M.BoothapandiResearch Scholar

Department of ZoologyUniversity of Madras

Chennai

Prof. R. RamanibaiResearch Supervisor & Guide

Department of ZoologyUniversity of Madras

Chennai

• Immunomodulators are drugs which either suppress or stimulate the immune system – (Immunosuppressants and Immunostimulants)

INTRODUCTION

Immunostimulants

Chemical agents - levomisole, Cimetidine, Isoprinosine(ISO)

Microbiological agents- BCG ( bacille Calmette-Guerin,) Indication- Tumor, Immunodeficiency, Infectional diseases

Immunosuppressant

Chemical agents- Cyclophosphamide, Azathioprine

Hormone- steroids

Microbiological agents- Cyclosporine A(CsA)

Indication- Organ transplantation, Hypersensitivity diseases, Autoimmune diseases, Infectious

diseases

Antiproliferative activity in human lung cancer (Kameswaran and Ramanibai, 2008)

Indirubin-

Anticancer drug

(Han, 1994)

Indigotin- Hepatoprotective activity (Singh et

al., 2001)

Root and leaves-To treat epilepsy and

hydrophobia (Tyagi et al., 2010)

Medicinal uses of I.tinctoria

OBJECTIVES

1. To evaluate the effect of ethanolic and aqueous extract of I.tinctoria on in vitro Macrophage functions.

2. To estimate the effect of ethanolic and aqueous extract of I.tinctoria on in vitro lymphocyte proliferation

Kingdom :PlantaeDivision : MagnoliophytaClass : MagnoliopsidaOrder : FabalesFamily : FabaceaeGenus : IndigoferaSpecies : tinctoria linn.

Systematic position of the plant

MATERIALS AND METHODS

1. Extract preparation – Aqueous extract and ethanolic extract were prepared in

respective solvents

2. Macrophage isolation from peritoneal fluid and lymphocytes isolated from

Peripheral blood (Cheng et al., 2008) of wistar albino rat.

3. Nitric Oxide (NO) production (Green et al., 1982)

4. Arginase activity (Munder et al., 1998)

5. Pinocytic activity (Plytycz et al., 1992)

6. Lysosomal activity (Suzuki et al., 1990)

7. Phagocytic assay on nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction Test (Rainard, 1986)

8. Lymphocytes proliferation (Mossmann, 1983)

RESULTS

Field Emission- Scaning Electron microscope (FE-SEM) image of isolated (A) peripheral blood lyphocytes and (B) peritoneal

macrophage (PEM) from wistar albino rat

A B

Effect of I.tinctoria extracts on PEM Nitric Oxide (NO) Production and Arginase activity

Effect of I.tinctoria extracts on PEM Pinocytic Activity

Effect of I.tinctoria extracts on PEM Lysosomal Activity

Effect of I.tinctoria extracts on PEM Phagocytosis

Effect of I.tinctoria extracts on invitro proliferation

Effect of I.tinctoria extracts on invitro proinflammatory cytokine production

SUMMARY In innate immune system both aqueous ethanolic and aqueous

extracts were enhanced the Macrophage NO production and

simultaneously decrease the activity of Arginase.

The other predominant activity of PEM like Pinocytic and

lysosomal activity also substantially enhanced by both ethanolic

and aqueous extracts

The principal role of Macrophage phagocytosis also notably

enhanced.

On the other hand the it enhance the adaptive immune system

through the proliferation of lymphocytes.

OUTCOME

The present findings revealed that both the ethanolic and aqueous

extracts of I. tinctoria did not cause direct toxic effects on isolated

immune cells and suggested that they could potentially enhance

innate as well as adaptive immune responses.

These strong immunomodulatory activities of I. tinctoria noted here

in vitro help to explain some of the medicinal benefits attributed to

the plant in traditional medicine and could be used to provide a

future basis for the development of this plant as an immuno-

regulating substance.

Future Plan of the work....

To find out the active compounds responsible for the

immunomodulatory potential of I.tinctoria and find out the

immunomodulatory effect through invivo studies on Wistar albino

rat model.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We acknowledge to UGC- UPE – PHASE II New Delhi (No. 2013/PFEP/C3/280) for financial support.

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