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Microbiology

Faculty of medicine- Benghazi University

Course Specifications

Program on which the course is given: M.B.Ch.B, third year, 2016-2017.

Major or Minor element of programs: Single major program

Department offering the programs: Interdisciplinary

Department offering the course: microbiology

Academic year / level: third year

Date of Specification approval: …………………

A. Basic Information

Title: Microbiology and immunology

Code: ……….

Course language: English

Lectures: 4 hrs./week

Practical:

tutorial :

8 hrs./week

8 hrs./week

Total: 20hrs/week

Credit Hours: 93 hours

B. Professional Information

Overall Aims of Course:

1. To educate students about the basic features of general

bacteriology, virology and mycology.

2. To familiarize students with the common infections and diseases of

medical importance, their microbial causes, as well as laboratory

diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of such diseases.

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3. To provide the candidate with basic knowledge about the

morphology, culture, antigenic structure and virulence factors of

microorganisms of medical importance and the diseases they

produce.

4. To provide students with an understanding of the immune system,

its protective functions and its role in the patho-physiology of

infectious and non- infectious diseases.

5. To define the following terms: antimicrobial agent, antibiotic,

chemotherapeutic agent and to describe the mechanisms of

action of antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agent with the origin

and the different mechanisms of drug resistance

6. To enable the students to practice the principles of sterilization and

infection control.

Intended Learning Outcomes of Course (ILOs):

A. Knowledge and Understanding:

the end of the course, students should be able to:

1. Illustrate general bacterial morphology, physiology and genetics.

2. Illustrate the nature of Viruses, bacteria and fungi and basic criteria used in

the Classification .

3. Recognize the host parasite relationship and microbial pathogenesis.

4. Explain the physiology of the immune system, its beneficial role, as well as its

detrimental role in immunopathology (hypersensitivity, autoimmunity and

transplant rejection).

5. Recognize the most important infectious clinical conditions and outline the

diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of the most likely organisms

causing such diseases.

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6. Describe the classification, morphology, culture character, antigenic

structure and virulence factors of microorganisms of medical importance.

7. Describe the most important methods of decontamination and principles of

infection control.

8. Describe the basics of antimicrobial uses and resistance.

9. Understand the impact of molecular technology in microbiology and

immunology.

10. Identify cellular and molecular components of natural and adaptive

immune response.

11. Explain cellular cooperation and effector mechanisms of humoral and

cellular immune response.

12. Explain main mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity against

bacterial, viral, and fungal infections.

13. Recognize principles of immunoprophylaxis and recent advances in vaccine

development and principles of pre and post exposure prophylaxis.

14. Explain different ways by which the immune system responds against tumor

antigens and how tumors can evade the host’s immune response and tumor

immunotherapy

B. Intellectual Skills:

The students should be able to:

1. Interpret results of microbiological, serological and molecular tests.

2. Formulate a systematic approach for laboratory diagnosis of common

infectious clinical conditions and select the most appropriate tool to the

identification of the causative organism.

3. Evaluate according to evidence the causal relationship of microbes and

diseases.

4. Categorize a microorganism as a bacterium, virus or fungus according

to standard taxonomy.

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5. Integrate clinical, laboratory and epidemiological information and to

use this to differentiate between different infectious agents and their

diseases.

6. Correlate the immunological alterations of common immunological

disorders with clinical data and therapy.

C. Professional and Practical Skills

The students should be able to:

1. Elicit medically important bacteria based on microscopic examination

of stained preparations.

2. Perform a Gram stain and a Ziehl-Neelsen stain and identify, according

to morphology and characteristics, stained preparations.

3. Elicit culture media, biochemical tests and serological tests commonly

used for bacterial identification and distinguish positive and negative

results.

4. Perform hand wash and identify different methods of physical and

chemical methods of sterilization.

5. Identify instruments and precautions followed for collection of different

specimens.

6. Apply safety measures and precautions in medical laboratories

D. General and Transferable Skills

The students should be able to:

1. Interact and communicate effectively with other health care

professionals during infection control practice.

2. Respect superiors, colleagues and any other members of the health

profession.

3. Gather, organize and appraise information including the use of

information technology where applicable.

