abreSumis kustarul nawarms, rac soflis mosaxleobis dasaqmebis da myari
Semosavlis miRebis garanti iqneba.
grenis realizacia, parkis gamosavlianoba, saerTo warmoeba da
xamis Zafis raodenoba vanis raionSi
cxrili 2.15.
wyali etapi
grenis realizacia parkis mosavlianoba (kg)
produqcia (kg)
kg. kolofi 1 gr. Wiidan
1 kolofi Wiidan
cocxali parki
haermSrali parki
xami Zafi
2017 0,57 21,0 2,22 60 1260 485,0 138,0 2018 0,60 25,0 2,23 61 1525 587,0 226 2019 0,78 29,0 2,29 62 1798 691,0 266 2020 0,89 33,0 2,33 63 2079 800 308 2021 1,75 65,0 2,35 64 4160 1600 615 sul 1etap ze
4,59
173 2,20 62,0 10726 4125,0 1178
2022 2,51 93 2,4 65,0 6045 2325 665 2023 4,34 161 2,4 65,0 10465 4025 1150 2024 6,61 245 2,4 65,0 15925 6125 1750 2025 8,66 321 2,45 66,0 21186 8148 2328 2026 9,45 350 2,45 66,0 23100 8884 2532 sul 11 etapze
31,57 1170 2,43 65,4 76771 29508 8431
sul orive etapze
36,16 1343 2.36 63,5 87244 33633 9610
2.3.1 cocxali parkis warmoeba, mogeba da rentabeloba
proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli raodenobiT TuTis foTlis , abreSumis
parkis, grenis, xami Zafis, qsovilis warmoebisaTvis saWiroa misi
infrastruqtura Senoba_nagebobebi, dazga-danadgarebi da saWiro
38
sabrunavisaSualebebi_grena, inventari, pesticidebi, sasuqebi, transporti,
SromiTi resursebi da a.S.
cvalebad danaxarjebs miekuTvneba: grena,foTo;i, lastebi, formalini,
inkubaciis xarjebi, qaRaldi, gogirdi, Termometri, fsiqometri da sva saxis
wvrili inventari, romelTa cvalebadoba xdeba gamosakvebi Wiis
raodenobis (kolofi, grami) da sxva faqtorebis gaTvaqliswinebiT.
mudmivi danaxarjebis saxiT warmodgenilia dazga-danadgarebis, Senoba-
nagebobebis amortizacia, miwis gadasaxadi, qonebis gadasaxadi, midmivi
daqiravebuli muSaxelis xelfasi da a.S.
qveyanaSi moqmedi saarsebo minimumis gaTvaliswinebiT, meabreSumeobaSi
dasaqmebul adamianTa mier Sesrulebul samuSaoebis mixedviT gamomuSavebis
normebi, Tanrigze mikuTvnebis masalebi warmodgenilia Sesabamis cxrilebSi.
Tumca praqtikulad misi yoveldRiurad gamoyeneba dagvWirdeba mxolod
gamsxvilebuli (centralizebuli) gamomvebis SemTxvevaSi, sadReisod ki
radgan praqtikulad mxolod sakarmidamo (kooperatiuli) meabnreSumeobaa
gavrcelebuli, meabreSumeobis anazRaureba eZlevaT warmoebuli parkis
raodenobisa da xarisxis mixerviT (romelic dasabuTebulia zemoaRniSnuli
normebis safuZvelze) xelSekrulebis safuZvelze SeTanxmebuli fasebiT,
amitom SromiTi danaxarjebi aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT gvaqvs
gaangariSebuli.
arsebuli resursebis gaTvaliswinebiT vaneli meabreSumeebi 2021 wels
gamokvebaven 65 kolof Wias (cxrili 2.15), awarmoeben 4,1 tona parks da
miiReben 45,5 aTas lars. warmoebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba 1,0 kg-ze
gaangariSebiT 10,6 lari, xolo rentabeloba_2,0% (cxrili 2.16).
meore etapis dasrulebisaTvis TuTis axali nargaobis eqsploataciaSi
Sesvlis paralelurad parkis warmoeba miaRwevs 87,3 tonas (cxr. 2.15) da
Sesabamisad gaizrdeba fuladi Semosavalic. motanili masalebis analiziT
dasturdeba, rom cocxali parkis warmoebis saqmeSi mdgomareoba cudi ar
aris, Tumca saboloo prodfuqtis warmoebis Sedegebis mixedviT ufro
arasaxarbielo suraTi ar gveqneba (cxrili 2.17). amitom, meabreSumeobis
aRorZinebis interesebidan gamomdinare dargSi dasaqmebuli yvela muSaki
dainteresebuli unda iyos, rom Semcirdes SromiTi da materialuri
danaxarjebi, moxdes fasebis daregulireba da bazris fasebTan miaxloveba.
gasaTvaliswinebelia isic, rom meabreSumeobis mowinave qveynebSi 1kg
cocxali parkis warmoebaze ixarjeba 2-3 kac\saaTi, xolo saqarTveloSi 2,5-
3,0-jer meti. Cveni gaangariSebiT 2021 wlis mosalodneli SedegebiTac ki
cocxali parkis TviTRirebulebaSi SromiTi danaxarjebis xvedriTi wili
70 %-ze metia, rac gaumarTleblad maRalia. saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da
mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros erTi jgufis SexedulebiT 1 kg
39
xarisxovani parkis warmoebisaTvis 10-12 dolaris anazRaurebas urCeven rac
miaxloebiTac ar uaxlovdeba msoflio bazris Sesadar maCvenebels [8].
bunebrivia cocxali parkis maRali fasi zrdis saboloo produqciis
TviTRirebulebas, zRudavs misi gavrcelebis SesaZleblobas da aferxebs
dargis ganviTarebas.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare investorma sasurveli saboloo Sedegis
miRwevis mizniT pirvel rigSi unda izrunos meabreSumeTa pirobebis
gaumjobesebisaTvis rac gulisxmobs:
fermerul meurneobebSi 65 kolofi Wiis gamokvebisa da 4.2 t. parkis
warmoebis xarjebi 2021 wlisaTvis vanis raionSi (dargobrivi biujeti)
cxrili 2.16.
#
maCvenebelTa dasaxeleba
zomis erTeuli
raodenoba
fasi (lari) erTeuli sul
1. meabreSumeebze gacemuli grena: a. 3-grami b. kolofi
1,75 165,0
800
1400
2. parkis mosavlianoba erTi kolofi Wiidan (27gr grena)
kg 62,0 10 620,0
3. warmoebuli produqciis realizaciidan amonagebi
t. 4,1 11000 45500
4. saeqsploatacio (cvladi) danaxarjebi:
44432
-grena kg 0,57 800 1400 -formalinis xsnari (40%) litri 100 3,0 300 -sainkubacio xarjebi kolofi 65 2,5 162,5 -foToli t. 65 40,0 2600 -qaRaldi (safeni,
gadasayvani) kg 600 0,7 420
-lasti (4X1,3) cali 80 2,5 200 -caxi merqovani kona 150 3,0 450 -sxva xarjebi (Termometri,
kibe, kalaTi) _ _ _ 400
_meabreSumeTa Sromis anazRaureba 1
kac\dRe 2000 10
-saTao parksaSrobis direqtori, igive damuSavebis punqtis gamge
Tve 12 500 6000
-agronomi sami 6 TviT Tve 12 400 4800 -daraji (damlagebeli) Tve 12 300 3600
-gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi lari _ _ 150
- mZRoli lari 12 300 3600 5. mudmivi fiqsirebuli xarjebi lari _ _ _ 6. sul pirdapiri xarjebi lari _ _ 44432
40
7. zednadebi xarjebi lari _ _ 80 8. sul danaxarjebi(4+5+7) lari _ _ 44512 9. marJenaluri mogeba (3_4)+ lari 1068 10 mogeba (3_6) lari _ _ 1068 11 cocxali parkis
TviTRirebuleba (6:3) lari _ _ 10,6
12 produqciis rentabeloba (10:6)100
% _ _ 182,4
1.saojaxo Sromis (qalebi, mozardebi, moxucebi) Rirebuleba aRebulia 10 lari
erTi kac|dRe;
TuTis abreSumxvevias maRalproduqtiuli, gamokvebis mokle periodis (25_27
dRe) mqone jiSebis gavrcelebiT meabreSumeTa dainteresebas;
mcire meqanizaciis saSualebaTa (foTolsaWreli, ylortsacleli,
parksaxvevi) gamoyenebas, polieTilenis badeebiT, plastmasis caxebiT,
lastebiT sargeblobas, rac calkeul samuSaoTa operaciebis mixedviT
Sromis danaxarjis did ekonomias mogvcems;
TuTis abreSumxvevias gamokvebis progresuli meTodebis danergvis, Sromis
organizaciis srulyofas da masTan dakavSirebuli sxva sakiTxebis
mogvarebas.
dargSi Seqmnili viTarebis gaumjobesebisa da integraciis Sinaarsobrivi
datvirTvis srulyofis mizniT unda Camoyalibdes iseTi kooperativebi da
integrirebuli sawarmoebi (sakarmidamo meabreSumeoba+xami Zafis
regionaluri amoxveva, qsova, kustaruli warmoeba), romlebic moaxdenen
saboloo produqciis warmoebis SedegebTan meabreSumeebis ekonomikuri
interesebis mibmas _ realizebuli produqtis amonagobebis kuTvnilebisamebr
meabreSumeebze gadanawilebis gziT.[9]
2.3.2 haermSrali parkis warmoeba, TviTRirebuleba, mogeba
da rentabeloba
haermSrali parkis TviTRirebulebaSi nedleulis (cocxali parkis)
xvedriTi wili 95_98 %-is farglebSi meryeobs, rac normaluri ar aris,
razedac zemoT gvqonda saubari, Tu mivaRwevT cocxali parkis fasebis 8_10
laris farglebSi daregulirebas da produqciis xarisxis gaumjobesebas,
SesaZlebeli gaxdeba msoflio bazarze (Cveni jiSebisa da qsovilebis
maRali xarisxis gamo) gasvla, amasTan meabreSumeobis qveynebis mowinave
teqnikisa da teqnologiis danergviT SeiZleba seriozul warmatebebs
mivaRwioT saboloo produqciis TviTRirebulebis Semcirebis da fasebis
mowesrigebis mimarTulebiT.
41
vanis raionSi 2012 wels 1600 kilogrami haermSrali parkis warmoeba,
TviTRirebuleba da rentabeloba (dargobrivi biujeti)1 .
cxrili 2.17.
N#
maCveneblebi
zoma
raodenoba
fasi (lari) erTeuli sul
1. haermSrali parki kg 1600 _ _ 2. haermSrali parkis
realizacia kg 1600 30,0 48000
3. saeqsploatacio (cvalebadi) xarjebi
lari _ _ 49640
maT Soris cocxali parki
tona 4,2 1000 45580
parkis gamoSrobisaTvis saWiro sawvavi
litri 900 1,8 1620
bardnebi cali 15 40 180 eleqtro energia kv|saaTi 1600
0,1975TeTri 320
satransporto xarjebi lari 220 SromiT danaxarjebi: ori damxmare muSa
2 TviT 4,0 300 1200
treiningi-mowveuli specialisti meabreSumeTa da kustarul mewarmeTa kvalifikaciis amaRleba 2 TviT
lari
1
400
400
mivlinebu\is xarjebi 200 4. mudmivi fiqsirebuli
xarjebi (50) da amortizacia (50)
_ _ _ 100
5. sul pirdapiri xarjebi
lari _ _ 49746
6. zednadebi xarjebi 60 7. sul danaxarjebi
(3+4+5) 49800
8. marJinaluri xarjebi (2-3)
_
9. mogeba (3-5) lari _ _ 1640 10. haermSrali parkis
TviTRirebuleba 31,1
11. rentabeloba (9:5)X100 %
lari 3,3
42
Tavi 3. kooperativis "saCino" Camoyalibebis safuZvlebi
kooperatiuli moZraoba aRmocenda XIX saukunis 50-ian wlebSi da
swrafad ganviTarda sameurneo saqmianobis yvela sferoSi. kooperacia
miiCneoda monopoliaTa batonobis erTgvar SemzRudvel Zalad.
saqarTveloSi, meabreSumeobis ganviTarebis kooperatiuli gza,
meurneobriobis erT_erT tradiciul formas warmoadgenda. “meabreSumeTa
pirveli amxanagoba QquTaisis guberniaSi” Camoyalibda 1895 wels nestor
wereTelis xelmZRvanelobiT. igi dakavebuli iyo ara marto parkis moyvana-
realizaciiT, aramed hqonda saamqro, sadac xdeboda parkis amoxveva, qsova
da kustaruli nawarmis damzadeba.
meabreSumeebTan angariSsworeba xdeboda saboloo produqciis
mixedviT (parkis Rirebuleba + realizacia da sxva Semosavlebi), rac
uaRresad progresuli iyo. igi Tavisi SinaarsiT vertikaluri integraciis
mignebul formas warmoadgenda meabreSumeobaSi da yvela monawilis
pativiscemiT sargeblobda1 .
avtorebs miaCniaT, rom aRniSnuli kooperativis samoqmedo principi
srulad Seesabameba adgilobrivi mosaxleobis tradiciebs, sabazro
ekonomikis moTxovnebs da dargis reabilitacia – aRorZinebis procesis
daCqarebas. misi samoqmedo sqema unda davxvewoT da davnergoT warmoebaSi,
miT umetes, rom “sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativis Sesaxeb” kanonic
arsebobs (zogierT raionSi meabreSumeobis kooperativebic aris
Camoyalibebuli) da raionis TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT misadagebuli
formis SerCeva aris saWiro. Tumca es procesi umtkivneulo ar iqneba
dargis reabilitacia_aRorZinebis pirvel periodSi, xolo Semdeg
TandaTanobiT moikidebs fexs da gaZlierdeba. sadReisod “ojaxuri
meurneoba" warmoadgens agraruli seqtoris ganmsazRvrel rgols
saerTod da gansakuTrebiT meabreSumeobaSi. amitom Tu droulad ar
Camoyalibda konkretuli pirobebis Sesabamisi kooperativebi
(gaerTianebebi) meabreSumeoba ver ganviTardeba da isev CarC-vaWrebis xelSi
aRmoCndeba, rogorc es XIX saukuneSi iyo. amitom, TviT dargis
interesebidan gamomdinare aucilebelia misi daCqarebuli Camoyalibeba da
warmoebaSi gavrceleba. kooperativebi (gaerTianebebi) daicaven
meabreSumeTa interesebs, rogorc qveyanaSi, ise saerTaSoriso bazarze da
samomavlodac TandaTanobiT gaZlierdeba.
43
sqema 3.1. meabreSumeobis kooperativis "saCino" organizaciuli struqtura
1-fereTa; 2-salominao; 3-cixesulori; 4-SuamTa (damzadebis punqti); 5-tobanieri; 6-muqeTi; 7-mTisZiri; 8-zeda vani; 9-gadidi; 10-yumuri; 11-salxino; 12-dixaSxo; 13-sulori; 14-Zuluxi; 15-bzvani; 16-amaRleba; 17-zeindari (damzadebis punqti); 18-gora; 19-uxeTi; 20-saprasia;
saTao kooperativi
"saCino"
safinanso-
savaWro
samsaxuri
nergebis
warmoebis
samsaxuri
safeiqro
mrewvel.
samsaxuri
sakuTar fesviani nergis warmoeba
namyeni
nergis
warmoeba
Zafsaxvev
saamqro kustaruli rewvis saamqro
meabreSumeobis teritoriuli kooperativebi (Semsyidveli punqtebi)
qveda vanis
damamzadebe
li punqti
2
3
1
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
44
kooperativebi (gaerTianebebi) unda Camoyalibdes arsebuli
(mosalodneli) sakvebi bazis, muSaxelis, infrastruqturis, konkretuli
pirobebisa da meabreSumeTa mosazrebebis mecnieruli gaanalizebis
gaTvaliswinebiT. e.i. unda vimoqmedoT sabazro ekonomikis moTxovnaTa
gaTvaliswinebiT da ara administrirebis meTodiT, rasac gegmiani
ekonomikis pirobebSi viyenebdiT.
avtorTa mosazrebiT, mimdinare etapze meabreSumeobis kooperatiul
sawyisebze gadayvana saorientaciod unda ganxorcieldes l pirobebis
gaTvaliswinebiT gansxvavebuli iqneba, magram saerTo principebi daculi
unda iyos.
mimdinare etapze, rodesac sakvebi bazac da abreSumis Wiis gamokvebis
SesaZleblobac ukiduresad SezRudulia, mizanSewonili iqneba soflad
arsebuli kooperativebis saqmianobaSi monawileoba, romelTac yovelmxriv
daexmareba raionuli kooperativi "saCino". momdevno periodSi ki sakvebi
bazis ganmtkicebis paralelurad meabreSumeobis specialuri (Sereuli)
kooperativebi warmodgenili sqemiT (sqema 3.1) ganxorcieldeba.
motanili sqemis mixedviT centraluri kooperativi “saCino” proeqtis
dasasruls warmodgenili iqneba 10-15 teritoriuli kooperativiT, erTi
sanergiT, 3 parkis pirveladi damuSavebis punqtiT, xami Zafis kustaruli
sawarmos TiTo saamqroTi da sxva danayofebiT.
amasTan dakaSirebiT SeiZleba vimsjeloT, rom:
sainvesticio programis pirvel etapze, dargSi Seqmnili viTarebis
gaTvaliswinebiT, specialuri kooperativebis (gaerTianebebis) masiuri
Camoyalibeba marTebuli ar iqneba. amitom, aucileblad migvaCnia 2017
wels Camoyalibdes mxolod erTi sanerge da erTi centraluri
kooperativi “saCino”, romelic samomavlod koordinirebas gauwevs
teritoriul organizaciebSi Semaval yvela kooperativs.