4. Present the medical information in written, oral and electronic forms.

5. Communicate ideas and arguments effectively.

6. Be prepared for the lifelong learning needs of the medical profession.

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7. Course Contents:

Theoretical Part : ( 4 Hours per week : 93 Lectures )

A. INTRODUCTORY TOPICS ( 9 HOURS ):

HISTORY AND SCOPE OF STUDY ; MICROBIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

STRUCTURE AND GROWTH

CLASSIFICATION AND TAXONOMY

BACTERIAL GENETICS

GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

STERILIZATION AND DISINFECTION

B. MEDICAL BACTERIOLOGY AND INFECTIONS ( 33 HOURS ) :

ANTIBACTERIAL CHEMOTHERAPY

BACTERIAL RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS

PATHOGENICITY OF BACTERIA

GRAM POSITIVE PYOGENIC COCCI : STAPHYLOCOCCI, STREPTOCOCCI,

ENTEROCOCC.

GRAM NEGATIVE PYOGENIC COCCI : NEISSERIAE, MORAXELLA

AEROBIC GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI : CORYNEBACTERIA, BACILLUS SPECIES,

LISTERIA

ANAEROBIC GRAM POSITIVE BACILLI : CLOSTRIDIUM SPP., LACTOBACILLI ,

NOCARDIA ACTINOMYCES

MYCOBACTERIUM SPP.

ENTERIC GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI : ENTROBACTERIACEAE : COMMENSALS

AND OPPORTUNISTS ( E. COLI, PROTEUS , KLEBSIELLA…ETC. )

ENTERIC PATHOGENS : SALMONELLA , SHIGELLAE, VIBRIO, CAMPYLOBAC

,HELICOBACTER

PARVOBACTERIA HAEMOPHILUS, BORDETELLAE AND LEGIONELLAE

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BRUCELLAE AND YERSINIA , PASTEURELLA , TULAREMIA

SPIROCHETES : TREPONEMA, BORRELIA AND LEPTOSPIRAE

MYCOPLASMAE, RICKETTSIAE AND CHLAMYDIAE

C. IMMUNOLOGY ( 17 HOURS ) :

BASIC IMMUNOLOGY :

NATURAL AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

ANTIGENS, IMMUNOGLOBULIN, COMPLEMENT SYSTEM AND HLA

SYSTEM

ORGANS AND CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

CYTOKINES , CHEMOKINES ADHESION MOLECULES

THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN VIVO

IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE

REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

VACCINES AND IMMUNIZATION

ANTIGEN- ANTIBODY REACTIONS

CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY :

HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS

IMMUNITY TO INFECTIONS

TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNITY

AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES

IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISEASES

TUMOR IMMUNOLOGY

IMMUNO-HEMATOLOGY

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D. MEDICAL VIROLOGY ( 20 HOURS ) :

GENERAL VIROLOGY

STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF VIRUSES

REPLICATION OF DNA AND RNA VIRUSES ( +

BACTERIOPHAGES )

CULTIVATION AND DETECTION OF VIRAL GROWTH

VIRAL GENETICS

PATHOGENESIS AND HOST RESPONSE TO VIRAL

INFECTION

ANTIVIRAL CHEMOTHERAPY AND VACCINES

VIRAL ONCOGENESIS

MEDICAL VIROLOGY

DNA VIRUSES : HERPES, POX, HEPADNA, ADENO, PARVO ,

PAPILLOMA AND POLYOMA

RNA VIRUSES : PICORNA, ORTHOMYXO, PARAMYXO, FLAVI,

TOGA, CALICI, CORONA, ASTRO, RHABDO, REO, FILO,

ARENA, BUNYA AND RETRO

UNCLASSIFIED, VIRIODS AND PRION AGENTS

E. MEDICAL MYCOLOGY ( 7 HOURS ) :

INTRODUCTION TO FUNGI ; GENERAL CONCEPTS ;

REPRODUCTION ; GROWTH

PATHOGENICITY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY .

ANTIFUNGAL CHEMOTHERAPY

IMPORTANT MYCOTIC INFECTIONS OF MAN ( SUPERFICIAL,

CUTANEOUS,

SUBCUTANEOUS, PRIMARY SYSTEMIC, OPPORTUNISTIC,

ALLERGIC AND TOXIC MYCOSES ).