TuTis abreSumxvevias sainkubacio kamerebisa da centralizebuli
gamokvebisaTvis SerCeul (axlad aSenebuli Senobebi) binebis
mimdebare teritoriaze unda gaSendes sakmarisi raodenobis TuTis
nargaoba, romelic kooperativis sakuTreba iqneba da moemsaxureba
xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi. amasTan, SesaZleblobis mixedviT
meabreSumeebs unda mieceT mcire zomis (100-400 m2) “migdebuli” miwis
nakveTi miyidvis an SeRavaTiani ijariT (saCxeris magaliTze) [11],
mxolod TuTis nargaobis gaSenebis da parkebis warmoebis mizniT.
arsebuli sakvebi bazis gaTvaliswinebiT sasurvelia “saCinom”
pirvel periodSi inkubacia da centralizebuli gamokveba Caataros
zeindarSi (an sulorSi) da muri gasces mxolod dainteresebul
meabreSumeebze (soflebis mixedviT) or porciad, 2-3 dRis
intervaliT. amasTan, pirvel periodSi parkis gamoSrobis punqtamde
45
mitanaze unda izrunos “saCinos” xelmZRvanelobam, xolo meore
periodSi meabreSumeebi izruneben.
_ teritoriuli organizaciebis soflebSi arsebuli sxvadasxva
mimarTulebis kooperativebTan (gaerTianebebTan) meabreSumeobis
gaerTianeba savsebiT marTebuli iqneba.
sakvebi bazis ukiduresad arasasurvel fonze, sainkubacio kameridan
daSorebul meabreSumeebze mcire raodenobis (1-3 gr) muris gacema
gaumarTlebel riskTan aris dakavSirebuli. amitom, sainkubacio kameridan
gamoyvanili muri centralizebuli gamokvebis saxiT unda gamovkveboT
qvemoT moyvanili danarTi 3.1-is mixedviT [12].
danarTi 3.1.
rekomendacia
pirvel or asakSi TuTis abreSumxvevias centralizebuli gamokveba da upiratesoba individualur gamokvebasTan SedarebiT
sainkubacio kameridan gacocxlebuli Wiis uSualod meabreSumeebze gadacema yovelTvis iwvevs sagrZnobi raodenobiT danakargebs, xolo, rodesac meabreSumeebs Wia eZlevaT ori asakis Semdeg, (mesame asakis meore-mesame dRes) Wiis danakargebi minimumamde mcirdeba.
sainkubacio kamerebidan calkeul ojaxebSi gayvanili Wiebi xSirad zrda-ganviTarebis araxelsayrel pirobebSi xvdeba, gaZnelebulia binebis temperaturisa da tenianobis saWiro reJimis dacva, rac iwvevs Wiebis zrda-ganviTarebaSi CamorCenas, xolo zogjer Wiebis daRupvas.
centralizebuli wesiT gamokvebisaTvis saWiroa SeirCes naTeli da mSrali binebi gaTbobis saSualebebiT, sadac moTavsdeba mravaliarusiani Taroebi (mizanSewonilia gamoyenebuli iqnes meabreSumeobis kvleviTi institutis konstruqciis gamosakvebi Taroebi naZiris avtomaturi gamocliT [15]), gamokveba uzrunvelyofili unda iqnas saWiro inventariT, Catardes mkacri dezinfeqcia.
centralizebuli gamokveba unda mimdinareobdes specialistis meTvalyureobis da xelmZRvanelobis qveS.
centralizebuli wesiT gamokvebisaTvis gankuTvnili Wiebis sainkubacio kamerebidan gadasayvanad unda visargebloT muyaos an faneris daxvretili yuTebiT; gacocxlebul Wiebs yuTebSi Cawyobisas unda movayaroT daWrili TuTis foToli; aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom centralizebuli gamokvebis erT-erTi upiratesoba isicaa, rom SesaZlebelia sakvebis momzadebis dros gamoyenebuli iqnas mcire meqanizaciis teqnikuri saSualebebi - Reroebidan foTolgamcleli da TuTis foTolsaWreli manqanebi.
Wiisa da TuTis TanxvedriTi ganviTareba xSirad xasiaTdeba aramyari klimaturi pirobebiT, ris Sedegad aucilebelia Wiis ganviTarebis SeCereba, rasac saWie binaSi 21-220 temperaturiT da kvebis jerebis SemcirebiT vaRwevT, xolo zogjer piriqiT saWiro xdeba Wiis zrda-ganviTarebis daCqareba, risTvisac saWiroa temperaturis 25-270-mde da kvebis jerebis
46
gazrda, amiT miiRweva Wiisa da foTlis Tanxvedrili ganviTareba, rac mniSvnelovani pirobaa parkis maRali mosavlis miRebisaTvis.
centralizebuli wesiT gamokvebisas, pirvel-or asakSi 4-5 kolofi Wiis movla-patronobas erTi kaci uzrunvelyofs (erTi kolofi = 19 gr Wias), xolo ojaxebSi calkeuli gacemisas meabreSume dakavebulia 6-10-12 grami Wiis kvebiT, rac iwvevs Sromis danaxarjebis zrdas.
centralizebuli gamokvebis pirobebSi kooperativebis Camoyalibebisas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs Sromis organizaciis sworad mowyobas, kooperativebis Camoyalibebas da Sida samuSaoebis sworad ganawilebas. kooperativSi saWiroa gaerTiandes mezoblad mcxovrebi, erTmaneTTan kargad ganwyobili meabreSumeebi. xelmZRvanelad airCeva yvelaze aqtiuri da mowinave meabreSume; wevrebi kargad unda gaerkvnen centralizebuli gamokvebis organizaciaSi da aucileblad unda aimaRlon kvalifikacia periodulad mowyobil seminarebze (mizanSewonilia seminarebi Caataros raionebis soflis meurneobis sainformacio-sakonsultacio centrebma mowveuli mecnierebis an specialistebis daxmarebiT).
sakvebi bazis arsebuli mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT pirvel-or asakSi Wiis movla-patronobisaTvis foTlis damzadebis CaTvliT saWiroa gamoiyos 3,0-3,5 kolofze erTi momvleli, xolo mesame asakidan foTlis damzadebisaTvis da sxva sakiTxebis mosagvareblad davumatoT meore momvleli.
centralizebuli gamokvebisas Wiebi aucileblad unda moTavsdes cal-calke Sesaferis farTze, mieniWos rigiTi nomeri specialistis mier da gatarebuli iqnas JurnalSi, sadac mieTiTeba meabreSumis saxeli da gvari.
pirvel-or asakSi Wiebis gamosakveb binaSi temperatura unda iyos 25-270, haeris SefardebiTi tenianoba 75-80%, sakvebi unda mieces dReSi 5-6-jer daWrili saxiT. gamosakvebad gamoyenebuli unda iqnes wvrilad daWrili TuTis foToli. sakvebi umjobesia damzaddes saRamos, dasaSvebia dilis saaTebSic. foToli unda inaxebodes kalaTebSi an sxva Sesabamis taraSi sveli safaris qveS. dauSvebelia daWrili foTlis morig jerebze gamoyeneba.
naZiri unda gamoecalos erTxel meore asakis dasawyisSi kaniscvlis meore dRes da mesame asakis meoTxe dRes.
Tavi 4. konkurencia da marketinguli samsaxuri
proeqtiT warmoebuli produqciis (parki, xami Zafi, qsovili,
sakuTarfesviani nergi) xarisxi srulad akmayofilebs momxmareblis
moTxovnebs, aris konkurentunariani da warmatebiT “daipyrobs” Sida
bazars, xolo warmoebis gafarTovebis SemTxvevaSi_msoflio bazris
Sesabamis segments. magram rogorc ilia brZanebs “amisTana saqmes,
romelic axali simdidris gzis gaxsnaa, saqmiani, moxerxebuli gamrje,
saqmeSi dainteresebuli kaci unda”. swored aseTi adamianebis monawileobis
gareSe yvelaferi “gaiyina” da savalalo Sedegic miviReT. saqarTveloSi
meabreSumeobis xarisxovan produqciaze moTxovnileba yovelTvis iyo, aris
da iqneba.
47
sadReisod es dargi ganadgurebulia da arcerTi saxis produqcia ar iwarmoeba. ufro metic, adgilobriv bazarze ara Tu grena da kustaruli nawarmi, aramed naturaluri abreSumis qsovilic (Tundac importuli) ver moviZieT, rac dargisadmi sruli upasuxismgeblobiT aris gamowveuli. meabreSumeobis produqciis konkurentunarianobis garantias warmoadgens maRali xarisxi, gamorCeuli Tvisebebi da misi sarelizacio fasebis xelmisawvdomoba. Cvens mier warmoebuli parkis, grenis, xami Zafis, qsovilis xarisxi da maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebi (gansakuTrebiT faseulia “abreSumis sxivi”, riTac mdidaria qarTuli abreSumi) gamoarCevs mas ucxoel mwarmoebelTa analogiuri saxis produqciisagan da fasebic xelmisawvdomi iqneba. Cveni warmoebis miznebidan gamomdinare fasebis politika ganisazRvreba rogorc saSualo Semosavliani fenebisaTvis, ise turistebisa da elitaruli momxmareblisaTvis xelmisawvdomi produqciis warmoebiT.
Tavi 5. saqarTvelos samomxmareblo bazris mdgomareoba grenis, xami
Zafis, abreSumis qsovilebis da kustaruli nawarmis realizaciis analizi
sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlasTan dakavSirebiT moxda bazris
struqturis radikaluri cvlileba, ramac didi sirTuleebi Seuqmna
aramarto abreSumis, aramed wamyvani dargebis produqciis realizaciis
saqmesac.
mimdinare etapze samamulo safeiqro da kustaruli nawarmis
realizaciis realur safrTxes warmoadgens TurqeTidan, CineTidan aziis
samxreT_aRmosavleT qveynebidan dabali xarisxisa da zogjer mavne
nivTierebebis Semcveli iaffasiani saqonlis mozRvaveba. amas emateba
meoradi saqonlis farTo asortimentis ganusazRvreli odenobiT importi.
eqspertTa daskvniT mosaxleobis 90%-ze meti iZens aseT produqcias,
rac ZirSive spobs meabreSumeobis ganviTarebisadmi interess. normalur
pirobebSiqveynis usafrTxoebis mizniT Sida bazarze adgilobrivi nawarmis
xvedriTi wili unda iyos aranakleb 50-60 %, rac sadReisod ocnebis
sferos warmoadgens da damRupvelia samamulo safeiqro mrewvelobisaTvis.
Seiqmna “jer arnaxuli ufskruli eqsportsa da imports Soris” [13].
aseT pirobebSi ferxdeba aramarto adgilobrivi, aramed
importirebuli naturaluri Tu xelovnuri abreSumis qsovilebis
realizaciac, amitom vfiqrobT, pirvel etapze SesaZlebeli rom iyos
naturaluri abreSumis qsovilebis warmoeba, adgilobriv bazarTan erTad
pirvel rigSi unda “SevideT” yofil sabWoTa sivrcis qveynebis ruseTis,
ukrainis, baltiispireTis da Sua aziis qveynebis bazrebSi. amisaTvis unda
gvqondes Tanamedrove moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad damzadebuli xami Zafi,
qsovilebi da kustaruli nawarmi, rameTu 1980_1990-ian wlebSi warmoebuli
48
naturaluri abreSumis qsovilebis 85_90% miTiTebul qveynebSi
igzavneboda.
saqarTvelos Sida bazris dabrunebisaTvis saWirod migvaCnia:
_ samkervalo dargis sawarmoebSi naturaluri abreSumis qsovilebis
axali asortimentis aTviseba da gamoSveba;
_ realuri sarealizacio fasebis formireba: grenaze,abreSumis xam Zafze,
qsovilebze, kustarul nawarmze da a.S.
_ reklamis, gamofenebis, podiumebis mowyoba, marketinguli kvlevebis
gaZliereba warmoebuli saqonlis gavrcelebasa da moxmarebaze.
_xarisxis gaumjobesebis RonisZiebaTa sistemis gaZliereba.
_ safirmo vaWrobis organizeba.
_ Sida da saerTaSoriso bazrebis mudmivi kvleva da mecnieruli analizi,
amasTan, rogorc biZina ivaniSvili miuTiTebs, xelisufleb abizness
yovelmxriv "unda daexmaros bazrebis mopovebaSi" [14].
saWiroa adgilobrivi mewarmeebis pirobebi gauTanbrdes ucxouri
firmebis pirobebs, risTvisac:
_unda Semcirdes sakredito ganakveTis % da miuaxlovdes igi ucxouri
firmebis sakredito ganakveTebs, gamartivdes sabaJo sistema gansakuTrebiT
grenis eqsport_importTan dakavSirebiT;
_ davicvaT Sida bazari ucxoeTis iaffasiani saqonlis didi raodenobiT
Semotanisagan. rogorc es xdeba indoeTsa da zogierT sxva qveyanaSi;
_rogorc aRiniSna, saWiroa marketinguli, sareklamo da sxva RonisZiebebis
gaumjobeseba.
mkvlevarTa mier dadgenilia, rom qveyanaSi samamulo naturaluri
qsovilebis realizacia gaZnelebulia ara misi maRali fasebis da dabali
xarisxis gamo, aramed ucxouri masa nawarmis dompingur fasebSi Semotanis
mizeziT, rac mosaxleobis dabali gadaxdis unarianobis gamo ufro
xelmisawvdomia, vidre qsovilis yidva da Sekerva.
1980_1990 wlebSi saqarTveloSi yovelwliurad iwarmoeboda saSualod
4,0-5,0 milioni metri qsovili, romlis 10-15 % realizdeboda Sida bazarze,
xolo85-90 % yofili sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebSi igzavneboda. miTiTebul
periodSi saqarTveloSi importuli naturaluri abreSumis qsovili ar
Semodioda. amasTan, rogorc sainvesticio programa “abreSumi”-Si iyo
miTiTebuli, q, TbilisSi Catarebulma gamokvlevamdaadastura, rom
gamokiTxulTa 75 % upiratesobas aniWebs qarTul naturalur abreSumis
qsovils, im pirobiT, Tu igi iqneba aragamWvirvale, maRali xarisxis,
xolo qsovilis koloristika da asortimenti iqneba swrafcvalebadi erTi
saxis qsovilis mcire partiebad gamoSvebis principiT.
gamokiTxul qalTa 50 % siamovnebiT SeiZenda naturaluri
abreSumidan damzadebul sacvlebs da a.S.
49
saqarTveloSi naturaluri abreSumis qsovilebiT (mza nawarmi) bazris
uzrunvelyofis da moTxovnilebis Seswavlis mizniT soliduri muSaoba
Catarda 2011_2015 wlebSi. gamoirkva, rom qveynis (amierkavkasiis) yvelaze
did bazarze _ liloSi naturaluri abreSumis qsovilebi da mza nawarmi
TiTqmis ar aris, an imdenad SezRudulia, rom sarealizacio
fasebisdadgenac ver SevZeliT. analogiuri mdgomareobaa sxva bazrobebsa
da qsovilebis specialur maRaziebSi, vaWrobis dargis gamocdili
specialistebis azriT saqarTveloSi warmoebuli xarisxovani qsovilebis
realizaciis problema ar Seiqmneba.
angariSgasawevia isic, rom globalizaciis pirobebSi adamianuri
resursebis marTvis (HRM) TvalsazrisiT maspinZeli qveynis filialSi
(sawarmoSi), bazrebSi dasaqmebis uzrunvelyofis procesSi ZiriTadi
aqcenti unda gakeTdes oTxi tipis jgufze_qalebze, umciresobaTa
jgufebze, SezRuduli unaris mqone adamianebze da adgilobriv
mosaxleobaze. am TvalTaxedviT meabreSumeoba srulad miesadageba
moTxovnebs da karg SesaZleblobebs qmnis erToblivi sawarmoebis
Camosayalibeblad.
sabazro ekonomikis Semdgom periodSi erToblivi sawarmoebi
Camoyalibda uzbekeTSi_6, azerbeijanSi_1 (muSaobs 3 aTas kacze meti),
saqarTveloSi ki arcerTi da Sedegic saxezea.
mimdinare etapze, Cvens xelT arsebuli masalebis analizi im
daskvnebis gakeTebis safuZvels gvaZlevs, rom msoflio bazarze cocxali
parkis fasi metad arastabiluria, rac ZiriTadad ganpirobebulia imiT,
rom zogierT qveyanaSi (CineTi,TurqeTi) moqmedebs subsidirebis sistema,
zogierTSi Sida bazaris da zogierTSi ki waxalisebis sxva formebi.
saerTaSoriso bazarze 1 kg haermSrali parkis fasi 2008 wels
Sedgenda 2,10 evros, xolo 2014 wels 4,0-5,0 evromde gaizarda, magram aseTi
bazris segmentis dapyroba Zalian Znelia.
1 metri qsovilis fasi ZiriTadad mis saxeobazea damokidebuli.