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F. SPECIAL TOPICS IN CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY ( 7 HOURS ) :

NORMAL FLORA

ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF MEDICALLY

IMPORTANT BACTERIA

HOSPITAL ACQUIRED ( NOSOCOMIAL ) INFECTIONS

URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED ( VENEREAL ) DISEASES

RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS

DIARRHOEAL DISEASES

CNS DISEASES

INFECTIONS IN THE IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST

Practical Part: ( Total 20 Sessions ):

1- Safety roles and Basic laboratory requirements 2- Microscopy and Staining 3- Sterilization and Culture Techniques and media 4- Antibiotic sensitivity test 5- Serological reactions 6- Molecular diagnostic Microbiology 7- Diagnosis of Pyogenic cocci (Staphylococci, Streptococci, Neisseria) 8- Diagnosis of the enteric pathogens 9- Diagnosis of viral infections 10- Diagnosis of mycotic infections 11- Automation in diagnosis of microbial infections 12- Revision of diagnostic algorithms

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8. Matrix of achievement of course ILOs in course contents:

Knowledge and

Understanding

Intellectual Skills

Professional and

Practical Skills

General and Transferable

Skills

General

Microbiology

ILO 1- 2 – 7- 9 4 ILO 1-2-3-4-5-6

Systemic

microbiology

ILO 3-5-6-8 1-2-3-5 ILO 1-2-3-4-5-6

immunology ILO 4-10-11-12-13-

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1-6 ILO 1-2-3-4-5-6

Virology ILO 2-3-5 1-2-3-4-5 ILO 1-2-3-4-5-6

Mycology ILO 2-3-5-6 1-2-3-4-5 ILO 1-2-3-4-5-6

Applied

microbiology

ILO 5-9 1-2-3-4-5 ILO 1-2-3-4-5-6

Practical

laboratory

1-2 1-2-3-4-5-6 ILO 1-2-3-4-5-6

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9. Teaching and Learning Methods

Lectures (board, data show).

Practical sessions (Tools: lab glass ware, chemical reagents, lab instruments.

Self-learning in the form of student presentation.

10. Student Assessment Methods

a. Attendance Criteria:

The minimum acceptable practical attendance is 70%; students who fail to

attend that percentage of activities will prohibited from attending final

exam paper.

b. Assessment Tools:

Tool Purpose

Student presentation Assessment of general and transferable skills

Written examination

Assessment of knowledge and understanding

and intellectual skills.

Oral examination

Assessment of knowledge and

understanding, intellectual, general and

transferable skills.

Practical examination

Assessment of practical, intellectual and

general skills

c. Time Schedule of assessment:

Practical:

Evaluation of students' performance and activity during labs

Student presentation evaluation

Assessments schedule

1st semester: one formative exams: held in April .

All through the year . weekly assessment in tutorial , home assignments

Final examination:

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At the end of the academic year (October) for all students in the form

of oral and written exams

The exam is re-held in Dcember for those who fail to pass the final exam

or postpone it

d. Grading system:

The minimum passing score is 120 marks provided at least 35% of marks

are obtained in the final written examination.

Passing grades are:

Grade Percentage

Excellent ≥ 85%

Very good 75 - 85%

Good 65 - 75%

Pass 60 - 65%.

e. Examination description:

Examination Description Marks %

1st assessment Two hour MCQ exam 25 - 30 12,5 - 15

Assignment Asses students' performance

throughout the year 10 - 15

5 - 7.5

Practical

Regular Evaluation of

Performance during Lab

40

20

Final Written

examination

2-hour written paper composed of

MCQ, fill in space, true and false,

and match

90

45

Final oral

examination One oral examination 30

15

Total 200 100

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11. Learning and reference materials:

a. Basic materials:

Overhead projections and computer presentations used during

teaching in classes.

Notes on the laboratory practical work

Department theoretical books and practical manual (3 volumes)

available for students to purchase from different bookshops at the

faculty

b. Suggested materials:

Essential books (text books): x Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg’s

Medical Microbiology x Janeway and Trave

ESSENTIAL MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY:

c. Periodicals, Web sites, … etc.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

www.nlm.nih.gov/

www.amhrt.org

http://golgi.harvard.edu/biolinks.

www.nih.gov

x asmnews@asmusa.org

x http://www.phage.org/black09.htm

x http://www.microbe.org/microbes/virus_or_bacterium.asp

x http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Bact330/330Lecturetopics

x http://whyfiles.org/012mad_cow/7.html

x http://www.microbelibrary.org/

x http://www.hepnet.com/hepb.htm

x http://www.tulane.edu/~dmsander/Big_Virology/BVHomePage.ht

x http://www.mic.ki.se/Diseases/c2.html

x http://www.med.sc.edu:85/book/welcome.htm

x http://www.biology.arizona.edu/immunology/microbiology_imm

unology.html

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12. Facilities required for teaching and learning

Computers , Audiovisual equipment (data-show)

Microbiology laboratory , Ordinary light microscopes , Reagents

for staining procedures ,Microscope slides , Media needed for

bacteriological culture and identification , kits for new

technology training ,

Course coordinator:

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Head of Department:

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