Cveulebrivad 1 metri sigrZisa da 1,4 metri siganis naturaluri abreSumis
qsovili 15 dolaris farglebSimeryeobs, magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom
1998 wels qarTuli jiSebis (mziuri-1 da mziuri-2) parkidan moZvelebuli
teqnikiT (gansakuTrebuli teqnologiiT) amoxveuli ZafiT damzadebulma
qsovilma espaneTis xarisxis komitetis umaRlesi jildo _ platinis
varskvlavi daimsaxura, Tanamedrove teqnikis da teqnologiis bazaze
damzadebuli qsovilis damkvidreba saerTaSoriso bazarze savsebiT
realuria.
msoflio bazarze umaRlesi xarisxis (3A) xami Zafis fasi 45-55
dolaris farglebSi meryeobs, Tumca aseTi bazris mopoveba aqac
gaZnelebulia da mxolod meabreSumeobis stabiluri qveynebisaTvis aris
50
xelmisawvdomi. saerTod ki 1 kg xami abreSumis Zafis fasi 35_40 dolaris
farglebSi meryeobs, rac Zalian dabalia. am fonze metad sainteresoa is,
rom saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli TuTis abreSumxvevias (mziurebis da
diRmurebis jgufebi) parkidan miRebuli xami abreSumis Zafi xasiaTdeba
gamorCeuli TvisebebiT da gamoiyeneba elituri qsovilebis dasamzadeblad,
romlis realizacia problemebTan ar iqneba dakavSirebuli. saqme imaSia,
rom qarTuli abreSumi xasiaTdeba gansakuTrebuli TvisebebiT, bzinvarebiT
da “abreSumis sxiviT”, romelic Tavidanve gamoarCevs mas sxva qveynebSi
warmoebuli abreSumis Zafisa da qsovilisagan. gasaTvaliswinebelia isic,
rom saqarTveloSi dam,zadebuli xami Zafi mTlianad eqvemdebareba
safabriko gadamuSavebas da masze moTxovnileba sistematurad izrdeba.
Cveni SexedulebiT, sainvesticio programis pirvel etapze warmoebul
xam Zafs (misi raodenobrivad simciris gamo) ZiriTadad eqneba Sida
mixmarebis xasiaTi kustaruli warmoebis CaTvliT, xolo meore etapze
unda vibrZoloT saerTaSoriso bazris segmentis dasakaveblad.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare mxolod warmodgenili masalebiT
davkmayofildebiT [6].
Tavi 6. riskis faqtorebi
meabreSumeobis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare misi
sameurneo Sedegebze riskebis gavlena gansakuTrebiT maRalia.
riskebi Tavisi bunebidan gamomdinare SeiZleba daiyos Semdegnairad:
_ teqnologiuri, bunebrivi da Sereuli;
_ sawarmoo;
_ stiqiur-forsmaJoruli;
_ profesionaluri:
_ investiciuri da a.S.
praqtikulad riski warmoadgens prognozs, romelic ganisazRvreba,
rogorc absolutur ise SefardebiT, fizikur (materialur-nivTobriv) an
RirebulebiT gamoxatulebaSi.
riskis faqtorebTan dakavSirebuli danakargebi SeiZleba daiyos
materialur, SromiT, finansur, droiT, adamianis janmrTelobisaTvis
saziano_saWie binebis formaliniT damuSaveba, sanergeebSi Sxamqimokatebis
moxmareba da papilonaJis gamoxatulebaSi. meabreSumeobaSi dasaqmebuli
femerebisaTvis, riskis marTva gulisxmobs ara maT Tavidan acilebas,
aramed problemisadmi sworad midgomas da misive mavne moqmedebis
minimumamde Semcirebas, ekonomikurad misaReb donemde dayvanas, am mizniT
gaweuli xarjebi naklebi unda iyos misi SemcirebisaTvis dagegmil
xarjebTan SedarebiT (saWie binis dezinfeqcia, grenis celilaruli Tu
51
Termuli meTodiT damuSaveba da damzadeba, stimulatorebis gamoyeneba da
a.S.).
aRniSnul problemasTan dakavSirebuli masalebis analizisa da Cveni
dakvirvebis safuZvelze gamoikveTa riskis iseTi faqtorebi, romelTa
gauTvaliswinebloba winamdebare proeqtis ganxorcirlebas Seuqmnis
seriozul safrTxes. esenia:
dabrkolebebi finansur uzrunvelyofaSi;
marketinguli samsaxuris ar arseboba an mouwesrigebloba;
daraionebuli TuTis jiSebiT gaSenebuli saTesle, sadede da
sadede-sakalme plantaciebidan damzadebuli TuTis Teslis da
samynobi masalis (kvirtis) ar arseboba.
TuTis rekomendebuli jiSebis, hibriduli Teslnergis, namyeni
sakuTarfesviani da hibriduli nergis ar arsebobis an ukmarisobis
SemTxvevaSi dauraionebuli jiSebis (hibridebis) gavrceleba da
gansakuTrebiT ucxoeTidan Semotana. miuRebelia ucxoeTidan hibriduli
nergebis Semotana, TuTis foTlis sixuWuWis gavrcelebis zonaSi gamocdis
gareSe. aseTi faqti moxda 2016 wels (100aTasi Ziri hibriduli nergis
Semotana), rac SeiZleba dargisaTvis savalalo SedegiT damTavrdes.
_ arsebuli jiSiani TuTis nargaobis gaaxalgazrdavebisa da ujiSo
TuTis mcenareTa varjSi jiSiani kvirtiT gadamynobis SeuZlebloba an
xangrZlivi droiT Seferxeba;
_ TuTis sanergeebis da plantaciebis damuSavebisaTvis saWiro teqnikis
arqona da mineraluri sasuqebis gamoyenebis rekomendebuli dozebis
daucveloba, gansakuTrebiT daavadebis gavrcelebis zonaSi;
_ regionSi, raionSi, msxvil fermerul meurneobebSi TuTis 3-5
rekomendebuli jiSis gauvrcelebloba;
_ TuTis abreSumxvevias dauraionebeli jiSebis gavrceleba;
_ celularuli meTodiT damzadebuli Semowmebuli grenis Secvla sxva
meTodiT damzadebuli Seumowmebeli greniT;
_ sainkubacio kamerebis agrowesebis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad mouwyobloba
an kvlificiuri inkubistis uqonloba;
_ saWiro raodenobiT formalinis, gogirdis, kiris, safeni da gadasayvani
qaRaldis, xelovnuricaxebis (an bunebrivi caxebis droulad
moumzadebloba) da sxva masalebis arqona an ukmarisoba. dezinfeqciis
Cautarebloba an uxarisxod Catareba;
_ Seferxebebi TuTis abreSumxvevias sakvebiT momaragebis saqmeSi;
_ mcire meqanizaciis teqnikuri saSualebebis (foTolsaWreli,
ylortgamcleli, parksaxvewi), xelovnuri caxebis uqonloba da
rekomendebuli mcenareebidan bunebrivi caxebis damzadebis vadebis
darRveva;
52
_ TuTis Teslis, samynobi masali da grenis sadazRvevo maragis (10%)
Seqmnis ugulebelyofa;
_ parkis pirveladi damuSavebis manqanebis arqonis SemTxvevaSi simpleqsis
tipis saxmobi danadgarebis mouwesrigebloba an ukmarisoba. aRniSnulis
mizeziT 2010 wels 1384 kg parki manqanebis SesaReb saamqroSi gamoaSres
(Telavi);
_ Zafis amosaxvevi Tanamedrove manqana_danadgarebis uqonloba an
ukmarisoba;
_ TuTis daavadeba foTlis sixuWuWis gavrcelebis zonaSi erTi da igive
nargaobidan damzadebuli FfoTliT ganmeorebiTi gamokvebis Catareba,
azotovani sasuqebis gazrdili dozebiT gamoyeneba, xSiri morwyva da a.S.
- meabreSumeobis maprofilebel dargebTan racionaluri SeTanwyobis
principiT;
_ soflis pira tyeebis, qarsafarebis, baR-venaxebis Sewamvlis zonaSi
arsebuli TuTis nargaobidan rekomendebuli vadebis darRveviT foTlis
damzadeba-sakvebad gamoyeneba da a.S.
_ fermeri, investori guldasmiT unda gaecnos riskis faqtorebis
moqmedebis mosalodnel Sedegebs da gadadgas ekonomikured gamarTlebuli
nabiji.
literaturuli monacemebis mixedviT riskis Sedegebis da albaTobis
raodenobrivi Sefaseba SeiZleba movaxdinoT Semdegi maCveneblebis
mixedviT [15]
cxrili 6.1.
# riskis saxeoba Sedegebi da albaToba 1. minimaluri “mwvane” riskis
are SesaZlo danakargebi meryeobs dagegmili mogebis 10-25%-is farglebSi.
2. misaRebi+dasaSvebi (“yviTeli)” riskis are
SesaZlo danakargebi meryeobs dagegmili mogebis 26_50%-is farglebSi
3. kritikuli riskis are SesaZlo danakargebi meryeobs dagemili mogebis 51_75 %-is farglrbSi.
4. dauSvebeli “wiTeli” riskis are
SesaZlo danakargebi meryeobs dagegmili mogebis 76-100%-is farglebSi
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare naTelia, rom foTlis sixuWuWis
gavrcelebis zonaSi riskis faqtorebisadmi gansakuTrebiT faqizi midgomaa
saWiro. sadReisod, dasvleT saqarTveloSi gasavrceleblad
daraionebulia TuTis jiSebi (iveria, Tbilisuri, kolxeTi, oSama,
nezumigaesi da sxva), magram sadede_saTesle da sadede_sakalme nargaobis
simciris gamo, Zalze SezRudulia saWiro raodenobis Teslisa da
samynobi masalis damzadeba. amasTan miTiTebul raionSi gvxvdeba
dauraionebeli, garegnulad jansaRi (araeqsploatirebuli) TuTis
53
mcenareebi, saidanac SesaZlebelia kalmebis (kvirtebis) damzadeba, magram
Seumowmeblad amis gakeTeba dauSvebelia, es “wiTeli” riskis areSi
moxvedras niSnavs, saqme imaSia. rom aseT gaumarTlebel riskze wasvla
didi xnis (6-8 wlis) Semdeg iCens Tavs da ukiduresad Seaferxebs dargis
reabilitacias. amasTan yoveli ha plantaciis gaSenebasTan dakavSirebiT
umiznod daikargeba 1111 Ziri TuTis namyeni nergi,
plantaciis gaSenebasa da eqsploataciaSi Sesvlamde movlaze (12
kacdRe X 5 welze) gaweuli SromiTi (pirdapiri) danaxarjebi daaxloebiT
100 kac/dRe, 180 litri dizelis sawvavi (36lX5), 1,0 tona (34%-iani)
azotovani, 1,0 tona (18 %-iani) fosforovani da 0,3 tona kaliumiani sasuqi.
amas daemateba transportirebisa da daavadebuli mcenareebis amoZirkvis
xarjebi da rac mTavaria gaxangrZlivdeba dargis reabilitaciisaTvis
gankuTvnili dro.
analogiuri viTareba SeiZleba Seiqmnas hibriduli nergebisa da
gaaxalgazrdavebuli mcenareebis varjSi gadamynobis SemTxvevaSic.
gansakuTrebuli sifrTxilea saWiro, TuTis abreSumxvevias
gamokvebasTan dakavSirebuli riskis faqtorebis mosalodneli uaryofiTi
Sedegebis SemcirebasTan dakavSirebiT.
TuTis abreSumxvevias warmatebiT gamokveba didad aris damokidebuli
sadezinfeqcio samuSaoebis droulad da xarisxianad Catarebaze.
erTi kolofi abreSumis Wiis gamosakvebad farTobis dasamuSaveblad
saWiro 2 litri formalinis xsnaris sabazro Rirebuleba seadgens 7,0
lars, xolo dezinfeqciis Catarebis danaxarjebi 10 laris farglebSi
meryeobs.
meabreSumeebi arc TuU iSviaTad, im albaTobis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom
maTTan ar gaCndeba daavadeba, gamokvebas iwyeben dezinfeqcia Cautarebel
SenobaSi, rac xSirad katastrofuli SedegiT mTavrdeba. es imas niSnavs,
rom meabreSumem dezinfeqciis CautareblobiT gaakeTa 15-17 laris
ekonomia, xolo izarala 550_600 lari. amasTan, mniSvnelovnad
gaurTuldeba momavali wlis gamokvebis Catarebis saimedooba da xeli
Seewyoba garemos gaWuWyianebas.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, meabreSumeobaSi muSaoba unda warimarTos
mxolod “mwvane” riskis aresa da aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi misaRebi
“yviTeli” riskis ares farglebSi.
Tavi 7. finansuri gegma
finansuri gegmis amocanaa, fuladi nakadebis analizis safuZvelze
gansazRvros proeqtis miznebis Sesrulebis SesaZleblobebi da
ekonomikuri efeqtianoba. gvaCvenebs kapitaluri dabandebisa da sxva
54
danaxarjebis amogebis dros da raodenobas, rac investors samomavlo
saqmianobis ukeTesi variantis arCevis SesaZleblobas aZlevs. amasTan,
angariSi unda gaewios saqmianobis samomavlo perspeqtivas da marto erTi-
ori wlis SedegebiT ar unda gansazRvros proeqtis sicocxlisunarianoba.
meabreSumeobaSi, fuladi Semosavlis ZiriTadi wyaroa grenis,
cocxali da haermSrali parkis realizaciiT miRebuli Semosavali. Tumca
yuradRebis gareSe ar unda davtovoT unarCeno teqnologiebis sikeTe. ase
magaliTad 100kg cocxali parkis amoxvevis Sedegad darCeba 30kg Wupri,
romelic saukeTeso sakvebia meliebisaTvis da saukeTeso
nedleuli_parfiumeriaSi gamosayeneblad.
perse da arastandartuli parkis, napertyulis da sxva Tanamdevi
produqciis miznobrivi gamoyeneba advilad gansaxorcielebeli da
rentabelobis amaRlebisaTvis mniSvnelovani RonisZiebaa.
meTuTeobaSi Semodgomaze gauxeSebuli foTlis mecxoveleobis
aratradiciuli sakvebis (nekeri) gamoyeneba, romelic metad maRali
rentabelobiT gamoirCeva, aseve Zvirfasia nayofi, romlis didi nawili
umiznod ikargeba.
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, safinanso gegmis Sedgena aucileblad
iwyeba ZiriTadi da Tanamdevi produqciis realizaciis saprognozo
maCveneblebiT da mTavrdeba saboloo Sedegebis CvenebiT-proeqtis
sicocxlisunarianobis damtkicebiT.
meabreSumeobis calkeuli sferoebis finansuri mdgomareoba
gamoixateba ekonomikur maCvenebelTa erTiani sistemiT, romelic
srulyofilad asaxavs safinanso dokumentis_balansis struqturas. aq
mravali maCvenebelia gaTvaliswinebuli, Tumca ekonomistebi praqtikulad
iyeneben im ganmsazRvrel maCvenebels, romelic srul suraTs warmoadgens.
naSromSi ar warmovadgineT dafinansebis saxeebi (sakuTari,nasesxebi),
rasac investori gansazRvravs sakuTari SexedulebiT. amasTan
warmodgenilia pirveli etapis bolo, 2021 wlis safinanso Sedegebi, xolo
sawarmoo maCveneblebi mTeli periodisaTvis (2017_2026 w.w.) SedarebiT
sizustiT aris gaTvaliswinebuli.
Cveni SexedulebiT, meabreSumeobis reabilitacia_aRorZinebiT
dainteresebul investors swored es nawili ainteresebs, radgan naTlad
ikveTeba SenarCunebisaTvis saWiro naRdi fulis odenoba, rac unda Caidos
warmoebaSi, ris mogeba iqneba mosaloneli da rodis_pirvel wlebSi da
momdevno wlebSi.
Catarebuli muSaobis Sedegobrivi maCvenebeli warmodgenilia daskvniT
nawilSi, rac srulyofil suraTs qmnis samomavlod dargis
aRorZinebisaTvis.
55
cxrilSi motanili masalebis analizi gviCvenebs, rom proeqtis
ganxorcielebis pirvel etapze mdgomareoba arc Tu saxarbieloa, magram
ganadgurebuli sakvebi bazis aRdgenis, axali maRalproduqtiuli jiSebis
(hibridebis) uaxlesi teqnologiebis danegvis da marketinguli saqmianobis
Tanmimdevruli gaumjobesebis kvalobaze viTareba icvleba da
rentabelobis maCveneblebic izrdeba.
Tavi 8. sainvesticio proeqtis daskvniTi nawili
meabreSumeobaSi Seqmnili urTulesi viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT
“meabreSumeobis reabilitacia_aRorZinebis sainvesticio proeqti da
kooperativi “saCino” vanis raionSi” naTlad aris gadmocemuli
gansaxorcielebel RoniZiebaTa sistema, Sesrulebis mosalodneli
ekonomikuri Sedegebi da ZiriTadi maCveneblebi.
naSromSi gaanalizebulia 1990-iani wlebis Semdgom periodSi TuTis
sargavi masalis, grenis, parkis da saboloo produqciis warmoeba
Sewyvetilia, ukiduresi naklebobaa gamocdili praqtikos meabreSumeebisa
da specialistebis, mecnieruli kadrebis. rogorc aRiniSna dargi xelaxla
unda Camoyalibdes, sainvesticio proeqtis Sesrulebis interesebidan
gamomdinare, pirvel etapze gaviTvaliswineT arsebuli SesaZleblobebi,
SemdgomSi ki uaxlesi teqnikisa da teqnologiis pirobebSi, advilad
misaRwevi da Sesruleba garantirebuli iqneba, misi Sesrulebis dasturia
warmoebis programis minimizacia, danaxarjebis maqsimizacia da mewarmis
gankargulebaSi arsebuli sawarmoo potenciali. gaTvaliswinebulia
agreTve dargis mecnierebis dRevandeli SesaZleblobebi da a.S.
produqtis gasaRebis problema gaTvaliswinebulia pirveli
etapisaTvis adgilobrivi bazari, xolo warmoebis gazrdis da
momZlavrebis Semdeg_saerTaSoriso bazris segmentis dauflebisaTvis
brZola iqneba saWiro Sesabamisi uwyebebis daxmarebiT. amasTan,
danaxarjebisa da produqciis realizaciis fasebi, inflaciis SesaZlo
donidan misadagebulad aris gaTvaliswinebuli.
meabreSumeobis mowinave qveynebsa da maRalganviTarebuli sabazro
ekonomikis pirobebSirentabeloba mudmivi danaxarjebis mimarT misaRebia
12-15%-mde, magram Cvens SemTxvevaSi minimaluri maCvenebelia
gaTvaliswinebuli, Tumca produqciis warmoebis gadidebis da teqnikuri
da teqnologiuri aRWurvilobis kvalobasTan dakavSirebiT efeqtianobis
maCvenebeli Sesabamisad gaizrdeba.
56
naSromSi Tanmimdevrulad ari warmodgenili produqciis saxeebis
mixedviT Teslnergi, hibriduli, namyeni da sakuTarfesviani nergi, TuTis
nargaobis gaSenebis, cocxali da haermSrali parkis, Zafis amoxvevis
warmoebis maCveneblebi. amasTan, SekumSulad, literaturuli masalebis
gaTvaliswinebiT aris warmodgenili saboloo produqtis (qsovili,
kustaruli nawarmi) zogadi maCveneblebi.
cxrilSi 8.1. warmodgenilia sakvebi bazis ganmtkicebis safuZveli-
sanerge meurneobis gaSenebis, movlis, produqciis warmoebisa da
ekonomikuri maCveneblebi. cxrilSi motanili masalebidan Cans, rom
sanergis racionaluri warmoebis pirobebSi rentabeluri iqneba, magram
gansakuTrebiT momgebiania da saintereso investorebisaTvis
sakuTarfesviani da hibriduli nergebis warmoeba. bunebrivia, hibriduli
nergebi, upiratesad unda gavavrceloT calkemdgomi (xazobrivi)
mcenareebis saxiT SemdgomSi maRalproduqtiuli gamZle jiSebis kvirtis
gadamynobiT.
SuamTis sanerge meurneobaSi 2021 wels sanergis mowyoba,
produqciis warmoeba, Semosavali da ekonomikuri efeqtianoba1
cxrili 8.1.
#
maCveneblebi
zomis erTeuli
saTesi
erTwliani standartuli
nergi
hibriduli
namyeni
sakuTar fesviani
1. warmoebuli produqcia
Ziri 16000 3550 10450 9500 _
2. Semosavali lari 1600 3900 25900 23730 55130 3. danaxarjebi lari 898 2472 23754 20057 47181 4. balansi lari 702 1428 2146 3673 7949 5. rentabeloba % 40,0 60,0 9,0 18,0 16,8
1. gaTvaliswinebulia TuTis erTwliani hibriduli, namyeni da
sakuTarfesviani standartuli nergi.
2. aq gaTvaliswinebulia erTi da imave nakveTze namyeni nergebis
gamozrdis paralelurad darCenili hibriduli nergebi, magram
specialurad am mizniT gaSenebul saZireTa nakveTidan miRebuli
hibriduli nergebis (30-32 aTasamde Ziri) rentabeloba Seadgens 120 %-s
(ix. cxrili 2.6).
57
TuTis abreSumxvevias parkis, xami Zafis, qsovilis warmoeba
(2021 wels) da ekonomikuri efeqtianoba
cxrili 8.2.
# maCveneblebi zomis erTeuli
cocxali parki
haermSrali parki
xami Zafi
qsovili s u l
1. warmoebuli produqcia
kg 4160 1600 460 _ _
2. miRebuli Semosavali
lari 45500 48000 62480 _ 156180
3. danaxarjebi lari 44432 49640 43802 _ 137874
4. balansi lari 1068 - 1640 18678 18307 5. rentabeloba % 2,0 - 1640 29,5 _ 11,0 1. SeniSvna: 1kg Zafis fasi aRebulia 60 kolofiX2,30 larze, Seadgina
460 X 136=62480 lari.
rogorc cxrilSi motanili masalebidan Cans meabreSumeobis
mdgo,areoba rTulia, Tumca gasakviri arc aris, radgan TiTqmis 20 welze
metia upatronodaa mitovebuli da Tavidan viwyebT aRorZinebas. miuxedavad
amisa, pirveli etapis bolo Sedegebi damakmayofilebelia, xolo momdevno
wlebi TandaTan warmatebuli iqneba. pirveli etapis pirvel wels
warmoebuli iqneba 4160 kg cocxali parki, xolo mogeba-1068 lari, rac
savsebiT misaRebia. dargis reabilitacia_aRorZinebis periodSi mTavaria
ara maqsimaluri mogeba, aramed ojaxuri, Sromis Cvevebis gamomuSaveba,
sazogadoebriv SromaSi monawileoba, adaptacia da axali samuSao
adgilebis Seqmna.
sadReisod Seqmnili biTarebiT, haermSrali parkis TviTRirebuleba
metimetad maRalia, magram dasaxul RonisZiebaTa ganxorcielebiT igi
Semcirdeba da mogebis done 20 %-s gadaaWarbebs.
dasasruls, Semajamebel cxrilSi 8.3. motanili masalebi
meabreSumeobis reabilitacia_aRorZinebis survils gagvimtkiceben. Cveni
gaangariSebiT sainvesticio programis mTel periodSi meabreSumeobis
sistemis (qsovilisa da kustaruli nawarmis gareSe) yvela sfero metad
sainteresoa da organizebulad muSaobis (dargebis racionaluri
SeTanawyoba, sakuTarfesviani nergebis warmoeba da a.S.) SemTxvevaSi
normaluri mogeba garantirebuli iqneba.
cxrilSi 8.3. motanili masalebis analizidan gamomdinare eWvgareSea,
rom meabreSumeoba Rirseul adgils daikavebs raionis soflis meurneobis
mravaldargovan sistemaSi.
58
meabreSumeobis saerTo produqciis warmoeba (qsovilisa da kustaruli
nawarmis gareSe) da ekonomikuri efeqtianoba (dargobrivi biujeti)
cxrili 8.3.
# 1.
maCveneblebi
zomis erTeuli
meabreSumeoba (saboloo produqti-qsovilisa da kustaruli nawarmis gareSe s u l
meTuTeoba (sanerge
meurneoba)
meabreSumeoba- cocxali da haermSrali parkis warmoeba da xami Zafi
miRebuli Semosavali
lari 226942 55130 156180
2. danaxarjebi lari 180115 47181 137874 3. balansi lari 46827 7949 18307 4. rentabeloba % 20,0 16,8 13,0
daskvnebi
vani (saCino) meabreSumeobis gavrcelebis uZvelesi adgilia, igi
yovelTvis warmoadgenda mosaxleobis dasaqmebis ZiriTad sferos da
fuladi Semosavlis mniSvnelovan wyaros. kargad iyo ganviTarebuli
meabreSumeobis sakvebi baza da abreSumis kustaruli warmoeba.
TuTis daavadeba FfoTlis sixuWuWis gavrcelebamde (1964 w.) raionSi
iyo 178,0 ha TuTis plantacia da 314,0 aTasi Ziri erTeuli nargaoba, rac
sakmarisi iyo 200 tonamde parkisa da 15000 kolofi grenis warmoebisaTvis.
sadReisod raionis mTel teritoriaze gafantulia mxolod 8,5 aTasamde
Ziri erTeuli nargaoba, rac Wiis gamokvebis Catarebis dawyebis
SesaZleblobasac saTuod xdis. amasTan, ganadgurebulia mTeli
infrastruqtura da dargi Tavidanaa Camosayalibebeli.
Seqmnil viTarebaSi, raionis xelmZRvaneloba dainteresda dargis
rebilitacia-aRorZinebiT, rac uaRresad saintereso wamowyebaa.
_dargis aRdgeniT SesaZlebeli gaxdeba soflis mosaxleobis masobrivi
dasqmeba, sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebisa da SromiTi resursebis
racionaluri gamoyeneba, meabreSumeTa ojaxuri biujetis ganmtkiceba,
migraciuli procesebis Seneleba, ekologiuri garemos gaumjobesebis
xelSewyoba da a.S.
TuTis abreSumxvevias axali jiSebis warmoebaSi gavrceleba
(gansakuTrebiT 25 wliani “Sesvenebis” Semdeg) metad saTuT midgomas
59
moiTxovs. saqarTveloSi sadReisod dapatentebuli jiSebidan upiratesi\oba
unda mieniWos diRmurebis jgufs (diRmuri-1, diRmuri-2), xolo
maRalproduqtiuli jiSebis_mziuri-1 da mziuri-2 gamocdis gareSe (igi
dapatentebulia qarTlis regionosaTvis) gavrceleba vanis raionSi ar unda
moxdes.
investorma, parkis saerTaSoriso bazris koniuqturidan gamomdinare
importuli da adgilobrivi grena mkacrad unda Seamowmos yvela
sameurneo niSanTvisebis mixedviT, magram gansakuTrebuli yuradReba
unda mieqces iseTi grenis SerCevas, romelTa gamokvebis xangrZivoba
meryeobs 25_27 dRis farglebSi. amasTan, marTalia ucxoeTidan
Semotanili grena sertificirebulia, magram winaswari gamocdis
gareSe maTi gavrceleba mainc sarisko saqmea.
meabreSumeobis produqciis warmoebis ZiriTadi organizaciuli
forma iqneba sxvadsxva doneze Seqmnili kooperativebi da
amxanagobebi (Tavi 3). kooperativebis (gaerTianebebis) iniciativiT
unda Seiqmnas teritoriuli integrirebuli sawarmoebi (sakarmidamo
meabreSumeoba+ grena, Zafis amoxveva) realizaciidan miRebuli
Semosavlis nawilis meabreSimeebze gacemis gziT.
mimdinare etapze, kooperativebis (gaerTianebebis) saqmianoba, parki
warmoebis gadidebasTan SedarebiT ufro Zneli mosagvarebeli iqneba
misi damzadebis, gadamuSavebis da realizaciis problema. amitom,
kooperativebSi dargis specialistebTan erTad bazris koniuqturis
mcodne menejeric unda monawileobdes.
pirvel etapze, meabreSumeobis reabilitaciis upirveles amocanas
Seadgens sakvebi bazis ganmtkiceba, risTvisac aucilebelia:
mkacrad davicvaT TuTisa da abreSumxvevias dapatentebuli jiSebis
gavrceleba.
dRemde SemorCenili jiSiani TuTis nargaobis gaaxalgazdaveba
agrowesebis mixedviT da ujiSo TuTis nargaobis varjSi,
dapatentebuli jiSis (3-4 mainc) kvirtis (kalmiT) gadamynoba.
upiratesad unda gaSendes erTeuli (xazobrivi) nargaoba namyeni da
SerCeuli hibriduli nergebiT, SemdgomSi misi jiSiani kvirtiT
gadamynobis pirobiT.
pirvel etapze, meabreSumeobis reabilitaciis upirveles amocanas
Seadgens sakvebi bazis ganmtkiceba, risTvisac aucilebelia:
mkacrad davicvaT TuTisa da abreSumxvevias dapatentebuli jiSebis
gavrceleba.
dRemde SemorCenili jiSiani TuTis nargaobis gaaxalgazdaveba
agrowesebis mixedviT da ujiSo TuTis nargaobis varjSi,
dapatentebuli jiSis (3-4 mainc) kvirtis (kalmiT) gadamynoba.
60
upiratesad unda gaSendes erTeuli (xazobrivi) nargaoba namyeni da
SerCeuli hibriduli nergebiT, SemdgomSi misi jiSiani kvirtiT
gadamynobis pirobiT.
plantaciebi unda gaSendes (59 ha) mcire zomis saSualo Stambiani
nargaobiT fermerTa da sxva miwaTmosargebleTa sakarmidamo
nakveTebze, rigTaSorisebSi zonisaTvis rekomendebuli kulturebis
moyvanisa da Semodgomaze gauxeSebuli foTlisagan
mecxoveleobisaTvis arastandartuli sakvebis (nekeri)
warmoebisaTvis [3].
ujiSo TuTis mcenareebis varjSi sanergeSi mynobisa da
Termomoedanze kalmebis dafesvianebis mizniT unda moiZion quTaisis
meabreSumeobis zonalur sacdel sadgursa da adgilze SerCeuli
mcenareebidan aRebuli kvirtis (kalmebis) gamoyenebiT. amasTan, unda
moewyos sakalme sadede plantacia adgilobrivi moTxovnilebis
saWiroebisaTvis.
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs sakuTarfesviani nergebis
gamozrdis yvela meTodis gamoyenebas upirvelesad bunebrivad Tbili
wylebis bazaze, ise rogorc meore Tavis 2.1.4 qveTavSi Aaris
miTiTebuli. amasTan:
1. aucileblad migvaCnia momdevno wlidanve moewyos Tundac mcire
zomis (50-100kvm farTobi) Termuli moedani da dairgois mxolod
rekomendebuli jiSebi (iveria, Tbilisuri, oSima, nezumigaesi,
quTaTuri, q2uTaisuri -1 da a.S.) da raionSi SerCeuli mcenareebidan
(sacdelad) aRebuli kalmebi samomavlod gavrcelebis mizniT.
2. momdevno wlebSi unda gafarTovdes sakuTerfesviani nergebis
warmoebis mcire “industria”, rac Zalian daaCqarebs dargis
aRorZinebas.
daavadeba foTlis sixuWuWis gavrcelebis zonaSi
jerjerobiT miuRebelia ganmeorebiT gamokveba saerTod da
gansakuTrebiT erTidaimave mcenaris meoradi eqspluatacia;
meabreSumeobis aRorZineba, axali samuSao adgilebis
Seqmna, mosaxleobis adgilze damagreba da mZime
ekologiuri pirobebis Semsubuqebis interesebi dRis
wesrigSi ayenebs mini sagrenaJo qarxnis aRdgenas da
meabreSumeobasTan dakavSirebuli kustaruli warmoebis
saamqros Camoyalibeba.
61
literatura
1. Н. Шавров - Описание Кавказского Шелководства, Тифлис, 1891, стр, 34;
2 ვახუშტი ბაგრატიონი- აღწერა სამეფოსა საქართველოსა, თბილისი 1941, გვ.145, 445;
3. g. nikoleiSvili, g. jafariZe, T. kunWulia, e. SafaqiZe - rekomendacia
“Semodgomaze gauxeSebuli TuTis foTlidan mecxoveleobis
aratradiciuli sakvebis (nekeri) damzadebis SesaZlebloba, teqnologiebi
da ekonomikuri efeqtianoba”. saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa
akademia, Tbilisi 2014, 16 gv;
4. p. kakabaZe_ uZvelesi qarTuli qalaqi . “sabWoTa xelovneba” #5, 1959;
5. gazeTi “iveria” 1900 weli #210, 20 seqtemberi gv. 2-3;
6. gazeTi “Sroma” .... weli #26 gv. 3.
7. libixi - meabreSumeobis samecniero-kvleviTi institutis angariSi.
meabreSumeobis gaadgileba saqarTvelos ssr. 1936 weli, tomi II, gv. 76;
8. saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros
industriuli ganviTarebis biznes modeli _ “abreSumis saxli” abreSumis
warmoebis SesaZleblobis da bazris kvleva, Tbilisi, 2016;
9. meabreSumeobis integraciis ekonomikuri efeqtianoba da misi
reabilitacia-aRorZinebis rekomendaciebi. saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis
saministro, saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademia,
Tbilisi, 2016.
10. g. nikoleiSvili, e. SafaqiZe, v. sanadiraZe - meabreSumeobis integraciis
ekonomikuri efeqtianoba da misi reabilitacia_aRorZinebis rekomendaciebi.
saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis saministro, saqarTvelos soflis
meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademia Tbilisi, 2016;
11. g. nikoleiSvili, e. SafaqiZe _ “meabreSumeoba_Savi, kaspiis zRvebis da
centraluri aziis regionis qveynebis (BACSA) saerTo sazrunavia,
monografia, Tbilisi, 2014, gv.130;
12. g. nikoleiSvili, e. SafaqiZe, n. baramiZe - pirvel or asakSi TuTis
abreSumxvevias centralizebuli gamokveba (rekomendacia), ssmm akademia,
Tbilisi, 2014;
13. gazeTi "rezonansi" 20 ivlisi, 2016 weli;
14. saerTo gazeTi, #35, 21 seqtemberi, 2016;
15. o. qeSelaSvili _ riskis marTva fermerul meurneobebSi, Tbilisi, 2009;
16. g. nikoleiSvili, e. SafaqiZe _ ”saqarTvelos meabreSumeobis problemebi,
reabilitacia-aRorZineba”. saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa
akademia, monografia, 2016;
17. meTuTeobis da meabreSumeobis agrowesebi. Tbilisi, gamomcemloba
“saqarTvelo”, 1976;
62
18. g. nikoleiSvili, g. jafariZe, e. SafaqiZe, T. dalaliSvili, n. baramiZe, e.
WolaZe - “sainvestivio proeqti meabreSumeobis sakvebi bazis, parkis
warmoebis da kustaruli rewvis etapobrivi aRdgena xonis raionSi".
saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebaTa akademia, Tbilisi, 2014, gv.51.
